Networking All-In-One For Dummies

Description

Your ultimate one-stop networking reference. Designed to replace that groaning shelf-load of dull networking books you’d otherwise have to buy and house, Networking All-in-One For Dummies covers all the basic and not-so-basic information you need to get a network up and running. It also helps you keep it running as it grows more complicated, develops bugs, and encounters all the fun sorts of trouble you expect from a complex system. Ideal both as a starter for newbie administrators and as a handy quick reference for pros, this book is built for speed, allowing you to get past all the basics—like installing and configuring hardware and software, planning your network design, and managing cloud services—so you can get on with what your network is actually intended to do. In a friendly, jargon-free style, Doug Lowe—an experienced IT Director and prolific tech author—covers the essential, up-to-date information for networking in systems such as Linux and Windows 10 and clues you in on best practices for security, mobile, and more. Each of the nine minibooks demystifies the basics of one key area of network management. • Plan and administrate your network • Implement virtualization • Get your head around networking in the Cloud • Lock down your security protocols The best thing about this book? You don’t have to read it all at once to get things done; once you’ve solved the specific issue at hand, you can put it down again and get on with your life. And the next time you need it, it’ll have you covered. Cover......Page 1 Title Page......Page 3 Copyright Page......Page 4 Table of Contents......Page 7 Introduction......Page 27 About This Book......Page 28 Icons Used in This Book......Page 29 Where to Go from Here......Page 30 Book 1 Getting Started with Networking......Page 31 Chapter 1 Welcome to Networking......Page 33 Defining a Network......Page 34 Why Bother with a Network?......Page 36 Sharing resources......Page 37 Sharing programs......Page 38 Servers and Clients......Page 39 Dedicated Servers and Peers......Page 40 What Makes a Network Tick?......Page 41 Putting the Pieces Together......Page 42 It’s Not a Personal Computer Anymore!......Page 44 The Network Administrator......Page 46 Chapter 2 Network Infrastructure......Page 49 Introducing Infrastructure......Page 50 Understanding Network Protocols and Standards......Page 51 Bus topology......Page 52 Star topology......Page 53 Expanding stars......Page 54 Mesh topology......Page 55 Twisted-pair cable......Page 56 Patch panels and patch cables......Page 57 Switches......Page 58 Perusing Ports, Interfaces, and MAC Addresses......Page 59 Pondering Packets......Page 61 Contemplating Collisions......Page 63 Examining Wireless Networks......Page 64 Chapter 3 Switches, Routers, and VLANs......Page 65 Understanding Switches......Page 66 Learning......Page 69 Forwarding......Page 70 Flooding......Page 71 Collision domains......Page 72 Bridging......Page 73 SFP ports and uplinks......Page 74 Managed and unmanaged switches......Page 75 Understanding Routers......Page 76 Virtual private network......Page 78 Understanding VLANs......Page 79 Chapter 4 Cybersecurity......Page 81 But We’re a Small Business — Do We Need Security?......Page 82 Prevention......Page 83 Recovery......Page 85 Cybersecurity Frameworks......Page 87 The NIST Cybersecurity Framework......Page 88 Understanding Network Operating Systems......Page 93 File-sharing services......Page 94 Directory services......Page 95 Security services......Page 96 What’s Important in a Server......Page 97 Service and support......Page 98 Processor......Page 99 Network interfaces......Page 100 Rack mount......Page 101 Blade servers......Page 102 Considering Virtualization......Page 103 Introducing Cloud Computing......Page 105 Looking at the Benefits of Cloud Computing......Page 106 Detailing the Drawbacks of Cloud Computing......Page 108 Applications......Page 109 Infrastructure......Page 110 Public Clouds versus Private Clouds......Page 111 Google......Page 112 Getting Into the Cloud......Page 113 Book 2 Understanding Network Protocols......Page 115 Understanding Protocols......Page 117 Understanding Standards......Page 119 Seeing the Seven Layers of the OSI Reference Model......Page 120 The physical layer......Page 121 The data link layer......Page 123 The network layer......Page 124 Logical addressing......Page 125 The transport layer......Page 127 The session layer......Page 128 The presentation layer......Page 129 Following a Packet through the Layers......Page 130 The Ethernet Protocol......Page 131 Standard Ethernet......Page 133 Beyond gigabit......Page 134 The TCP/IP Protocol Suite......Page 135 IP......Page 136 UDP......Page 137 Other Protocols Worth Knowing About......Page 139 What Is the Internet?......Page 141 A Little Internet History......Page 143 TCP/IP Standards and RFCs......Page 144 The TCP/IP Protocol Framework......Page 146 Network layer......Page 147 Application layer......Page 148 Counting by ones......Page 149 Doing the logic thing......Page 152 Working with the binary Windows Calculator......Page 153 Introducing IP Addresses......Page 154 The dotted-decimal dance......Page 155 Classifying IP Addresses......Page 156 Class A addresses......Page 158 Class C addresses......Page 159 Subnets......Page 160 Subnet masks......Page 161 Network prefix notation......Page 162 The great subnet roundup......Page 163 IP block parties......Page 165 Pondering Ports......Page 166 Understanding Network Address Translation......Page 168 Chapter 4 Routing......Page 171 Connecting to the Internet......Page 172 Connecting remote locations......Page 174 Splitting up large networks......Page 175 Understanding Routing Tables......Page 176 Understanding DHCP......Page 181 DHCP servers......Page 182 How DHCP actually works......Page 183 Understanding Scopes......Page 184 Scopes, subnets, and VLANs......Page 185 Feeling excluded?......Page 186 Reservations suggested......Page 187 Working with a DHCP Server......Page 188 Installing a Windows Server 2019 DHCP server......Page 189 Configuring a new scope......Page 190 How to Configure a Windows DHCP Client......Page 196 Renewing and releasing leases......Page 198 Understanding DNS Names......Page 199 Domains and domain names......Page 200 Fully qualified domain names......Page 202 Top-Level Domains......Page 203 Geographic domains......Page 204 The Hosts File......Page 206 Zones......Page 210 Primary and secondary servers......Page 212 Root servers......Page 213 Understanding DNS Queries......Page 216 A real-life DNS example......Page 217 Zone Files and Resource Records......Page 218 SOA records......Page 220 A records......Page 221 CNAME records......Page 222 MX records......Page 223 Reverse Lookup Zones......Page 224 Working with the Windows DNS Server......Page 225 Creating a new zone......Page 226 Creating a new host record......Page 229 How to Configure a Windows DNS Client......Page 230 Using the arp Command......Page 233 Using the hostname Command......Page 234 Displaying basic IP configuration......Page 235 Displaying detailed configuration information......Page 236 Releasing an IP lease......Page 237 Using the nbtstat Command......Page 238 Displaying connections......Page 239 Displaying interface statistics......Page 240 Looking up an IP address......Page 243 Using nslookup subcommands......Page 244 Displaying DNS records......Page 245 Taking a ride through DNS-Land......Page 247 Using the pathping Command......Page 250 Using the ping Command......Page 252 Using the route Command......Page 253 Displaying the routing table......Page 254 Modifying the routing table......Page 256 Using the tracert Command......Page 257 Book 3 Planning a Network......Page 261 Making a Network Plan......Page 263 Being Purposeful......Page 264 What you need to know......Page 265 Programs that gather information for you......Page 267 Considering Cable......Page 268 Surmising Switches......Page 269 Planning the Network Topology......Page 272 Planning the TCP/IP Implementation......Page 274 Drawing Diagrams......Page 275 More Questions Your Network Plan Should Address......Page 276 Connecting to the Internet......Page 279 Connecting with cable or DSL......Page 280 Connecting with T1 lines......Page 281 Connecting with fiber......Page 282 Choosing a Router......Page 283 Choosing an enterprise router......Page 284 Securing Your Connection with a Firewall......Page 286 Providing Redundancy for Your Internet Connection......Page 288 Securing Connections to Remote Locations and Remote Users......Page 289 Connecting Remote Offices with an Ethernet Private Line......Page 290 Deciding How Many Servers You Need......Page 293 Domain controllers......Page 294 Mail servers......Page 295 File servers......Page 296 Web servers......Page 297 Backup servers......Page 298 Update servers......Page 299 Connecting Your Servers......Page 300 Chapter 4 Virtualization Architecture......Page 303 Understanding Virtualization......Page 304 Understanding Hypervisors......Page 305 Understanding Virtual Disks......Page 307 Considering the Benefits of Virtualization......Page 310 Choosing Virtualization Hosts......Page 312 Understanding Windows Server 2019 Licensing......Page 313 Planning Disk Capacity......Page 315 Solid state drives......Page 317 SATA......Page 318 SAS......Page 319 RAID 10......Page 320 RAID 5......Page 321 Direct attached storage......Page 323 Storage area networks......Page 324 Network-attached storage......Page 325 Chapter 6 Backup Architecture......Page 327 Backup Basics......Page 328 Considering Three Basic Types of Backup......Page 329 Where to Back Up Your Data......Page 330 Looking closer at LTO......Page 331 Hardware for tape backup......Page 332 A word about tape reliability......Page 333 About cleaning the heads......Page 334 Using a Backup Appliance......Page 335 Understanding File-Based Backup......Page 336 Types of file-based backups......Page 337 Normal backups......Page 338 Copy backups......Page 339 Incremental backups......Page 340 Differential backups......Page 341 Backup Security......Page 342 Chapter 7 Hyperconverged Infrastructure......Page 345 Considering the Headaches of Traditional IT Architecture......Page 346 Defining Hyperconverged Infrastructure......Page 347 Discerning Deduplication......Page 349 Understanding How Deduplication Works......Page 350 Considering Backup......Page 352 Digging into HCI Clusters......Page 354 Incorporating HCI Into Your Plan......Page 355 Book 4 Implementing a Network......Page 357 Cable categories......Page 359 What’s with the pairs?......Page 360 When to use plenum cable......Page 361 Installation guidelines......Page 362 Getting the tools that you need......Page 363 Pinouts for twisted-pair cables......Page 365 Attaching RJ-45 connectors......Page 366 Wall jacks and patch panels......Page 367 Server rooms and distribution frames......Page 368 Installing Switches......Page 369 Installing a Wireless Access Point......Page 371 Basic configuration options......Page 372 DHCP configuration......Page 373 Connecting to a Wireless Network......Page 374 Intruders......Page 376 Freeloaders......Page 377 Eavesdroppers......Page 378 Rogue access points......Page 379 Changing the password......Page 380 Enabling WEP......Page 381 Using WPA and WPA2......Page 383 Using MAC address filtering......Page 384 Troubleshooting a wireless network......Page 385 Pinpointing the problem......Page 386 Fiddling with the antennas......Page 387 Adding another access point......Page 388 Help! I forgot my router’s password!......Page 389 Configuring Network Connections......Page 391 Joining a Domain......Page 397 Chapter 4 Mac Networking......Page 401 Basic Mac Network Settings......Page 402 Joining a Domain......Page 404 Connecting to a Share......Page 407 Configuring Network Printers......Page 409 Adding a network printer......Page 410 Accessing a network printer using a web interface......Page 412 Understanding VPN......Page 415 Looking at VPN Security......Page 417 Understanding VPN Servers and Clients......Page 418 Book 5 Implementing Virtualization......Page 421 Understanding the Hyper-V Hypervisor......Page 423 Understanding Hyper-V Virtual Disks......Page 424 Enabling Hyper-V......Page 425 Getting Familiar with Hyper-V......Page 426 Creating a Virtual Switch......Page 428 Creating a Virtual Disk......Page 430 Creating a Virtual Machine......Page 434 Installing an Operating System......Page 439 Looking at vSphere......Page 443 Getting Started with VMware Workstation Pro......Page 444 Creating a Virtual Machine......Page 446 Installing VMware Tools......Page 453 Chapter 3 Azure......Page 455 Looking at Azure Services......Page 456 Creating an Azure Account......Page 457 Examining the Azure Portal......Page 458 Creating a Windows Virtual Machine......Page 459 Managing an Azure Virtual Machine......Page 466 Connecting to an Azure Virtual Machine......Page 468 Chapter 4 Amazon Web Services......Page 471 Looking at What Amazon Web Services Can Do......Page 472 Creating an Amazon Web Services Account......Page 473 Examining the Amazon Web Services Console......Page 474 Creating a Windows Virtual Machine......Page 476 Managing an Amazon Web Services Virtual Machine......Page 484 Connecting to an Amazon Web Services Virtual Machine......Page 486 Introducing Desktop Virtualization......Page 489 Considering Two Approaches to Desktop Virtualization......Page 491 Looking at VMware’s Horizon View......Page 492 Looking at Citrix XenApp......Page 493 Book 6 Implementing Windows Server 2019......Page 497 Planning a Windows Server Installation......Page 499 Deciding whether to upgrade or install......Page 500 Thinking about multiboot......Page 501 Deciding your TCP/IP configuration......Page 502 Choosing workgroups or domains......Page 503 Disconnecting UPS devices......Page 504 Running Setup......Page 505 Adding Server Roles and Features......Page 510 Using the Administrator Account......Page 515 Enabling remote access......Page 516 Connecting remotely......Page 518 Working with MMC......Page 519 Taking an overview of the MMC consoles......Page 521 Customizing MMC......Page 522 What Directories Do......Page 525 PDCs and BDCs......Page 526 NetBIOS names......Page 527 Understanding How Active Directory Is Structured......Page 528 Domains......Page 529 Organizational units......Page 530 Forests......Page 531 Creating a New Domain......Page 532 Creating an Organizational Unit......Page 533 Understanding Windows User Accounts......Page 537 Creating a New User......Page 538 Setting User Properties......Page 542 Setting account options......Page 543 Specifying logon hours......Page 544 Restricting access to certain computers......Page 545 Setting the user’s profile information......Page 546 Resetting User Passwords......Page 547 Deleting a User......Page 548 Group types......Page 549 Group scope......Page 550 Default groups......Page 551 Creating a group......Page 552 Adding a member to a group......Page 553 Types of user profiles......Page 555 Roaming profiles......Page 556 Creating a Logon Script......Page 558 Understanding Permissions......Page 559 Understanding Shares......Page 561 Considering Best Practices for Setting Up Shares......Page 562 Managing Your File Server......Page 563 Using the New Share Wizard......Page 564 Sharing a folder without the wizard......Page 569 Granting permissions......Page 571 Understanding Group Policy......Page 575 Enabling Group Policy Management on Windows Server 2019......Page 576 Creating Group Policy Objects......Page 577 Filtering Group Policy Objects......Page 584 Chapter 7 Typing Windows Commands......Page 587 Opening and closing a command window......Page 588 Using the Control menu......Page 589 Wildcards......Page 590 Redirection and piping......Page 591 Environment variables......Page 592 Batch files......Page 594 The EventCreate Command......Page 595 Net Commands......Page 596 The Net Accounts command......Page 597 The Net Config command......Page 598 The Net File command......Page 599 The Net Group command......Page 600 The Net Helpmsg command......Page 602 The Net Localgroup command......Page 603 The Net Pause command......Page 604 The Net Share command......Page 605 The Net Statistics command......Page 607 The Net Stop command......Page 608 The Net Use command......Page 609 The Net User command......Page 611 The Net View command......Page 612 The RunAs Command......Page 613 Chapter 8 Using PowerShell......Page 615 Using PowerShell......Page 616 Understanding PowerShell Commands......Page 618 Using Parameters......Page 619 Getting Help......Page 621 Using Aliases......Page 623 Using the Pipeline......Page 625 Using Providers......Page 629 Using Scripts......Page 630 Book 7 Administering Microsoft Office 365......Page 635 Chapter 1 Getting Started with Office 365 Administration......Page 637 Introducing Office 365......Page 638 Considering Office 365 Plans......Page 639 Understanding Tenants......Page 641 Creating an Office 365 Tenant......Page 642 Creating a New User......Page 648 Resetting a User’s Password......Page 653 Disabling a User......Page 654 Chapter 2 Configuring Exchange Online......Page 657 Looking at Exchange Online Recipient Types......Page 658 Examining the Exchange Admin Center......Page 659 Managing Mailboxes......Page 662 Creating an email alias......Page 664 Delegating a mailbox......Page 665 Converting a standard mailbox to a shared mailbox......Page 668 Enabling or disabling mailbox apps......Page 670 Creating a forwarder......Page 671 Creating a Shared Mailbox......Page 673 Chapter 3 Administering Teams......Page 677 What Is Teams?......Page 678 A Brief Look at How Teams Works......Page 681 Microsoft 365 Group......Page 682 SharePoint......Page 683 OneDrive for Business......Page 685 Using the Teams Admin Center......Page 686 Managing Teams......Page 687 Book 8 Implementing Linux......Page 693 Checking system requirements......Page 695 Choosing a distribution......Page 696 Deciding on your TCP/IP configuration......Page 697 Installing Fedora Server......Page 699 Logging in......Page 709 Shutting down......Page 711 Playing the Shell Game......Page 712 Getting into Virtual Consoles......Page 713 Using a Remote Console......Page 714 Enabling the root User......Page 715 Using the sudo Command......Page 716 Looking at top-level directories......Page 717 Browsing the file system......Page 719 Using the RPM Package Manager......Page 720 Listing packages......Page 721 Installing packages......Page 722 Removing packages......Page 724 Updating packages......Page 725 Editing Text Files with Vi......Page 726 Starting vi......Page 727 Saving changes and quitting Vi......Page 728 Understanding Vi’s operating modes......Page 729 Moving around in a file......Page 730 Changing text......Page 731 Copying and pasting text......Page 732 Repeating commands......Page 733 Using Cockpit......Page 734 Managing User Accounts......Page 737 Using Cockpit to Configure Network Interfaces......Page 741 Working with Network Configuration Files......Page 745 The Network file......Page 746 The ifcfg files......Page 747 The Hosts file......Page 748 Displaying Your Network Configuration with the ifconfig Command......Page 749 Running a DHCP Server......Page 753 Configuring DHCP......Page 754 Starting DHCP......Page 756 named.conf......Page 757 named.ca......Page 760 Restarting BIND......Page 762 Understanding Samba......Page 765 Installing Samba......Page 766 Starting and Stopping Samba......Page 767 Editing the smb.conf File......Page 768 Creating a share......Page 770 Using the Samba Client......Page 771 Installing Apache......Page 773 Starting and Stopping Apache......Page 774 Opening the Firewall for Apache......Page 776 Confirming That Apache Is Running......Page 778 Looking at the httpd.config File......Page 779 Understanding Access Rules......Page 781 Configuring Virtual Hosts......Page 784 Chapter 7 Running Postfix......Page 787 Understanding Email......Page 788 Modifying main.cf......Page 789 Using SpamAssassin......Page 791 Installing SpamAssassin......Page 792 Block listing and friends listing email addresses......Page 793 Using the Mail Console Client......Page 794 Command Shell Basics......Page 797 Wildcards......Page 798 Redirection and piping......Page 799 Environment variables......Page 800 Running a command with root-level privileges......Page 801 The cd command......Page 802 The ls command......Page 803 The cp command......Page 805 The mv command......Page 806 The touch command......Page 807 The cat command......Page 808 The service command......Page 809 The useradd command......Page 811 The usermod command......Page 813 The passwd command......Page 814 The groupadd command......Page 815 The gpasswd command......Page 816 The chown command......Page 817 The chmod command......Page 818 The ifconfig command......Page 820 The netstat command......Page 821 The ping command......Page 823 The route command......Page 824 The traceroute command......Page 825 Book 9 Managing a Network......Page 827 Chapter 1 Welcome to Network Administration......Page 829 Knowing What Network Administrators Do......Page 830 Choosing the Part-Time Administrator......Page 831 Establishing Routine Chores......Page 832 Managing Network Users......Page 833 Patching Up Your Operating System and Software......Page 834 Discovering Software Tools for Network Administrators......Page 835 Building a Library......Page 836 Getting Certified......Page 837 CompTIA......Page 838 Cisco......Page 839 Gurus Need Gurus, Too......Page 840 Helpful Bluffs and Excuses......Page 841 Chapter 2 Managing Remotely......Page 843 Enabling Remote Desktop Connection......Page 844 Connecting Remotely......Page 845 Using Keyboard Shortcuts for Remote Desktop......Page 847 Configuring Remote Desktop Options......Page 848 Setting the Display options......Page 849 Setting the Local Resources options......Page 850 Setting the Experience options......Page 851 Setting the Advanced options......Page 852 Using Remote Assistance......Page 853 Enabling Remote Assistance......Page 854 Inviting Someone to Help You via a Remote Assistance Session......Page 855 Responding to a Remote Assistance Invitation......Page 858 Chapter 3 Managing Network Assets......Page 861 Introducing IT Asset Management......Page 862 Getting Organized......Page 863 What to Track......Page 865 Picking a Number......Page 866 Making Labels......Page 867 Using Asset-Tracking Software......Page 869 Other Sources of Asset-Tracking Information......Page 871 Chapter 4 Solving Network Problems......Page 873 When Bad Things Happen to Good Computers......Page 874 Fixing Dead Computers......Page 875 Ways to Check a Network Connection......Page 876 A Bunch of Error Messages Just Flew By!......Page 877 Time to Experiment......Page 878 Who’s on First?......Page 879 Restarting a Client Computer......Page 880 Booting in Safe Mode......Page 881 Using System Restore......Page 882 Restarting Network Services......Page 884 Restarting a Network Server......Page 885 Looking at Event Logs......Page 886 Documenting Your Trials and Tribulations......Page 887 Chapter 5 Managing Software Deployment......Page 889 Understanding Software Licenses......Page 890 Using a License Server......Page 893 Deploying software manually......Page 894 Running Setup from a network share......Page 895 Installing silently......Page 896 Creating an administrative installation image......Page 897 Keeping Software Up to Date......Page 898 Chapter 6 Managing Mobile Devices......Page 901 The Many Types of Mobile Devices......Page 902 Considering Security for Mobile Devices......Page 903 Understanding the iPhone......Page 904 Integrating iOS devices with Exchange......Page 905 Looking at the Android OS......Page 911 Perusing Android’s core applications......Page 912 Integrating Android with Exchange......Page 913 Book 10 Dealing with Cybersecurity......Page 915 Chapter 1 Securing Your Users......Page 917 Following Password Best Practices......Page 918 Securing the Administrator Account......Page 921 Understanding Multifactor Authentication......Page 922 Securing the Human Firewall......Page 923 Training......Page 924 Phish testing......Page 925 Chapter 2 Managing Firewalls and Virus Protection......Page 927 Firewalls......Page 928 Packet filtering......Page 929 Stateful packet inspection (SPI)......Page 931 Application gateway......Page 932 Firewall Best Practices......Page 933 The Built-In Windows Firewall......Page 934 Configuring Windows Defender Firewall with Group Policy......Page 936 Virus Protection......Page 942 What is a virus?......Page 943 Antivirus programs......Page 944 Safe computing......Page 946 Chapter 3 Dealing with Spam......Page 947 Defining Spam......Page 948 Sampling the Many Flavors of Spam......Page 949 Using Antispam Software......Page 950 Understanding Spam Filters......Page 952 Looking at Three Types of Antispam Software......Page 954 On-premises antispam......Page 955 Antispam appliances......Page 956 Cloud-based antispam services......Page 957 Minimizing Spam......Page 958 Chapter 4 Managing Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity Planning......Page 961 Assessing Different Types of Disasters......Page 962 Deliberate disasters......Page 963 Equipment failure......Page 964 Analyzing the Impact of a Disaster......Page 965 Developing a Business Continuity Plan......Page 966 Holding a Fire Drill......Page 967 Appendixes......Page 969 Certification......Page 971 Home and Small-Business Networking......Page 972 Magazines......Page 973 Network Standards Organizations......Page 974 TCP/IP and the Internet......Page 975 Wireless Networking......Page 976 Smartphones......Page 977 Appendix B Glossary......Page 979 Index......Page 1001