Italy in the Era of the Great War

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Contents......Page 5 Acknowledgements......Page 7 List of Illustrations and Tables......Page 8 List of Contributors......Page 9 Vanda Wilcox......Page 15 Introduction......Page 28 To the Fourth Shore......Page 29 Consequences......Page 37 Filippo Cappellano......Page 44 Tactical Regulations and the Evolution of Doctrine After Caporetto......Page 57 Introduction......Page 69 I The Debate on the Italian Air Corps on the Eve of the Italo-Turkish War......Page 70 II The War in Libya and Its Consequences......Page 71 III Italian Aviation on the Eve of the First World War......Page 72 IV The Outbreak of the First World War......Page 76 V Giovan Battista Marieni, Head of the Air Force during the War......Page 77 VI After Caporetto: The General Commissariat for the Air Force......Page 79 VIII The Post-War Period......Page 84 IX The ‘Dark Years’ of Italian Aviation......Page 86 X The Renewal of the Debate on Italian Aviation: Attilio Longoni and the Fascist Movement......Page 89 XI Fascism and the Creation of the Italian Air Force......Page 91 Conclusions......Page 93 Irene Guerrini and Marco Pluviano Guerrini and Pluviano......Page 94 Italy’s Foreign Policy up to the First World War......Page 113 Choosing Sides......Page 116 From a National War to a World War......Page 120 The Colonial Dispute......Page 124 Promoting Italy’s Cause......Page 127 From Crisis to Victory......Page 130 Conclusions......Page 134 Background......Page 136 The Adriatic and the Balkans in Italy’s War Aims......Page 139 Clashes over the Balkans in the Early Phase of the War......Page 147 From the Debate over the Policy of Nationalities to the End of Hostilities......Page 152 Valerie McGuire......Page 159 Imagining the Mediterranean......Page 162 The ‘City of the Aegean’ under Italian Occupation......Page 168 The Asia Minor Campaign: Integration and Annexation......Page 173 Paul O’Brien......Page 178 Spencer M. Di Scala......Page 200 Member of the Team: ‘Italian Democracy in the Making’......Page 202 Orlando and the Catholics......Page 203 The Debate over Intervention......Page 206 Minister of Justice (Again)......Page 207 Interior Minister......Page 210 The Question of Civilian Control of the Military......Page 212 ‘Presidente della Vittoria’......Page 216 Claudia Baldoli......Page 224 Catholic Neutralism......Page 225 Peasant Protest: the White Leagues......Page 228 Into the War......Page 235 Conclusion......Page 244 Giulia Albanese......Page 246 Early Post-War Period, Demobilization and Politics......Page 248 The Politics of Civil War and the Memory of the World War......Page 260 Conclusions......Page 265 Allison Scardino Belzer......Page 267 Women’s History and the Great War: Sources......Page 268 Women in Wartime Italy......Page 275 Models of Italian Femininity......Page 276 Real Women at the Italian Front......Page 281 The Religious Face of the War......Page 286 From the ‘Blessing of Arms’ to the ‘Useless Slaughter’......Page 290 Priests in Khaki......Page 293 Douglas J. Forsyth......Page 301 1 Some Initial Considerations......Page 323 2 Performance of the Italian Industrial Sector......Page 324 3 The Role of the State, Private Business and Workers in Industrial Mobilization......Page 327 4 Wartime Agricultural Production......Page 334 5 Agricultural Interests and Food Provisioning Policy: a Difficult Relationship......Page 338 Selena Daly......Page 343 The Interventionist Crisis, August 1914-May 1915......Page 345 On the Battlefield......Page 349 On the Home Front......Page 353 Avant-garde Artists and the Servizio Propaganda......Page 358 The Futurist Political Party and the Post-War Period......Page 361 Irene Lottini......Page 364 ‘The war, the real one’ ('La guerra, quella vera')......Page 366 ‘The marvellous patriotic-sentimental feature film’ (‘Il meraviglioso lungo metraggio patriottico-sentimentale’)......Page 372 Introduction......Page 385 Microcosms of Mourning and Commemoration of the Dead......Page 386 The Unknown Soldier......Page 388 War Memorials......Page 389 Pacifist-Socialist Cults of the Fallen......Page 393 Memorial Parks......Page 394 Local Monument Cult under Fascism......Page 395 Fascist Monument Policy in the 1930s......Page 398 Conclusion......Page 399 Timeline of Key Events, 1911-1922......Page 401 Bibliography......Page 405 Index......Page 416