Resilient Infrastructure: Select Proceedings of VCDRR 2021

Description

This book presents the select proceedings of the Virtual Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction (VCDRR 2021). This book discusses various relevant topics such as Disaster resilience and Infrastructure, Risk reduction and structural measures, Evidence based approach for DRR Case studies, Numerical modelling and Constructions methods, Prevention Methods and Safety Engineering, Cross cutting issue in DRR and Infrastructure etc. The book is also a comprehensive volume on multi-hazards and their management for a sustainable built environment. This book will be useful for academicians, research scholars and industry professionals working in the area of civil engineering and disaster management. Preface Contents About the Editors Resilient Infrastructures and Disaster Risk Reduction—An Introduction 1 Introduction and Background 2 Disaster Resilience and Infrastructure 3 Risk Reduction and Structural Measures 4 Evidence-Based Approach for DRR Case Studies 5 Numerical Modeling and Constructions Methods 6 Prevention Methods and Safety Engineering 7 Cross-Cutting Issue in DRR and Infrastructure 8 Summary References Disaster Resilience and Infrastructure Disaster Resilience of Infrastructures—A Comprehensive Concept with Case Studies 1 Introduction 1.1 Disaster Risk Management and Risk Reduction 2 Dedicated Engineering Offers—SWOT Analysis 2.1 Strength 2.2 Weakness 2.3 Opportunity 2.4 Threat 3 Case Study 3.1 End-to-end Early Warning System for Surat City 3.2 Groundwater Management in Drought-prone Areas: A Case of Pani Panchayat, Maharashtra 4 Conclusions References Thickness Optimization of RC Jacket Applied as a Seismic Retrofit Measure on RC Structural Members to Effectively Resist Earthquake Loads 1 Introduction 2 Assessment of Optimum Thickness of the RC Jacket Applied to Retrofit Distressed RC Structural Members Having Varied Degrees of Damage 2.1 Preliminary Data of the Structure 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Flood Resilience Quantification for Housing Infrastructure Using Analytic Hierarchy Process 1 Introduction 2 Implementation of the Developed Framework 2.1 The Resilience Quantification Framework 2.2 Implementation of the Framework 3 Results 4 Conclusion References Feasibility of Post-Cyclone Portable Relief Shelter: Case of Odisha 1 Introduction 1.1 What is Cyclone? 1.2 The Context of Odisha 1.3 The Government Mitigation Plan 1.4 The Aftermath of Cyclone 2 The Need for the Temporary Shelter 3 Literature Study 3.1 Development of the Parameters for Material 3.2 Development of Structural System 4 Proposed Prototype Design 4.1 Description of Material 4.2 Description of Structural System 4.3 Description of Transportation System 5 Feasibility Test of Prototype Design 5.1 Structural System Factor 5.2 Material Factor 5.3 Economy Factor 5.4 Maintenance 6 Conclusion References An Explorative Study on Material Feasibility for Relief Shelter for Refugees 1 Introduction 1.1 Objectives of Research 1.2 Background Study 1.3 Current Scenarios of Refugees 1.4 Material Consideration for Refugee Shelters 2 Methodology 3 Literature Review 3.1 Case Studies 3.2 Case Study Analysis 4 Material Data Collection and Analysis 4.1 Material Feasibility 4.2 Properties of the Material—Steel 4.3 Simulation 5 Formulation of Design Guidelines 6 Conclusion References Situational Analysis to Understand the Need to Disseminate Weather Forewarnings and Develop Critical Infrastructures for Minimizing Crop Loss: Parambikulam Aliyar Basin, Tamil Nadu 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Study Area 3 Methodology 4 Results and Discussion References Parametric Study of Cold-Formed Lipped Channel Flexural Members Under Fire Hazard 1 Introduction 2 Description of FE Model 2.1 Material, Geometric Imperfection, and Residual Stresses 2.2 Analysis Type 2.3 Finite Element Meshing and Element Type 2.4 Load and Boundary Condition 3 Validation Study 4 Parametric Study 5 Results and Conclusion 6 Notations References COVID-19 Future Proof Infrastructure 1 Introduction 2 Precautions at the Construction Site 3 Buildings Focused 4 The Structural Elements that Are Discussed Are Follows with the Plan, Section and Technology Adopted 4.1 Plan 4.2 Entrance 4.3 Walls 4.4 Indoors 4.5 Floors 4.6 Roofs 4.7 Restroom 4.8 Doors 5 Conclusion References Risk Reduction and Structural Measures Role of Cold Form Steel in Covid-19 Infra Structure 1 Covid 19 2 Cold Form Steel (CFS) 2.1 Necessity of Cold Form Steel in Covid Infrastructure 2.2 Ease of Construction 3 Typical Covid Infrastucture Using CFS 3.1 Structural Design and Analysis 3.2 Production of Components 3.3 Assembly of Components 3.4 Gravel Filling 3.5 Footings 3.6 Wall Panels 3.7 Roof Panels 3.8 Connections 4 Conclusions References Fragility Analysis for Frame with RC and Steel-composite Shear Wall 1 Introduction 2 Structural Model 3 Nonlinear Modelling 3.1 Effective Stiffness 4 Material Nonlinearity 5 Geometric Nonlinearity 6 Nonlinear Analysis 6.1 Nonlinear Static Analysis (NSA) 6.2 Capacity Spectrum Method (CSM) 7 Fragility Analysis 7.1 Fragility Function 7.2 Damage States and Variability 8 Result 8.1 Fundamental Time Periods 8.2 Capacity Spectrum 8.3 Fragility Curves 9 Conclusion References Development of VC++ Wrapper for Structural Modeling in OpenSEES 1 Introduction 2 VC++ Wrapper Implementation 3 Additional Libraries Added to OpenSEES in VC++ 3.1 Armadillo Library 3.2 MATLAB Engine Library 3.3 Other Miscellaneous Libraries 4 Illustrative Examples 5 Summary and Conclusions References A State-of-the-Art Review on Methods of Retrofitting in Building Structural Members—A Comprehensive Review 1 Introduction 2 Retrofitting of Building Structural Members 2.1 Beams 2.2 Columns 2.3 Slabs 2.4 Load-Bearing Walls 3 Future Studies and Recommendations 4 Conclusion References Rehabilitation and Retrofitting of Structural Elements Using Various Fibers 1 Introduction 1.1 Objectives of the Study 2 Model Description 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusion References Evaluation of Failure Criteria in RC Structural Elements Due to Additional Internal Stresses Developed in Structural Elements Due to Temperature Exposure 1 Introduction 2 Assessment of Additional Internal Forces Developed in Structural Members Exposed to High Temperature 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Retrofitting of Distressed RC Structures Using Near Surface Mounted Reinforcement 1 Introduction 2 Application of Near Surface Mounted Reinforcement Adopting CFRP Rods Applied as Seismic Retrofit on the Distressed RC Structure 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Results of the Distressed RC Structure Subjected to Earthquake Loads Retrofitted with Near Surface Mounted Reinforcement and RC Jacket 4 Conclusion References Evidence Based Approach for DRR Case Studies Analytical Investigation of Infilled Frames with Openings Under Static Loading 1 Introduction 2 Modeling and Analysis 2.1 Details of Models Used 2.2 Details of Frame Model 2.3 Modeling of Frame 3 Comparison of Results 3.1 Lateral Displacement 3.2 Stiffness 3.3 Lateral Load 3.4 Bending Moment 4 Conclusion References Behaviour of Doubly Symmetric Built-Up Cold-Formed Steel Beams 1 Introduction 1.1 Objectives of the Study 2 Theoretical Study 3 Analytical Study 4 Experimental Study 4.1 Experimental Test Setup 4.2 Modes of Failure 4.3 Experimental Test Results 5 Interpretation of Theoretical, Analytical and Experiment Results 6 Conclusion References Behavior of Ordinary Load-Bearing Masonry Structure Under Distant Large Explosion, Beirut Scenario 1 Introduction 2 Numerical Modeling 2.1 Air-Blast Loading 2.2 Concrete-Damaged Plasticity (CDP) Model 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusion References Determination Method of the Structural Strength of Deep Reinforced Concrete Beams Using ANSYS Software 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 A theory basic of the Concrete 2.2 A Theory Basic of Reinforcement 2.3 A Geometrical Model of the Structure 2.4 A Process of Structural Simulation Method by ANSYS Workbench 2019 R3 Software 3 Results 4 Conclusion References Analytical Investigation on Progressive Collapse of 3-D Reinforced Concrete Frames Under High Temperature 1 Introduction 2 Previous Works on Progressive Collapse 3 Modeling and Analysis 4 Comparison of Results 4.1 Axial Force on Heated Column 4.2 Column Deformation 4.3 Stiffness of the Heated Column 4.4 Bending Moment 4.5 Shear Force 4.6 Slab Deflection 5 Conclusion References Study on Fatigue Response of Concrete and Its Effect on Life-Cycle Behavior of Concrete Structures 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Details 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Study on Behaviour of Diagrid System on a G+36 High Raised Building 1 Introduction 2 Model Specifications 3 Seismic Evaluation 3.1 Pushover Method 3.2 Response Spectrum Method 3.3 Performance Point 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Storey Displacement 4.2 Pushover Curve 4.3 Performance Point 5 Conclusions References A Comparative Study of Flat Slab, Waffle Slab and Post-tensioned Slab Under the Action of Dynamic Loads 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Structural Parameters 2.2 Seismic Parameters 2.3 Material Properties 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Check for Punching Shear 3.2 Long-Term and Short-Term Defections of Flat Slab 3.3 Long-Term and Short-Term Defections of Waffle Slab 3.4 Response Spectrum 3.5 Storey Forces 3.6 Spectrum X 3.7 Storey Stiffness 3.8 Response Spectrum Case 4 Conclusions References Numerical Studies on Construction Methods Numerical Study of GFRP Strengthened Brick Masonry Wallette 1 Introduction 2 Numerical Approach 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Model Description 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusions References Numerical Analysis of Geotextile-Strengthened Shear Critical RC Beam 1 Introduction 2 Material Properties 3 Finite Element Modelling 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Failure Patterns 4.2 Energy Dissipation Capacity 5 Conclusions References Prevention Methods and Safety Engineering Vulnerability of Railway Switches and Crossings Exposed to Flooding Conditions 1 Introduction 2 Numerical Model 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 The Effect of Surface Water Level on Cross-Level at Turnouts 3.2 The Effect of Washed Away Ballast at Switch Panel 3.3 The Effect of Washed Away Ballast at Crossing Panel 4 Conclusions References Stability Assessment of a Fire-damaged Retrofitted RC Structure Having Vertical Irregularity 1 Introduction 2 Analysis of RC Structure Subjected to High-temperature Fire 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Results of Set 1 Models in ETABS 3.2 Results of Set 2 Models in ETABS 3.3 Finite Element Analysis Results of the Slender RC Column Supporting the Mezzanine Floor Having Vertical Irregularity Exposed to High Temperature 4 Conclusion References Computational Fluid Dynamic Analysis in Dam Spillway Due to Sector Gate Opening 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Pre-Processing 2.2 Numerical Simulation 2.3 Post-Processing 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) to Detect Combined Defects of Infrastructure in the Railway System 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Building Information Modeling (BIM) 2.2 Artificial Intelligence (AI) 3 Methodology 3.1 BIM Model Development 3.2 Data Preparation and Characteristic 3.3 AI Model Development 4 Result and Discussion 4.1 The First Approach: One Model for Detecting Both Dipped Joint and Settlement 4.2 The Second Approach: Two Individual Models for Detecting Dipped Joint and Settlement Separately 5 Conclusion References Cross Cutting Issue in DRR and Infrastructure Blast Performance of RCC Slab and Influence of Its Design Parameters 1 Introduction 2 Numerical Modeling 2.1 Blast Loading 2.2 Concrete Modeling 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 For Combination A 3.2 For Combinations A-C 3.3 For Combinations D-F 4 Conclusions References Self-Flowable Rich Cementitious Matrices for Ferrocement Jacketed Beam-Column Joint 1 Introduction 2 Test Programme for Beam-Column Joint 2.1 Materials 2.2 Preparation of Beam-Column Joint 2.3 Experimental Testing of Beam-Column Joint 2.4 Process of Ferrocement Jacketing 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Behaviour of Beam-Column Joint Specimens 3.2 Stiffness 3.3 Ductility 3.4 Energy-Absorption Capacity 3.5 Crack Pattern and Failure Mode 4 Conclusion References An Experimental Investigation on Applications of Fiber-Reinforced Composites for Rehabilitation of Concrete Beams 1 Introduction 1.1 Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) 2 Application of FRP 3 FRP Rehabilitation of Various Types 4 Experimental Work 5 Photographs of Experimental Work 6 Conclusion References Two-Layered Steel Fiber Concrete Beam with Concrete Grade Change in Layers 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Beam Design Model and Testing 2.2 Establish a Finite Element Model for Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beams in ANSYS 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Experiments (EXP) and ANSYS Simulations 3.2 Impact of Concrete Gradation Changes in Layers of Two-Layered Beams 4 Conclusion References Effective Peripheral Distribution of Base Isolators for Plan Asymmetric Buildings to Minimise Torsion 1 Introduction 2 Building Models Description 2.1 Fixed Base Buildings 2.2 Base Isolated Buildings 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Modal Analysis 3.2 Time History Analysis 4 Conclusion and Future Scope References Highways Upgradation in the Hilly Areas and Its Impact—An Example of Uttarakhand 1 Introduction 2 Important Issues to Be Considered Before Upgradation/Widening of Highway 2.1 Landslide Susceptibility 2.2 Road Width 3 Man-made Disasters 3.1 Condition of Uphill Slopes Due to Widening of National Highway 3.2 Dumping Yards 3.3 Drainage Measures 3.4 Natural Springs 4 Conclusions References Out-of-plane Response of Clay Brick Unreinforced and Strengthened Masonry Walls Under Explosive-induced Air-blast Loading 1 Introduction 2 Numerical Modeling 2.1 Micro-modeling 2.2 Material Model 2.3 Air-blast Loading 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusion References Particle Image Velocimetry Dynamic Analysis on the Penstock Vortex Flow for the Dam Reliability Study 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Construction of Scaled-Down Penstock Hydraulic Model 2.2 Construction of Scaled-Down Penstock Hydraulic Model 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Performance of Base-Isolated RC Building Under Surface Blast Loading 1 Introduction 2 Theory 2.1 Modelling of the Building 2.2 Blast Loading 2.3 Base-Isolation Technique 3 Numerical Study 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusions References Influence of Charge Locations on Close-in Air-blast Response of Pre-tensioned Concrete U-girder 1 Introduction 2 Numerical Modeling 2.1 Concrete-Damaged Plasticity (CDP) Model 2.2 Air-blast Loading 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusion References