A Political Economy of the Middle East

Description

A Political Economy of the Middle East is the most comprehensive analysis of developments in the political economy of the region over the past several decades, examining the interaction of economic development processes, state systems and policies, and social actors in the Middle East. The fourth edition, with new authors Melani Cammett and Ishac Diwan, has been thoroughly revised, with two new introductory chapters that provide an updated framework with which to understand and study the many changes in demography, education, labor markets, urbanization, water and agriculture, and international labor migration in the recent years. The new edition also includes: a new chapter that charts the political economy of the Gulf states and, in particular, the phenomenal growth of oil economies; a new chapter on the rise of "crony capitalism;" and increased coverage of the changes in civil society and social movements in the region, including an exploration of the causes, dynamics, consequences, and aftermath of the Arab uprisings. Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page CONTENTS List of Illustrations Preface Acronyms and Abbreviations 1 INTRODUCTION AND FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY The Arab Uprisings of 2011: How Did We Get There? Cross-Regional Variation in the Arab Uprisings A Political Economy Framework The Three Pillars of the Framework: The State, the Economy, and Society Resource Endowments and Political Development Prolonged Discontent: Toward a Political Economy of the Arab Uprisings The Role of Political Islam in the Arab Uprisings Conclusions 2 ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE AND SOCIAL OUTCOMES Long-Term Growth with Modest Results Three Phases of Development The Inheritance from the Past: The Effects of Fiscal Retrenchment Social Outcomes Conclusions: Performance Since the Revolutions and the Economic Challenges Ahead 3 POLITICAL REGIMES IN THE MIDDLE EAST Economies, Political Regimes, and Governance in the Middle East The Historical Foundations of State-Building in the Middle East Political Regimes in the Post-Independence Middle East Conclusions 4 THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE Comparative Demographic Patterns The Economic Consequences of Demographic Change How Labor Markets Adjusted in the Face of Large Population Growth The Politics of Young Populations Conclusions 5 HUMAN CAPITAL: HEALTH AND EDUCATION Social Sectors and Social Services Health Conditions Educational Systems Conclusions 6 WATER AND FOOD SECURITY The Food Gap Policy Constraints on Output Growth Water and the Imperative of a New Food Security Strategy Conclusions 7 THE RISE AND FALL OF STATE-LED DEVELOPMENT The State as Architect of Structural Transformation Atatürk and the Turkish Paradigm Replicating the Paradigm Contradictions of State-Led Growth The Resistance to Reforms Delaying Reforms and the Political Economy of Structural Adjustment Conclusions 8 STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT AND THE RISE OF CRONY CAPITALISM The Washington Consensus Critics of the Washington Consensus and Alternatives Around the World The Development of Crony Capitalism in the MENA Region A Survey of Country Experiences Conclusions 9 THE EFFECTS OF OIL ON DEVELOPMENT AND THE RISE OF THE GULF COOPERATION COUNCIL The Diverse Effects of Oil on Governance The Economics of Oil Conclusion: The Future of the GCC 10 WAR, CONFLICT, AND THE MILITARY IN THE MIDDLE EAST Military Spending and Development The Political and Economic Consequences of War and Militarization in the Middle East Political Settlements and the Military in the Middle East Conclusions 11 SOLIDARISM AND ITS ENEMIES: CIVIL SOCIETY AND SOCIAL MOVEMENTS IN THE MIDDLE EAST The Historical Record: Social Mobilization in the Middle East Mass Mobilization During the Arab Uprisings Formal and Informal Modes of Collective Action in the Middle East The Failure of Ideology Conclusions 12 IS ISLAM THE SOLUTION? Terminology and Typology Islamism as a Social Movement: Social Support Bases Islamism as a Social Movement: Collective Action Islamist Economic Thought and Practice Islamists in Power Conclusions 13 REGIONAL AND GLOBAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION Trade in Goods and Services The Formation of Oil Prices Capital Movement Labor Migration The Impact of Labor Migration on Sending Countries Conclusions 14 CONCLUSION References Index