Diagnostic Imaging ; Breast

Description

Covering the entire spectrum of this fast-changing field, Diagnostic Imaging: Breast, third edition, is an invaluable resource not only for radiologists, but for all health care professionals involved in the management of breast disease. From screening and diagnostic mammography and tomosynthesis, ultrasound, and MR to contrast-enhanced mammography and molecular imaging, Drs. Wendie Berg and Jessica Leung, along with their expert author team, provide carefully updated information in a concise, bulleted format. Thousands of high-quality illustrations highlight not only image acquisition and interpretation, but also screening guidelines, breast anatomy, genetic testing, image-guided procedures, determining the extent of disease and much more. This book provides essential, clinically-focused details for everyday breast imaging. Front Cover......Page 1 Diagnostic Imaging: Breast......Page 5 Copyright Page......Page 6 Dedications......Page 7 Contributing Authors......Page 8 Foreword......Page 10 Preface......Page 12 Acknowledgments......Page 15 Sections......Page 17 Table of Contents......Page 18 Abbreviations Index......Page 24 SECTION 1: Anatomy and Normal Variants......Page 35 ANATOMY IMAGING ISSUES......Page 36 ANATOMY IMAGING ISSUES......Page 40 ANATOMY IMAGING ISSUES......Page 48 IMAGING PRINCIPLES......Page 52 ANATOMY IMAGING ISSUES......Page 58 MAJOR LYMPH NODE GROUPS......Page 66 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 67 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 74 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 80 Chapter 9. Axillary Breast Tissue......Page 86 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 87 Chapter 10. Pectoralis Muscle and Chest Wall Variants......Page 90 PATHOLOGY......Page 91 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 92 Chapter 11. Sternalis Muscle......Page 94 PATHOLOGY......Page 95 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 96 SECTION 2: Imaging......Page 101 Overdiagnosis/Overtreatment......Page 102 Supplemental Screening......Page 103 Selected References......Page 104 Chapter 13. Screening Mammography......Page 108 IMAGING......Page 109 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 110 Chapter 14. Diagnostic Mammography......Page 114 PATHOLOGY......Page 115 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 116 Chapter 15. Mammography Positioning......Page 120 IMAGING......Page 121 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 122 Chapter 16. Tomosynthesis......Page 124 IMAGING......Page 125 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 126 Chapter 17. Breast Density......Page 130 CLINICAL ISSUES......Page 131 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 132 Chapter 18. Ultrasound......Page 136 TERMINOLOGY......Page 137 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 138 Chapter 19. Magnetic Resonance Imaging......Page 142 IMAGING......Page 143 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 144 Chapter 20. Interval Cancers......Page 148 PATHOLOGY......Page 149 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 150 Chapter 21. Missed Cancers......Page 154 IMAGING......Page 155 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 156 Chapter 22. Screening at Age Extremes ( 70 Years)......Page 160 CLINICAL ISSUES......Page 161 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 162 Chapter 23. Screening in 5th Decade (40-49 Years)......Page 164 CLINICAL ISSUES......Page 165 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 166 Chapter 24. Screening Intervals: Annual vs. Biennial......Page 168 CLINICAL ISSUES......Page 169 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 170 Chapter 25. Screening Ultrasound......Page 172 CLINICAL ISSUES......Page 173 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 174 Chapter 26. Automated Breast Ultrasound......Page 178 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 179 Chapter 27. Elastography......Page 182 PATHOLOGY......Page 183 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 184 Chapter 28. Risk Assessment Models......Page 186 CLINICAL ISSUES......Page 187 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 188 Chapter 29. Indications and Management of Genetic Testing......Page 190 HIGH RISK OF BREAST CANCER......Page 191 CONSIDERATIONS IN GENETIC TESTING......Page 192 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 193 Chapter 30. BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers......Page 194 PATHOLOGY......Page 195 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 196 Chapter 31. Screening MR......Page 200 IMAGING......Page 201 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 202 Chapter 32. Abbreviated Breast MR......Page 204 IMAGING......Page 205 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 206 Chapter 33. Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (MR)......Page 208 IMAGING......Page 209 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 210 Chapter 34. MR Spectroscopy......Page 212 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 213 Chapter 35. CAD and Double Reading: Mammography and Tomosynthesis......Page 214 CLINICAL ISSUES......Page 215 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 216 Chapter 36. Contrast-Enhanced Mammography......Page 218 IMAGING......Page 219 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 220 Chapter 37. Molecular Breast Imaging (MBI and BSGI)......Page 222 DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST......Page 223 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 224 Chapter 38. Dedicated Breast PET (PEM)......Page 228 IMAGING......Page 229 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 230 Chapter 39. PET/CT......Page 234 IMAGING......Page 235 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 236 SECTION 3: Interpretive Criteria......Page 239 Comparison......Page 240 Assessment Categories......Page 241 Selected References......Page 242 Chapter 41. Mammography BI-RADS Lexicon and Usage......Page 246 PATHOLOGY......Page 247 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 248 Chapter 42. Probably Benign Lesions......Page 250 IMAGING......Page 251 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 252 Chapter 43. Ultrasound BI-RADS Lexicon and Usage......Page 256 PATHOLOGY......Page 257 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 258 Chapter 44. MR BI-RADS Lexicon and Usage......Page 260 PATHOLOGY......Page 261 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 262 Chapter 45. Molecular Breast Imaging Lexicon (Includes BSGI)......Page 264 PATHOLOGY......Page 265 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 266 Chapter 46. Breast PET Lexicon and Usage......Page 270 PATHOLOGY......Page 271 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 272 SECTION 4: Lesion Imaging Characteristics......Page 276 Chapter 47. Circumscribed and Obscured Margins......Page 278 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 279 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 280 Chapter 48. Fat-Containing Mass......Page 284 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 285 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 286 Chapter 49. High-Density Mass......Page 290 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 291 Chapter 50. Indistinct Margins......Page 294 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 295 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 296 Chapter 51. Intramammary Lymph Node......Page 298 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 299 Chapter 52. Microlobulated Margins......Page 302 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 303 Chapter 53. Spiculated Margins......Page 306 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 307 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 308 Chapter 54. Typically Benign Calcifications......Page 310 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 311 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 312 Chapter 55. Round Calcifications......Page 316 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 317 Chapter 56. Milk of Calcium......Page 320 IMAGING......Page 321 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 322 Chapter 57. Punctate Calcifications......Page 324 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 325 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 326 Chapter 58. Amorphous Calcifications......Page 328 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 329 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 330 Chapter 59. Coarse Heterogeneous Calcifications......Page 332 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 333 Chapter 60. Fine Pleomorphic Calcifications......Page 336 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 337 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 338 Chapter 61. Fine Linear Calcifications......Page 340 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 341 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 342 Chapter 62. Diffuse Distribution of Calcifications......Page 346 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 347 Chapter 63. Grouped Distribution of Calcifications......Page 350 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 351 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 352 Chapter 64. Regional Distribution of Calcifications......Page 356 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 357 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 358 Chapter 65. Linear Distribution of Calcifications......Page 362 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 363 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 364 Chapter 66. Segmental Distribution of Calcifications......Page 368 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 369 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 370 Chapter 67. Architectural Distortion......Page 374 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 375 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 376 Chapter 68. Asymmetries......Page 380 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 381 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 382 Chapter 69. Developing Asymmetry......Page 386 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 387 Chapter 70. Duct Ectasia......Page 390 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 391 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 392 Chapter 71. Multiple Bilateral Similar Findings......Page 394 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 395 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 396 Chapter 72. One-View-Only Findings......Page 400 IMAGING......Page 401 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 402 Chapter 73. Solitary Dilated Duct......Page 406 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 407 Chapter 74. Trabecular Thickening, Edema......Page 410 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 411 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 412 Chapter 75. Calcifications (US)......Page 416 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 417 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 418 Chapter 76. Clustered Microcysts (US)......Page 422 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 423 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 424 Chapter 77. Complex Cystic and Solid Masses (US)......Page 428 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 429 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 430 Chapter 78. Complicated Cyst With Debris (US)......Page 434 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 435 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 436 Chapter 79. Cyst, Simple (US)......Page 440 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 441 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 442 Chapter 80. Echogenicity: Anechoic (US)......Page 444 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 445 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 446 Chapter 81. Echogenicity: Hyperechoic (US)......Page 448 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 449 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 450 Chapter 82. Echogenicity: Hypoechoic (US)......Page 454 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 455 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 456 Chapter 83. Echogenicity: Isoechoic (US)......Page 458 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 459 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 460 Chapter 84. Echogenic Rim (US)......Page 462 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 463 Chapter 85. Echogenicity: Heterogeneous/Mixed (US)......Page 466 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 467 Chapter 86. Intraductal Mass (US)......Page 470 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 471 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 472 Chapter 87. Lesion Orientation (US)......Page 476 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 477 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 478 Chapter 88. Margins, Not Circumscribed (US)......Page 482 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 483 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 484 Chapter 89. Posterior Features (US)......Page 486 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 487 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 488 Chapter 90. Background Parenchymal Enhancement (MR)......Page 492 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 493 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 494 Chapter 91. Kinetic Assessment (MR)......Page 496 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 497 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 498 Chapter 92. T2 Hyperintensity (MR)......Page 502 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 503 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 504 Chapter 93. Dark Internal Septations (MR)......Page 508 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 509 Chapter 94. Focus (MR)......Page 512 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 513 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 514 Chapter 95. Focal Area, Regional, and Diffuse Enhancement (MR)......Page 516 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 517 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 518 Chapter 96. Clumped and Clustered Ring Enhancement (MR)......Page 522 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 523 Chapter 97. Linear Enhancement (MR)......Page 528 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 529 Chapter 98. Segmental Enhancement (MR)......Page 532 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 533 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 534 Chapter 99. Rim Enhancement (MR)......Page 536 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 537 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 538 SECTION 5: Histopathologic Diagnoses......Page 542 When to Excise After Core Biopsy......Page 544 Selected References......Page 545 Chapter 101.Imaging-Histopathologic Discordance......Page 552 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 553 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 554 Chapter 102. Adenosis, Sclerosing Adenosis, Microglandular Adenosis......Page 558 PATHOLOGY......Page 559 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 560 Chapter 103. Apocrine Metaplasia......Page 564 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 565 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 566 Chapter 104. Columnar Cell Lesions......Page 570 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 571 Chapter 105. Cyst, Ruptured/Inflamed......Page 574 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 575 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 576 Chapter 106. Fat Necrosis, Oil Cyst......Page 578 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 579 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 580 Chapter 107. Fibroadenoma......Page 584 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 585 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 586 Chapter 108. Fibroadenomatoid Change......Page 590 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 591 Chapter 109. Fibrocystic Change......Page 594 IMAGING......Page 595 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 596 Chapter 110. Fibrosis......Page 600 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 601 Chapter 111. Hamartoma (Fibroadenolipoma)......Page 604 PATHOLOGY......Page 605 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 606 Chapter 112. Hematoma......Page 610 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 611 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 612 Chapter 113. Lipoma and Angiolipoma......Page 616 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 617 Chapter 114. Papilloma, Benign......Page 622 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 623 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 624 Chapter 115. PASH......Page 626 PATHOLOGY......Page 627 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 628 Chapter 116. Radial Scar, Radial Sclerosing Lesions......Page 630 PATHOLOGY......Page 631 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 632 Chapter 117. Tubular Adenoma and Nipple Adenoma......Page 636 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 637 Chapter 118. Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia......Page 640 PATHOLOGY......Page 641 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 642 Chapter 119. Atypical Lobular Hyperplasia......Page 646 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 647 Chapter 120. Atypical Papilloma......Page 650 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 651 Chapter 121. Flat Epithelial Atypia......Page 654 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 655 Chapter 122. Lobular Carcinoma In Situ, Classic......Page 656 PATHOLOGY......Page 657 Chapter 123. Lobular Carcinoma In Situ, Pleomorphic......Page 662 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 663 Chapter 124. Mucocele-Like Lesions......Page 666 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 667 Chapter 125. Fibromatosis......Page 668 PATHOLOGY......Page 669 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 670 Chapter 126. Granular Cell Tumor......Page 674 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 675 Chapter 127. Myoepithelial Neoplasms......Page 678 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 679 Chapter 128. Myofibroblastoma......Page 682 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 683 Chapter 129. Phyllodes Tumor: Benign......Page 686 PATHOLOGY......Page 687 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 688 Chapter 130. Phyllodes Tumor: Borderline and Malignant......Page 692 PATHOLOGY......Page 693 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 694 Chapter 131. Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma......Page 698 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 699 Chapter 132. Apocrine Carcinoma......Page 702 PATHOLOGY......Page 703 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 704 Chapter 133. DCIS, General......Page 706 PATHOLOGY......Page 707 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 708 Chapter 134. DCIS, Low Grade......Page 710 PATHOLOGY......Page 711 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 712 Chapter 135. DCIS, Intermediate Grade......Page 714 PATHOLOGY......Page 715 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 716 Chapter 136. DCIS, High Grade......Page 718 PATHOLOGY......Page 719 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 720 Chapter 137. DCIS, Micropapillary......Page 722 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 723 Chapter 138. Encapsulated Papillary Carcinoma......Page 726 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 727 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 728 Chapter 139. HER2-Positive Cancer......Page 730 PATHOLOGY......Page 731 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 732 Chapter 140. Invasive Ductal Carcinoma NST, Grade 1, 2, 3......Page 736 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 737 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 738 Chapter 141. Invasive Lobular Carcinoma, Classic......Page 742 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 743 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 744 Chapter 142. Invasive Lobular Carcinoma, Pleomorphic......Page 748 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 749 Chapter 143. Invasive Micropapillary Carcinoma......Page 752 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 753 Chapter 144. Luminal A and B Cancers......Page 756 PATHOLOGY......Page 757 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 758 Chapter 145. Lymphoma, Primary Breast......Page 762 PATHOLOGY......Page 763 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 764 Chapter 146. Medullary Carcinoma......Page 768 PATHOLOGY......Page 769 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 770 Chapter 147. Metaplastic Carcinoma......Page 772 PATHOLOGY......Page 773 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 774 Chapter 148. Mixed Invasive Ductal and Lobular Carcinoma......Page 778 PATHOLOGY......Page 779 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 780 Chapter 149. Mucinous Carcinoma......Page 782 PATHOLOGY......Page 783 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 784 Chapter 150. Papillary Carcinoma, Invasive......Page 788 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 789 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 790 Chapter 151. Sarcomas......Page 792 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 793 Chapter 152. Triple-Negative and Basal-Like Breast Cancer......Page 798 PATHOLOGY......Page 799 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 800 Chapter 153. Tubular and Tubulolobular Carcinoma......Page 802 PATHOLOGY......Page 803 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 804 SECTION 6: Signs and Symptoms......Page 809 Axillary Adenopathy......Page 810 Selected References......Page 811 Chapter 155. Nipple Discharge......Page 814 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 815 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 816 Chapter 156. Nipple Retraction and Inversion......Page 820 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 821 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 822 Chapter 157. Paget Disease of Nipple......Page 824 PATHOLOGY......Page 825 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 826 Chapter 158. Epidermoid Cyst......Page 830 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 831 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 832 Chapter 159. Erythema......Page 834 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 835 Chapter 160. Sebaceous Cyst......Page 838 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 839 Chapter 161. Skin Lesions, Other......Page 842 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 843 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 844 Chapter 162. Skin Retraction......Page 846 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 847 Chapter 163. Skin Thickening......Page 848 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 849 Chapter 164. Axillary Adenopathy......Page 852 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 853 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 854 Chapter 165. Axillary Nodal Calcification......Page 858 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 859 Chapter 166. Metastatic Node, Unknown Primary......Page 862 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 863 Chapter 167. Pain......Page 866 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 867 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 868 Chapter 168. Palpable Lump or Thickening......Page 870 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 871 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 872 Chapter 169. Benign Lesions of Vascular Origin......Page 876 PATHOLOGY......Page 877 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 878 Chapter 170. Mondor Disease......Page 880 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 881 SECTION 7: Special Topics......Page 884 Chapter 171. Hormonal Supplementation......Page 886 PATHOLOGY......Page 887 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 888 Chapter 172. Hormone Blocking: Endocrine Therapy......Page 890 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 891 Chapter 173. Transgender Patients: Terminology and Normal Appearances......Page 894 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 895 Chapter 174. Transgender Patients: Surveillance and Cancer......Page 898 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 899 175. Galactocele......Page 902 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 903 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 904 176. Lactating Adenoma......Page 906 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 907 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 908 177. Lactation......Page 912 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 913 178. Pregnancy-Associated Breast Cancer......Page 916 PATHOLOGY......Page 917 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 918 Chapter 179. Abscess......Page 922 PATHOLOGY......Page 923 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 924 Chapter 180. Granulomatous Mastitis......Page 928 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 929 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 930 Chapter 181. Mastitis......Page 932 PATHOLOGY......Page 933 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 934 Chapter 182. Unusual Infections......Page 936 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 937 Chapter 183. Amyloid......Page 940 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 941 Chapter 184. Breast Manifestations of Organ Failure......Page 944 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 945 Chapter 185. Collagen Vascular Disease......Page 948 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 949 Chapter 186. Diabetic Mastopathy/Lymphocytic Lobulitis......Page 952 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 953 Chapter 187. Leukemia......Page 956 PATHOLOGY......Page 957 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 958 Chapter 188. Lymphoma, Secondary......Page 962 PATHOLOGY......Page 963 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 964 Chapter 189. Metastases to Breast......Page 968 PATHOLOGY......Page 969 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 970 Chapter 190. Sarcoid......Page 972 PATHOLOGY......Page 973 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 974 Chapter 191. Weight Fluctuations......Page 976 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 977 Chapter 192. Trauma......Page 978 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 979 Chapter 193. Gynecomastia......Page 982 PATHOLOGY......Page 983 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 984 Chapter 194. Male, Breast Cancer......Page 986 PATHOLOGY......Page 987 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 988 Chapter 195. Male, Other Neoplasms......Page 990 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 991 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 992 Chapter 196. Artifacts: Mammography and Tomosynthesis......Page 996 IMAGING......Page 997 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 998 Chapter 197. Artifacts: MR......Page 1002 IMAGING......Page 1003 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1004 Chapter 198. Artifacts: Nuclear Medicine......Page 1006 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1007 Chapter 199. Artifacts: Ultrasound......Page 1010 IMAGING......Page 1011 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1012 Chapter 200. Contrast Reactions......Page 1016 TERMINOLOGY......Page 1017 CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS......Page 1018 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1019 INJECTION ISSUES......Page 1020 GBCA STABILITY......Page 1021 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1022 MAMMOGRAPHY IMAGING TECHNOLOGY......Page 1024 RADIATION SAFETY......Page 1025 POTENTIAL RISK OF MAMMOGRAPHY......Page 1026 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1027 SECTION 8: Treatment......Page 1029 Radiation Therapy......Page 1030 Selected References......Page 1031 Chapter 204. Oncology Overview (Adjuvant and Neoadjuvant)......Page 1032 CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS......Page 1033 TREATMENT APPROACHES......Page 1034 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1035 Chapter 205. Pathology Overview......Page 1038 PATHOLOGIC ISSUES......Page 1039 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1040 Chapter 206. Radiation Therapy Overview......Page 1044 TERMINOLOGY......Page 1045 CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS......Page 1046 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1047 Chapter 207. Staging: Breast......Page 1050 Chapter 208. Surgery Overview......Page 1060 HISTORY......Page 1061 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1062 Multifocal and Multicentric Breast Cancer, EIC......Page 1064 Selected References......Page 1065 Chapter 210. Breast Cancer in Young Patients (< 40 Years)......Page 1068 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1069 Chapter 211. Contralateral Breast Cancer......Page 1072 CLINICAL ISSUES......Page 1073 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1074 Chapter 212. Extensive Intraductal Component......Page 1076 PATHOLOGY......Page 1077 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1078 Chapter 213. Inflammatory Breast Carcinoma......Page 1080 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 1081 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1082 Chapter 214. Internal Mammary Adenopathy......Page 1086 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1087 Chapter 215. Locally Advanced Breast Cancer......Page 1090 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 1091 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1092 Chapter 216. Metastatic Breast Cancer......Page 1096 PATHOLOGY......Page 1097 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1098 Chapter 217. Multifocal/Multicentric Breast Cancer......Page 1102 PATHOLOGY......Page 1103 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1104 Chapter 218. Pectoralis Muscle and Chest Wall Invasion......Page 1106 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1107 Chapter 219. Skin Invasion......Page 1110 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1111 Chapter 220. Tumor Genomic Testing: e.g., Oncotype DX, MammaPrint......Page 1114 CLINICAL ISSUES......Page 1115 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1116 SECTION 9: Postoperative and Posttreatment Imaging......Page 1119 Surveillance and Normal Appearances......Page 1120 Selected References......Page 1121 Chapter 222. Benign Surgical Biopsy, Postoperative Imaging......Page 1124 IMAGING......Page 1125 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1126 Chapter 223. Cosmetic Augmentation Injections......Page 1128 PATHOLOGY......Page 1129 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1130 Chapter 224. Implant, Saline......Page 1132 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 1133 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1134 Chapter 225. Implant, Silicone......Page 1136 IMAGING......Page 1137 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1138 Chapter 226. Implant With Multiple Lumina......Page 1140 IMAGING......Page 1141 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1142 Chapter 227. Implants and Cancer......Page 1144 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 1145 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1146 Chapter 228. Post-Core Biopsy and Clip Placement Imaging......Page 1148 IMAGING......Page 1149 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1150 Chapter 229. Reduction Mammoplasty, Imaging......Page 1154 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1155 Chapter 230. Silicone Granuloma......Page 1160 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1161 Chapter 231. Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation......Page 1164 IMAGING......Page 1165 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1166 Chapter 232. Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy......Page 1170 IMAGING......Page 1171 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1172 Chapter 233. Positive or Close Margins......Page 1176 PATHOLOGY......Page 1177 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1178 Chapter 234. Post Breast-Conserving Surgery......Page 1180 IMAGING......Page 1181 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1182 Chapter 235. Personal History of Breast Cancer Surveillance......Page 1184 IMAGING......Page 1185 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1186 Chapter 236. Recurrent Breast Carcinoma......Page 1190 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 1191 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1192 Chapter 237. Prior Chest Radiation Therapy, Surveillance......Page 1194 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1195 Chapter 238. Tissue Transfer Reconstruction Imaging......Page 1198 IMAGING......Page 1199 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1200 SECTION 10: Procedures......Page 1205 Chapter 239. Cyst Aspiration......Page 1206 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1207 Chapter 240. Ductography......Page 1208 PROCEDURE......Page 1209 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1210 Chapter 241. Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy, Breast......Page 1214 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1215 Chapter 242. MR-Directed Ultrasound......Page 1216 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1217 Chapter 243. MR-Guided Vacuum-Assisted Biopsy......Page 1220 PROCEDURE......Page 1221 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1222 Chapter 244. Preoperative Lesion Localization, Bracketing......Page 1224 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1225 Chapter 245. Preoperative Axillary Node Localization......Page 1226 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1227 Chapter 246. Preoperative Localization, Tomosynthesis......Page 1228 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1229 Chapter 247. Preoperative Magnetic, Other Nonradioactive Localization......Page 1230 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1231 Chapter 248. Preoperative Radioactive Seed Localization......Page 1234 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1235 Chapter 249. Preoperative Wire Localization, Mammography......Page 1238 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1239 Chapter 250. Preoperative Wire Localization, MR......Page 1240 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1241 Chapter 251. Preoperative Wire Localization, Ultrasound......Page 1244 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1245 Chapter 252. Skin Localization......Page 1246 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1247 Chapter 253. Specimen Imaging......Page 1248 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1249 Chapter 254. Stereotactic Biopsy, Prone......Page 1252 PROCEDURE......Page 1253 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1254 Chapter 255. Stereotactic Biopsy, Upright......Page 1256 PROCEDURE......Page 1257 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1258 Chapter 256. Ultrasound-Guided Core Needle Biopsy......Page 1260 PROCEDURE......Page 1261 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1262 Chapter 257. Ultrasound-Guided Vacuum-Assisted Biopsy......Page 1264 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1265 Chapter 258. Reduction Mammoplasty, Procedure......Page 1266 PROCEDURE......Page 1267 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1268 Chapter 259. Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy......Page 1270 PROCEDURE......Page 1271 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1272 Chapter 260. Targeted Axillary Dissection......Page 1274 PREPROCEDURE......Page 1275 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1276 Chapter 261. Axillary Lymph Node Dissection......Page 1278 PROCEDURE......Page 1279 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1280 Chapter 262. Breast-Conserving Surgery......Page 1282 PROCEDURE......Page 1283 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1284 Chapter 263. Oncoplastic Techniques......Page 1286 PROCEDURE......Page 1287 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1288 Chapter 264. Mastectomy......Page 1290 PREPROCEDURE......Page 1291 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1292 Chapter 265. TRAM and Other Flap Procedures......Page 1294 PROCEDURE......Page 1295 SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1296 INDEX......Page 1299