111 Calculation Exercises in the Field of Chemical Technology

Description

Everyday use in chemical production operations requires a complex bundle of basic knowledge for calculating various operating parameters and variables. This includes the application of mass and heat balances, the ideal gas law, the mass action law and electrochemistry. In addition, there are calculations for the pumping of liquids and for scale enlargement. The present work covers this subject area in a clear manner in the form of exercises. The author knows from many years of practical experience that such calculations are often not isolated problems, but complex issues in which various subject areas are coupled together. This fact is taken into account in this exercise book. It presents in a short and concise form the everyday challenges of calculations in a chemical plant and offers ways of solving them. Special basic operations are not treated, and reference is made to special works that treat such topics in detail. This exercise book offers the possibility of deepening the knowledge of solving the calculations that occur daily in a chemical production plant. Cover Half Title 111 Calculation Exercises in the Field of Chemical Technology Copyright Dedication Preface Symbol Index, Constants & Conversion Factors Contents 1. Introduction 1.1 Sizes, Numerical Values, Units 1.2 Important Relationships 1.2.1 Mathematical Rules 1.2.2 Force, Pressure, Work, Heat, Energy and Power 1.2.3 More Relationships 1.2.4 Efficiency 1.2.5 Averaging 2. Basics and Formula Collection 2.1 Ideal Gas Law 2.2 Law of Mass Action 2.2.1 Equilibrium Reactions 2.2.2 pH and pKa Value, Buffer Solutions 2.2.3 Solubility Product 2.3 Material Balances 2.3.1 Mass Balances and Stoichiometric Balances 2.3.2 Yield, Selectivity and Conversion 2.3.3 Reaction Rate 2.4 Heat 2.4.1 Heating and Cooling 2.4.2 Melting and Vaporization Heat 2.4.3 Solution Heat 2.4.4 Heat of Reaction and Reaction Enthalpy 2.4.5 Heat Conduction 2.4.6 Heat Balances 2.4.7 Thermal Reactor Stability Criteria 2.4.7.1 Adiabatic Temperature Rise 2.4.7.2 Stable and Unstable Operating Points 2.4.8 Thermal Expansion 2.5 Electrochemistry 2.6 Liquid Conveying 2.7 Scale-up 2.7.1 Scale-up Factor 2.7.2 Dimensionless Parameters 3. Exercise Problems 3.1 Ideal Gas Law 3.2 Law of Mass Action 3.2.1 Equilibrium reactions 3.2.2 pH Value 3.2.3 Solubility Product 3.3 Material Balances 3.3.1 Mass Balances and Stoichiometric Balances 3.3.2 Conversion, Yield and Selectivity 3.3.3 Reaction Rate 3.4 Heat 3.4.1 Heating, Melting, Vaporizing, Dissolving 3.4.2 Calculation of the Reaction Enthalpy from Formation Enthalpies 3.4.3 Heating Value/Calorific Value 3.4.4 Heat Transfer 3.4.5 Heat Balances 3.4.6 Reactor Stability Criteria 3.4.7 Thermal Expansion 3.5 Electrochemistry 3.6 Liquid Conveying 3.7 Scale Enlargement 3.8 Combined Tasks