The Political Theology of Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, and Reinhold Niebuhr: Essays in Political Theology and Christian Realism
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The realism in the political theology of Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, and Reinhold Niebuhr, is not simply a teaching in prudence, it is not in any way pessimism, and it is not a political program or strategy for the achievement of particular political goals. It is rather a philosophy of life, a religiously inspired wisdom, a set of principles for the vicissitudes of existence and politics. In addition to the main essay on the Christian Realist perspective of Augustine, Aquinas, and Niebuhr, this volume also includes essays on the political theology of Vladimir Soloviev, Semyon Frank, Fyodor Tyutchev, and Martin Luther. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................... 3 CHAPTER ONE: AUGUSTINE'S REALISM .......................................................... 18 I. THE CHRISTIAN REALIST APPROACH TO HISTORY .............................................. 18 II. THE REASONS FOR WAR ................................................................... 23 III. FEAR AND THE DANGERS OF ABSOLUTE VICTORY ............................................. 28 IV. THE REASONS FOR ROMAN DECLINE ......................................................... 32 V. THE VISIBLE AND THE INVISIBLE .......................................................... 41 VI. JERUSALEM: "VISION OF PEACE" .......................................................... 51 CHAPTER TWO: THOMAS AQUINAS' REALISM ...................................................... 60 I. REALISM AND FINAL GOOD ................................................................. 60 II. GOVERNMENT AND AUTHORITY .............................................................. 67 III. REALISM IN NATURAL LAW THEORY ........................................................ 78 CHAPTER THREE: REINHOLD NIEBUHR'S REALISM ................................................. 88 I. THE DANGERS OF LEGALISM ................................................................ 88 II. THE NATURE OF MAN: CLASSICAL, BIBLICAL, AND MODERN VIEWS............................... 95 III. THE ILLUSIONS OF POLITICAL UTOPIAS .................................................. 112 IV. THE CHRISTIAN REALIST PERSPECTIVE .................................................... 119 CONCLUSION ............................................................................... 132 ESSAYS IN POLITICAL THEOLOGY.............................................................. 135 WHAT IS CHRISTIAN POLITICS? .............................................................. 137 MARTIN LUTHER'S POLITICAL THEOLOGY: FREEDOM IS OBEDIENCE, JUSTICE IS LOVE...................................................................................... 173 RUSSIA AND THE WEST: FYODOR TYUTCHEV ON RUSSIAN EXCEPTIONALISM............................................................................ 198 STATE AND IDEOLOGY. NOTES ON NIEBUHR AND VOEGELIN ........................................ 245
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