Job (Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture)

Description

The book of Job presents its readers with a profound drama concerning innocent suffering. Such honest, forthright wrestling with the problem of evil and the silence of God has intrigued a wide gamut of readers both religious and nonreligious. Surprisingly, the earliest church fathers showed little interest in the book of Job. Not until Origen in the early third century is there much evidence of any systematic treatment of the book, and most of Origen's treatment is known to us only from the catenae. More intense interest came at the end of the fourth century and the beginning of the fifth. The excerpts in this Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture volume focus on systematic treatment. Among Greek texts are those from Origen, Didymus the Blind, Julian the Arian, John Chrysostom, Hesychius of Jerusalem, and Olympiodorus. Among Latin sources we find Julian of Eclanum, Philip the Priest, and Gregory the Great. Among Syriac sources we find Ephrem the Syrian and Isho'dad of Merv, some of whose work is made available here for the first time in English. In store for readers of this volume is a great feast of wisdom from the ancient resources of the church with fresh relevance for today. A Guide to Using This Commentary Pericopes of Scripture Overviews Topical Headings Identifying the Patristic Texts The Footnotes Abbreviations Introduction to Job The Biblical Text Used by the Fathers Editorial Note On the Present Commentary 1:1–5 The Holiness, Fatherly Love And Wealth Of Job 1:1 There Was a Man 1:2 Seven Sons and Three Daughters 1:3 A Great Man 1:4–5 Sanctifying His Children 1:6–19 Satan Obtains Leave To Tempt Job 1:6 Satan Comes Before God 1:7–8 Where Have You Come From? 1:9–10 Does Job Fear God for Nothing? 1:11–12 Stretch Out Your Hand 1:13–15 A Lone Servant Escapes 1:16 Sheep and Servants Destroyed 1:17 A Chaldean Raid 1:18–19 Job’s Children Die 1:20–22 Job Blesses God In His Affliction 1:20–21 Job Worships God 1:22 Job Did Not Sin 2:1–8 Satan Is Allowed To Inflict Sores On Job 2:1–2 God Questions Satan 2:3 Job Blameless and Upright 2:4–5 Skin for Skin! 2:6 Only Spare His Life 2:7 Job Afflicted with Loathsome Sores 2:8 Job Sat Among the Ashes 2:9–13 Job’s Friends Come To Console Him 2:9 Curse God, and Die 2:10 Job Did Not Sin with His Lips 2:11 Job’s Friends Came to Console Him 2:12–13 They Did Not Recognize Job 3:1–12 Job Curses The Day Of His Birth 3:1–2 Job Cursed the Day of His Birth 3:3 Let the Day Perish in Which I Was Born 3:6–7 Let That Night Be Barren 3:8 Cursing the Day 3:9 The Stars Darkened 3:10–12 Why Did I Not Die at Birth? 3:13–26 Job Invokes The Rest Of Death 3:13 Then I Would Be at Rest 3:14–16 Like a Stillborn Child 3:17–19 The Weary Rest 3:20–23 Life Given to Those Bitter in Soul 3:24–26 I Am Not at Ease 4:1–11 Eliphaz Exhorts Job To Be Patient 4:1–2 Eliphaz Ventures to Speak 4:3–5 Exhortation to Patience 4:6 Confidence Comes from Fear of God 4:7 Were the Upright Cut Off? 4:8–9 Consumed by God’s Anger 4:10–11 The Lion Dies for Lack of Prey 4:12–21 Eliphaz Relates His Vision And The Words That He Heard 4:12 A Word Came to Eliphaz 4:13–15 Dread Came upon Eliphaz 4:16 Hearing a Voice 4:17 Mortals Righteous Before God? 4:18–19 God Charges Angels and Humans with Error 4:20–21 They Perish Forever 5:1–7 The Fool Incurs Disaster 5:1 Will Anyone Answer You? 5:2 Vexation Kills the Fool 5:3 Fools Take Root 5:4–5 The Hungry Eat Their Harvest 5:6–7 Human Beings Born to Trouble 5:8–16 In Distress We Must Seek God 5:8 I Would Seek God 5:9–10 God Does Great Things 5:11 God Lifts Up the Lowly 5:12–13 Schemes Brought to an End 5:14–16 God Saves the Needy 5:17–27 Happiness After God’s Correction 5:17 The Discipline of the Almighty 5:18 God Wounds but Binds Up 5:19 God Delivers from Troubles 5:20 Redeemed from Famine and War 5:21 Not Fearing Destruction 5:22–24 Your Tent Is Safe 5:25–27 Ripe Old Age 6:1–7 Job Justifies The Bitterness Of His Complaints 6:1–2 Weighing Vexation 6:3–4 The Arrows of God 6:5 Braying over Grass 6:6 Food Without Flavor 6:8–14 Job Wishes For Death 6:8–10 That God Would Crush Me 6:11–14 What Is My Strength? 6:15–30 Job’s Disappointment Over His Friends 6:15 Treacherous Companions 6:16–18 Disappearing in Adversity 6:19–21 Fearing Job’s Calamity 6:22–24 A Plea for Understanding 6:25–26 Unjust Reproof 6:27 Bargaining over a Friend 6:28–30 I Will Not Lie to Your Face 7:1–10 Job’s Reflections Upon Human Life 7:1–4 Hard Service on Earth 7:5 Clothed with Worms and Dirt 7:6 Days That End Without Hope 7:7 My Life Is a Breath 7:8 I Shall Be Gone 7:9–10 Those Who Go Down to Sheol 7:11–21 Job Appeals To God For Deliverance 7:11–12 In Anguish of Spirit 7:13–14 Finding Comfort 7:15–16 I Loathe My Life 7:17–18 What Are Human Beings? 7:19–21 Why Have You Made Me Your Target? 8:1–7 Bildad Demonstrates That God Is Just 8:1–3 Does God Pervert Justice? 8:4 Delivered into the Power of Transgression 8:5–7 Small Beginning, Great Ending 8:8–22 The Experience Of Former Generations Proves That The Godless Shall Perish 8:8–10 Ask Past Generations 8:11–12 Nourishment Produces Fruit 8:13 Those Who Forget God 8:14–15 A House That Does Not Endure 8:16 The Wicked Thrive for a Time 8:17–18 They Live Among the Rocks 8:19 Others Spring from the Earth 8:20–22 God Will Not Reject the Blameless 9:1–13 Job Is Helpless Before God’S Power 9:1–2 Job Answers Bildad 9:3–4 Who Can Resist God? 9:5–6 The Power of God 9:7 God Commands the Sun and Stars 9:8–9 God Stretched Out the Heavens 9:10 Things Beyond Understanding 9:11–13 Who Will Question God? 9:14–35 Does Job Doubt God’S Justice? 9:14–16 Appeal for Mercy to My Accuser 9:17 Wounds Multiplied 9:18–19 A Contest of Strength 9:20–21 Blameless but Reproached 9:22–24 It Is All One 9:25–26 Days That Flee Without Seeing Good 9:27–28 Fear in Suffering 9:29–31 Cursed and Impure 9:32–33 Impossible to Come to Trial Together 9:34–35 Speaking Without Fear 10:1–17 Job Wonders What Is God’S Purpose In Afflicting Him 10:1 I Loathe My Life 10:2–3 Why Do You Contend Against Me? 10:4–7 Do You See As Humans See? 10:8–9 You Made Me 10:10–12 Clothed with Skin and Flesh 10:13 Things Hidden in Your Heart 10:14–15 If I Am Wicked, Woe to Me! 10:16–17 You Hunt Me Like a Lion 10:18–22 Prayer For A Brief Respite Before Death 10:18–22 A Plea to Be Let Alone 11:1–12 Only God Can Clearly See Human Sins 11:1–2 Should Words Go Unanswered? 11:3 Babbling and Being Shamed 11:4 Clean in God’s Sight 11:5–6 Telling the Secrets of Wisdom 11:7 The Deep Things of God 11:8–9 Higher Than Heaven 11:10–11 God Sees Iniquity 11:12 Gaining Understanding 11:13–20 The Blessing Of Repentance 11:13–14 Put Wickedness Far Away 11:15 Then You Will Not Fear 11:16 Your Affliction Will Pass Away 11:19–20 You Will Not Fear 12:1–6 Job’S Ironic Remarks On His Friends’ Wisdom 12:1–2 No Doubt You Are the People 12:3 Job Also Has Understanding 12:4–5 I Am a Laughingstock 12:6 The Wicked Are Secure 12:7–25 Job Recognizes God’S Omnipotence And Reflects On His Justice 12:7–10 Life and Breath Are in God’s Hand 12:11 The Ear Tests Words 12:12–13 Wisdom and Understanding 12:14–15 Waters Withheld or Sent Out 12:16–17 Strength and Wisdom with God 12:18–19 Overthrowing the Mighty 12:20–21 Contempt Poured on Princes 12:22 Bringing Darkness to Light 12:23–25 Making and Destroying Nations 13:1–12 Job Criticizes The Words Of His Friends 13:1–2 I Have Seen and Understood 13:3 I Desire to Argue My Case with God 13:4–5 If You Would Only Keep Silent! 13:6–7 Will You Speak Falsely for God? 13:8–10 God Will Rebuke 13:11–12 God’s Majesty Will Terrify Them 13:13–28 Job Pleads With God To Know His Sins 13:13–14 Job’s Life in His Own Hand 13:15 Job Will Defend His Ways 13:16 Job’s Salvation 13:17–19 I Shall Be Vindicated 13:20–21 Two Requests 13:22–24 Make Known My Sins 13:25–26 Bitter Things 13:27–28 Bounds Set 14:1–6 Human Life Is Frail And Short 14:1–2 Humans Frail and Fleeting 14:3 Bringing to Judgment 14:4–5 Clean from Unclean? 14:6 Look Away from Them 14:7–22 Is There Life After Death? 14:7–10 Cut Down but Sprouting Again 14:11–12 They Will Not Awake 14:13–14 Waiting for Release 14:15–17 Call and Answer 14:18–19 Mountains Fall 14:20–22 Pain and Mourning Only for Self 15:1–16 Eliphaz Accuses Job Of Impiety 15:1–3 How Should the Wise Answer? 15:4–6 You Condemn Yourself 15:7–10 Are You Ancient and Filled with Wisdom? 15:11–13 You Dare to Speak So? 15:14–16 God’s Purity 15:17–35 The Anguish Of The Wicked 15:17–19 What the Wise Have Said 15:20–24 The Wicked in Pain 15:25–27 The Wicked Opposed God 15:28–30 Living in Desolation 15:31–33 Emptiness for the Wicked 15:34–35 The Wicked Plot Deceit 16:1–6 Job Reproves His Friends For Their Unmerciful Attitudes 16:1–2 Miserable Comforters 16:3–4 I Could Talk As You Do 16:5–6 I Could Encourage You 16:7–22 In His Distress Job Asserts His Innocence 16:7–10 Worn and Desolate 16:11 Given to the Ungodly 16:12–15 God Like a Warrior 16:16–19 Do Not Cover My Blood 16:20–22 I Weep to God 17:1–16 Job Sees His Humiliation 17:1–2 Broken in Spirit 17:3–5 Who Will Make a Pledge for Me? 17:6–7 An Object of Scorn 17:8–9 The Righteous Appalled 17:10–12 No Sensible Person Found 17:13–15 Who Will See My Hope? 17:16 Descending into Dust 18:1–4 Bildad Reproaches Job For His Conceit 18:1–2 Consider Your Words 18:3 Considered Cattle 18:4 You Tear Yourself in Anger 18:5–21 Afflictions Overtake The Wicked 18:5–6 The Wicked Are Extinguished 18:7–9 Walking into a Trap 18:10–11 A Rope Hidden for Them 18:12 Hunger and Calamity for the Wicked 18:13–14 Consumed by Disease 18:15–16 The Wicked Dry Up 18:17–19 The Wicked Perish 18:20–21 The Place of the Wicked 19:1–22 Job’S Affliction Before God And Humankind 19:1–2 How Long Will You Torment Me? 19:3 Reproach and Wrong 19:4–7 God Has Put a Net Around Me 19:8–11 Darkness and Obstacles 19:12 Besieged 19:13–15 Estranged from Family and Friends 19:16–19 They Speak Against Me 19:20–22 Have Pity! 19:23–29 Job’S Hope In God The Redeemer 19:23–24 O That My Words Were Written Down! 19:25–27 My Redeemer Lives 19:28–29 Know There Is a Judgment 20:1–29 Zophar Explains That God’S Justice Never Fails 20:1–3 Hear My Words! 20:4–5 Shortlived Joy and Exultation 20:6–8 Hypocrites Will Perish Forever 20:9–10 They Will No Longer Be Seen 20:11–14 Bodies Lying Down in Dust 20:15 The Wicked Are Condemned 20:16–18 The Wicked Will Not Look on the Rivers 20:19–21 Gaining No Enjoyment 20:22–23 Misery Will Come on Them 20:24–25 Terrors 20:26–27 Devoured by Fire 20:28–29 The Day of God’s Anger 21:1–16 Job Considers The Prosperity Of The Wicked 21:1–3 Listen with Care 21:4–6 Dismayed in Soul 21:7–14 Why Do the Wicked Continue? 21:15–16 Why Serve the Almighty? 21:17–34 The Wicked Often Remain Unpunished In This World 21:17–18 The Lamp of the Wicked Extinguished 21:19–22 God Judges Those on High 21:23–26 Divine Justice 21:27–30 Are the Wicked Spared? 21:31–33 Who Repays the Wicked for Their Deeds? 21:34 Nothing Left but Falsehood 22:1–20 God Punishes Only In The Name Of Justice 22:1–2 Can the Wise Be of Service to God? 22:3–4 Does Your Righteousness Please the Almighty? 22:5–6 Exacting Pledges 22:7 Withholding Bread from the Hungry 22:8–9 Crushing Orphans and Widows 22:10–11 Terror and Darkness Overwhelm You 22:12–14 What Does God Know? 22:15–20 The Wicked and the Righteous 22:21–30 Eliphaz Exhorts Job To Agree With God 22:21–25 Good Will Come to You 22:26–30 Delighting in the Almighty 23:1–7 Job Seeks God’S Justice 23:1–2 My Complaint Is Bitter 23:3–7 Oh, That I Knew Where I Might Find Him 23:8–17 Job Follows God’S Path In His Afflictions 23:8–9 I Cannot Perceive God 23:10–12 God Knows My Way 23:13–15 I Dread God 23:16–17 Vanishing in Darkness 24:1–25 Violence And Iniquity Prevail On Earth 24:1–4 Times Kept by God 24:5 Like Wild Donkeys 24:6–8 Reaping in Others’ Fields 24:9–12b Wronging Others 24:12c–14a God Ignores Their Prayer 24:14b–18a Not Knowing the Light 24:18b–20 The Wicked Cursed 24:21–22a Harming the Defenseless 24:22b–24 Exalted Temporarily 24:25 Who Will Prove Me a Liar? 25:1–6 How Can A Mortal Be Righteous Before God? 25:1–2 Dominion with God 25:3–4 How Can a Person Be Righteous? 25:5–6 The Stars Impure 26:1–14 Job Scorns Bildad’s Words But Recognizes God’s Greatness 26:1–2 Condemning the Powerless 26:3–4 Foolish Counsel 26:5–6 The Deep Trembles Before God 26:7–9 God Suspends the World on Nothing 26:10 The Boundary Between Light and Darkness 26:11–12 The Pillars of Heaven 26:13 God Pierced the Serpent 26:14 Who Can Understand God’s Power? 27:1–7 Job Confirms His Absolute Sincerity 27:1–2 Job Speaks Again 27:3–4 I Will Not Speak Falsely 27:5–7 I Will Not Put Away My Integrity 27:8–23 Job Declares His Abhorrence Of Wickedness 27:8–10 The Godless Cast Off by God 27:11–13 What the Wicked Receive from God 27:14–15 Their Children Die 27:16–18 Their Silver Dispersed to Others 27:19–23 They Awake Impoverished 28:1–11 Human Beings Have Knowledge Of Natural Things 28:1–3 Silver and Gold 28:4 Far from Human Dwellings 28:5 The Qualities of the Earth 28:6 Sapphires and Gold 28:7–8 A Path Unknown to Birds of Prey 28:9–10a Overturning Rocks and Mountains 28:10b–11 Seeing Precious Things 28:12–28 Wisdom Belongs To God 28:12–14 Where Is Wisdom Found? 28:15–17 It Cannot Be Purchased 28:18–19 Wisdom’s Price Above Pearls 28:20–21 Where Does Wisdom Originate? 28:22 We Have Heard a Rumor of It 28:23–26 God Sees Everything 28:27–28 Fear of the Lord Is Wisdom 29:1–25 Job Recalls His Former Prosperity 29:1–2 Oh, That I Was As Before 29:3–5 Walking by God’s Light 29:6–7 Milk and Oil 29:8–9 Respected by All 29:10–12 Princes Hushed 29:13 Blessed by the Wretched 29:14 Clothed with Righteousness 29:15–17 Eyes to the Blind 29:18–19 Roots Spread to the Waters 29:20 My Glory Was Fresh with Me 29:21–24 People Listened to Job’s Counsel 29:25 I Chose Their Way 30:1–13 Now Honor Is Turned Into Humiliation 30:1 They Jeer at Me 30:2–4 They Lack Vigor 30:5–8 They Live in the Ground 30:9–11 They Mock Me 30:12–13 The Rabble Rise 30:14–31 Job’s Present Afflictions 30:14–15 Times of Terrors 30:16–17 Days of Affliction 30:18–20 Like Dust and Ashes 30:21–22 Cruelty and Persecution 30:23–24 Brought to Death 30:25–26 Evil Comes Rather Than Good 30:27–31 I Cry for Help 31:1–40 Job Declares That His Conduct Is Blameless 31:1–2 A Covenant with My Eyes 31:3–4 Calamity Falls on the Wicked 31:5 Falsehood and Deceit 31:6–8 Weighed in a Just Balance 31:9–10 Not Enticed 31:11–12 A Grievous Crime 31:13–15 All Created Equal Before Birth 31:16–18 Caring for Orphans and Widows 31:19–20 Caring for the Poor 31:21–23 Consequences of Neglecting the Poor 31:24–25 No Rejoicing in Wealth 31:26 No Idolatry 31:27–28 No Secret Enticement 31:29–30 Not Seeking Revenge 31:31–32 A Model of Philanthropy 31:33–34a Recognizing One’s Faults 31:34b–35b Oh, That I Had One to Hear Me! 31:35c–37 More Proof of Giving 31:38–40 Perceiving Injustice 32:1–14 Elihu’s Speech About Wisdom 32:1–3 Elihu’s Anger at Job 32:4–5 Elihu’s Anger at the Three Friends 32:6 Afraid to Give My Opinion 32:7–9 The Spirit in a Mortal 32:10–11 Listen to Me 32:12–14 No One Confuted Job 32:15–22 Elihu’s Zeal To Speak 32:15–16 Should I Wait to Speak? 32:17–19 I Will Answer 32:20–22 Speaking to Find Relief 33:1–13 Elihu Invites Job Not To Contend With God 33:1–3 Sincerity of Heart 33:4–5 Impelled by the Spirit of God 33:6–7 The Same Before God 33:8–11 Clean and Pure 33:12–13 Why Do You Contend Against God? 33:14–33 God Calls Mortals To Repentance In Different Ways 33:14–16 God Speaks in Different Ways 33:17–18 Kept from Pride 33:19–22 Chastened with Pain 33:23 One Who Can Make Humanity Upright 33:24–25 Deliverance from the Pit 33:26 Repaid for Righteousness 33:27–28 Redeeming the Soul 33:29–30 God Does All These Things 33:31–33 Teaching Wisdom 34:1–30 God The Almighty Never Acts Unjustly 34:1–3 Hear Me, Wise Men 34:4–6 Job Had Proclaimed His Innocence 34:7–8 Job a Companion of Evildoers 34:9 No Profit from Delighting in God 34:10–11 God Will Not Act Wickedly 34:12–13 God Will Not Pervert Justice 34:14–15 Life Comes from God’s Spirit 34:16–17 Righteous and Mighty 34:18–19 Showing No Partiality 34:20 Dying in a Moment 34:21–26 God Sees the Ways of People 34:27–28 Disregard for God’s Ways 34:29–30 Who Can Condemn? 34:31–37 Job’s Criticism Is Due To Ignorance 34:31–33 Enduring Punishment 34:34–35 Those with Sense 34:36–37 The Answers of the Wicked 35:1–8 It Is Wrong To Say That Righteousness Is Unavailing 35:1–2 What Is Just? 35:3–4 What Advantage Have I? 35:5 Look and Observe 35:6–7 What Did You Accomplish Against God? 35:8 Deeds Affect Others 35:9–16 Many Are Not Heard Because Of Their Infidelity 35:9–11 Where Is God? 35:12–13 The Pride of the Wicked 35:14 You Say You Do Not See God 35:15–16 Job’s Talk Is Empty 36:1–21 God’s Just Designs In Human Affliction 36:1–4 Asking for Patience 36:5–7 God’s Understanding 36:8–10 Openness to Instruction 36:11–12 Dying Without Knowledge 36:13 The Godless Do Not Seek God’s Help 36:14–15 Ending in Shame 36:16 A Place of No Constraint 36:17–21 Judgment and Justice 36:22–33 God’s Greatness And Infinite Wisdom 36:22–23 Who Is a Teacher Like God? 36:24–25 Looking at God 36:26–28 We Do Not Know God 36:29–30a Who Can Understand Clouds and Thunder? 36:30b–31 Covering the Roots of the Sea 36:32–33 God’s Way of Acting 37:1–13 The Effects Of God’s Voice On Nature 37:1 A Trembling Heart 37:2–4 The Thunder of God’s Voice 37:5–8 Commanding the Snow 37:9–10 Winds and Whirlwind 37:11 Clouds and Lightning 37:12–13 Accomplishing God’s Commands 37:14–24 Job Is Invited To Learn From Nature 37:14–16 Consider the Works of God 37:17–18 When the Earth Is Still 37:19 Teach Us 37:20–22 Bright Light in the Sky 37:23–24 We Cannot Find the Almighty 38:1–41 God Intervenes And Shows How Job Is Ignorant 38:1 Out of the Whirlwind 38:2 Words Without Knowledge 38:3 I Will Question, and You Will Answer 38:4–5 The Foundation of the Earth 38:6–7 The Morning Stars 38:8–9 Delimiting the Sea 38:10–11 Stopping the Waves 38:12–13 Commanding the Morning 38:14–15 Like Clay or a Garment 38:16–17 The Springs of the Sea 38:18–21 The Expanse of the Earth 38:22–24 The Storehouses of Snow 38:25–27 A Channel for Rain 38:28–30 Who Begets the Dew? 38:31–32 Binding or Loosing the Constellations 38:33 Can You Establish Ordinances? 38:36 Wisdom in the Inner Parts 38:37–38 Numbering the Clouds 38:39–41 Giving Food to the Lions 39:1–30 Further Demonstrations Of Job’s Ignorance 39:1–4 The Mountain Goats and Their Young 39:5–8 The Wild Donkey 39:9–12 The Wild Ox 39:13–18 The Ostrich and Its Young 39:19–25 The Might of the Horse 39:26 The Soaring Hawk 39:27–30 The Eagle 40:1–14 God Invites Job To Show His Power 40:1–2 A Faultfinder Must Answer God 40:3–5 What Shall I Answer You? 40:6–8 I Will Question You 40:9 Are You Like God? 40:10–11 Pour Out Your Anger 40:12–14 Tread on the Wicked 40:15–24 The Behemoth 40:15 Look at Behemoth 40:16–19 Its Strength and Power 40:20–24 Under the Lotus Plants 41:1–34 God’s Power Rules The Leviathan And All Creatures 41:1–2 Can You Control Leviathan? 41:3–4 Will It Speak Gently to You? 41:5–6 Will You Treat It As a Pet? 41:7–9 Can You Capture It? 41:10–12 Who Can Stand Before It? 41:13 Leviathan’s Double Coat of Mail? 41:14–15 The Doors of Its Face 41:16–17 What Cannot Be Separated 41:18–21 Light Flashes from Its Sneezes 41:22–24 Producing Terror 41:25–26 Raising Itself Up 41:27–30 Iron as Straw 41:31–33 The Deep Boils 41:34 King over the Proud 42:1–6 Job Repents Before God 42:1–3 God’s Purpose Cannot Be Thwarted 42:4–5 Hear, and I Will Speak 42:6 I Repent in Dust and Ashes 42:7–10 God Rebukes Job’s Friends 42:7 God’s Anger Against the Three Friends 42:8 A Sacrifice 42:9–10 God Accepts Job’s Prayer 42:11–17 Job Is Finally Rehabilitated 42:11 Job’s Siblings Eat with Him 42:12 Job Blessed More Than at the Beginning of His Life 42:13–15 Job’s Daughters 42:16–17 And Job Died Appendix Early Christian Writers and the Documents Cited Bibliography of Works in Original Languages Bibliography of Works in English Translation Authors/Writings Index Subject Index Scripture Index