The Future of Trucks Implications for energy and the environment

Description

Acknowledgements Table of contents List of figures Liste of tables List of boxes Executive summary Introduction The role of trucks in the energy system Energy use and emissions from road freight vehicles Energy use Carbon dioxide emissions Air pollutant emissions Drivers of road freight activity Road freight activity and economic growth Vehicle activity, loads and mileages Vehicle stocks Sales of new heavy-duty trucks Regional trends The market for logistics services Road freight fuel intensity and policy frameworks Fuel intensity of road freight transport Market failures in road freight and policies to improve truck efficiency Green freight alliances Opportunities and barriers for reducing road freight energy demand and emissions growth Systemic improvements Measures with low barriers to adoption Measures with high barriers to adoption Improving vehicle efficiency Vehicle components with short payback periods (less than three years) Efficiency technologies with longer payback periods (more than three years) Alternative fuels and powertrains Natural gas Biofuels Electric trucks Hydrogen Comparing the costs of alternative vehicle and fuel technologies Long-term outlook and policy insights Defining the scenarios Reference Scenario Modern Truck Scenario Trends in the Reference Scenario Road freight activity Energy demand from road freight vehicles Greenhouse gas emissions Trends in the Modern Truck Scenario Key assumptions of the Modern Truck Scenario Road freight activity in the Modern Truck Scenario Energy demand from road freight vehicles in the Modern Truck Scenario Greenhouse gas emissions in the Modern Truck Scenario Investment needs: Saving money by hauling smarter Policy insights – The long haul to modernise road freight transport Key elements for modernising road freight transport Policy priorities Acronyms, abbreviations and units of measure References