Begomoviruses: Occurrence and Management in Asia and Africa

Description

Begomoviruses are one of the most interesting plant viruses to study for basic and applied research as they cause huge economic losses to agriculture industries and farmers all over the world. They belong to family Geminiviridae and are emergent plant viral pathogens which cause diseases in various crops in the tropical and subtropical regions. They are transmitted by the whitefly (B. tabaci) and have either one (monopartite DNA-A) or two (bipartite DNA-A and DNA-B) genomic components. DNA-A and DNA-B are of ~2600 - 2800 nucleotides each. A number of serious diseases of cultivated crops of the Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae families are caused by Begomoviruses which are considered as threat to their cultivation in many countries. Accurate diagnosis is important for successful diseases management, since plants infected by Begomovirus do not recover, suffer serious yield losses and act as further sources of inoculum, which is then picked up and spread by their vector whitefly (B. tabaci). Reports of occurrence of new viruses and re-emergence of several known viruses in new niches have become regular event. In such a dynamic system, growth of several crop species relies on an accurate diagnosis, management and better understanding of the biology of the casual virus. This is crucial to evolve appropriate control practices and to prevent the virus infection. Researchers have achieved considerable progress in characterization, detection and management of virus on different crop species in the last decade. This book covers latest information in diagnosis of begomoviruses in the present scenario and explores the new vistas in the field of genomics and proteomics. Chapters in Section 1 illustrates the occurrence, genome organisation, transmission and diagnostics of begomoviruses. It also details the diseases caused by begomoviruses on different crops, detection techniques and management strategies in support of research findings by presentation of data, graphics, figures and tables. Section 2 is a chapterwise collection of occurrence, diversity and status of begomoviruses in Asian Africa counties where the diseases are most prevalent. This book will provide wide opportunity to the readers to have complete information and status of begomovirus in Asia and Africa. This will be useful resource for researchers and extension workers involved in the begomvirus disease diagnosis and molecular biology. Expert detection, accurate diagnosis and timely management play a significant role in keeping plants free from pathogens. In this book expert researchers share their research knowledge and literature which are vital towards the diagnosis of begomoviruses, addressing traditional plant pathology techniques as well as advanced molecular diagnostic approach. The book deals with the economically important crops including fruits, vegetables along with challenges in crop protection against diseases caused by begomovirus. This will be resourceful and handy for researcher, practitioners and also students. Front Matter ....Pages i-x Front Matter ....Pages 1-1 Begomovirus: An Introduction (V. G. Malathi)....Pages 3-9 Genome Organization of Begomoviruses (Poonam Roshan, Aditya Kulshreshtha, Vipin Hallan)....Pages 11-32 Recent Advancement in Diagnosis of Begomoviruses (Saurabh Verma, Sangeeta Saxena)....Pages 33-50 Transmission of Begomoviruses (Priyanka Varun, Sangeeta Saxena)....Pages 51-69 Begomovirus Disease Management Measures, Now and Then (Susheel Kumar, Ashish Srivastava, Aarti Kumari, Rashmi Raj, Meraj Jaidi, S. K. Raj)....Pages 71-92 Begomoviruses Associated with Horticultural Crops (Swati Kumari, Maneesh Mishra)....Pages 93-109 Leaf Curl Disease of Carica papaya (Priyanka Varun, Sangeeta Saxena)....Pages 111-135 Strategy for Generic Resistance Against Begomoviruses Through RNAi (Nikita Shukla, Saurabh Verma, G Sunil Babu, Sangeeta Saxena)....Pages 137-155 Computational Analysis and Predicting Ligand Binding Site in the Rose leaf curl virus and Its Betasatellite Proteins: A Step Forward for Antiviral Agent Designing (Avinash Marwal, Megha Mishra, Charvee Sekhsaria, R. K. Gaur)....Pages 157-168 Front Matter ....Pages 169-169 Begomoviruses in India (Savarni Tripathi, Raj Verma)....Pages 171-186 Begomovirus in Taiwan (Wen-Shi Tsai, Chien-Jui Huang)....Pages 187-205 Status of Begomovirus in Oman (Adel Ali Mohammed Al Shihi)....Pages 207-218 Current Status of Begomoviruses Infecting Cultivated Crops and Weeds in Saudi Arabia (Sayed Sartaj Sohrab)....Pages 219-228 The Status of Begomoviruses in Iran (Sara Yazdani-Khameneh, Alireza Golnaraghi)....Pages 229-253 Status and Diversity of Begomoviruses in Pakistan (Muhammad Shah Nawaz-ul-Rehman, Sara Shakir, Sehrish Ijaz, Muhammad Mubin, Nazia Nahid)....Pages 255-269 Begomoviruses in Nigeria (Boniface David Kashina)....Pages 271-284 Status of Begomovirus Research and Management in Kenya (Douglas W. Miano, Paul K. Kuria)....Pages 285-295 Status of Begomoviruses in Ghana: The Case of Vegetables and Root and Tuber Crops (Michael Kwabena Osei, Eric Cornelius, Elvis Asare-Bediako, Allen Oppong, Marian Dorcas Quain)....Pages 297-314 Begomoviruses in Cuba: Brief History and Current Status (Yamila Martínez-Zubiaur, Lidia Chang-Sidorchuk, Heidy González-Álvarez)....Pages 315-333