Multi-Agent Systems. 19th European Conference, EUMAS 2022 Düsseldorf, Germany, September 14–16, 2022 Proceedings

Description

Preface Organization Invited Talks Map of Elections: The Story So Far Biology Bit My Finger or Why AI Ethics Needs Us to Not Forget the Agent Contents EUMAS 2022 Papers Iterative Goal-Based Approval Voting 1 Introduction 2 Preliminaries 2.1 Goal-Based Voting 2.2 Satisfaction Functions 2.3 The Iteration Process 3 Termination Results for the Approval Rule 4 Social Welfare in Iteration with the Approval Rule 5 Conclusions References Mind the Gap! Runtime Verification of Partially Observable MASs with Probabilistic Trace Expressions 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Probabilistic Trace Expressions 4 From HMMs to PTEs 5 Minding Gaps in a Centralized Setting 6 Conclusions and Future Work References Advising Agent for Service-Providing Live-Chat Operators 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 2.1 Call Centers 2.2 Agents that Support Human Actions 2.3 Method of Advice Provision 2.4 Learning How to Provide Advice 3 Modus Operandi and Life-Cycle of the Agent 3.1 Agent's Life-Cycle 3.2 The Learning Process 4 Experiment 4.1 Experiment Domain - Student Loans 4.2 Phase 1 – The Apprentice Phase 4.3 Phase 2 – The Novice-Advisor Phase 4.4 Phase 3 – The Expert-Advisor Phase 5 Results 5.1 Operators' Opinions 5.2 Time Performance 5.3 Learning Effectiveness of Phase 2 6 Conclusions, Discussion and Future Work References Initial Conditions Sensitivity Analysis of a Two-Species Butterfly-Effect Agent-Based Model 1 Introduction 2 Concept 3 Initial Conditions Sensitivity Analysis 3.1 A Two-Species Butterfly-Effect Agent-Based Model 3.2 Feedback Systems Interpretation of Agent Behaviors 3.3 Sensitivity to Initial Conditions 4 Results 5 Discussion 6 Conclusions References Proxy Manipulation for Better Outcomes 1 Introduction 2 Model and Preliminaries 3 Strategyproofness for Median Proxy Voting 4 Manipulations for Better Outcomes 4.1 Dynamics and Convergence 4.2 Monotone Policies 4.3 Discretization 4.4 Non-monotone Policies 5 Partial Information 6 Conclusions and Future Work References The Spread of Opinions via Boolean Networks 1 Introduction 1.1 Our Contribution 1.2 Related Work 2 The Model 2.1 Restricted Languages for Update Functions 3 The Complexity of Convergence 4 Asynchronous Updates 5 Multi-agent Delegations as Boolean Opinion Diffusion 5.1 Control in Multi-agent Delegation 6 Results from the Boolean Network Literature 7 Conclusion References Robustness of Greedy Approval Rules 1 Introduction 2 Preliminaries 2.1 Approval Elections and Multiwinner Rules 2.2 Robustness of Multiwinner Voting Rules 3 Robustness Level 4 Robustness Radius: Complexity Results 5 Robustness to Random Noise: Experimental Results 6 Summary References Using Multiwinner Voting to Search for Movies 1 Introduction 2 Preliminaries 3 System Design 3.1 Data Model 3.2 Search Model 3.3 Winner Determination 3.4 Final Search Process 4 Experiments 4.1 Calibrating the TF-IDF Metric 4.2 Testing the Rules: Synthetic Data 4.3 Testing the Rules: Movies Data 4.4 Effectiveness of the Heuristics 5 Conclusions References Allocating Teams to Tasks: An Anytime Heuristic Competence-Based Approach 1 Introduction 2 The NOMTMT Allocation Problem 2.1 Basic Concepts 2.2 Competence Coverage and Affinity 2.3 The Optimisation Problem 3 Solving the NOMTMT Allocation Problem Optimally 4 An Algorithm for the NOMTMT Allocation Problem 4.1 Building an Initial Team Allocation 4.2 Improving Team Allocation 5 Empirical Analysis 5.1 Quality, Runtime and Anytime Analysis 5.2 Solving a Real-World Problem 5.3 Validation 6 Related Work 7 Conclusions and Future Work References Collaborative Decision Making for Lane-Free Autonomous Driving in the Presence of Uncertainty 1 Introduction 2 Background and Related Work 2.1 Coordination Graphs 2.2 The Max-Plus Algorithm 2.3 Max-Plus in the Lane-Free Environment 2.4 Related Work 3 Max-Plus Under Uncertainty 3.1 Emulated Messages 3.2 Prediction Under Uncertainty 4 Experimental Evaluation 4.1 Lane-Free Independent Agents (with Noise) 4.2 Simulation Environment 4.3 Experiments and Results 5 Conclusions and Future Work References Maximin Shares Under Cardinality Constraints 1 Introduction 1.1 Contributions 1.2 Related Work 2 Preliminaries 3 Ordered Instances 4 Reduced Instances 5 MMS Results Under Cardinality Constraints 6 Uniform Matroid Constraints 7 Fair Allocation of Chores 8 Discussion References Welfare Effects of Strategic Voting Under Scoring Rules 1 Introduction 1.1 Related Work 1.2 Our Contribution 2 Preliminaries 2.1 Voting Concepts 2.2 Statistical Cultures 2.3 Experimental Setup 3 Results 3.1 Impartial Culture 3.2 Euclidean Cultures 3.3 Mallows Models 3.4 Mallows Sushi 3.5 Skating Bag 4 Conclusions References Preserving Consistency for Liquid Knapsack Voting 1 Introduction 1.1 Related Work 1.2 Our Contribution 2 Preliminaries 2.1 Knapsack Voting 2.2 Liquid Knapsack Voting 2.3 Consistent Knapsack Voting 3 Theoretical Results 3.1 Preprocessing Steps and Observations 3.2 Parameterized Complexity 4 ILP and Simulation Results 4.1 Experimental Setup 4.2 Results and Discussion 5 Approximation Algorithms 6 Discussion and Outlook References Strategic Nominee Selection in Tournament Solutions 1 Introduction 2 Preliminaries 3 Initial Remarks 4 Condorcet Winner Rule 5 Uncovered Set 6 Conclusion References Sybil-Resilient Social Choice with Low Voter Turnout 1 Introduction 1.1 Contribution and Structure 1.2 Related Work 2 Preliminaries 2.1 Partial Participation and Sybils 2.2 Safety and Liveness 2.3 Safety, Liveness, and Partial Participation 3 The General Reality-Enforcing Mechanism 3.1 The General RE Mechanism vs. Shahaf et al. 4 Binary vote: Status Quo vs. a Single Contender 5 Extensions to Other Domains 5.1 Multiple Referenda 5.2 The Real Line 5.3 Rankings 6 Discussion References A Survey of Ad Hoc Teamwork Research 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Problem Formulation 2.2 Subtasks in Ad Hoc Teamwork 3 Boundaries of Ad Hoc Teamwork 3.1 Variations of the Ad Hoc Teamwork Problem 3.2 Related Problems 4 Solution Approaches 4.1 Knowledge Representation 4.2 Identifying Current Teammates 4.3 Action Selection 4.4 Adapting to Current Teammates 5 Evaluation Domains 6 Conclusion and Open Problems References Combining Theory of Mind and Abduction for Cooperation Under Imperfect Information 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Theory of Mind 2.2 Abductive Reasoning 2.3 The Hanabi Game 3 Agent Model 3.1 The Abduction Task 3.2 Assimilation of Abductive Explanations 3.3 Action Selection 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusions References A Modular Architecture for Integrating Normative Advisors in MAS 1 Introduction 2 Core Components 2.1 Intentional Agents 2.2 Norms and Normative (Multi-agent) Systems 3 Normative MAS via Normative Advisors 4 Implementation 4.1 Normative Advisor Architecture and Decision-Making Cycle 4.2 eFLINT Norm Base Implementation 4.3 Spawning and Interacting with Advisors 5 Discussion 6 Conclusion References Participatory Budgeting with Multiple Resources 1 Introduction 2 The Model 2.1 Scenarios and Profiles 2.2 Mechanisms 2.3 Axioms 2.4 Modelling Additional Constraints 3 Axiomatic Analysis 3.1 Proportionality 3.2 Strategyproofness 3.3 An Impossibility Result 4 Algorithms and Complexity 4.1 The Greedy-Approval Mechanism 4.2 The Max-Approval Mechanism 4.3 The Sequential Load-Balancing Mechanism 5 Conclusion References A Methodology for Formalizing Different Types of Norms 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 The T-Norm Model 4 Methodology 4.1 Using Ontologies for Modeling Norms 4.2 Norms with Activation Condition 4.3 Representing Obligations and Prohibitions 4.4 Temporal Aspect of Norms 4.5 Specific and General Deontic Relations 5 Conclusions References Explainability in Mechanism Design: Recent Advances and the Road Ahead 1 Introduction 2 Mechanism Design 3 Motivations for Explainable Mechanism Design 4 Explainable Mechanism Design Versus XAI 4.1 Taxonomy 4.2 Explanation Purpose 4.3 The Explainee 5 Explanation Concepts 5.1 Norms Versus Attributes 5.2 Catering to the Human Mind 6 Evaluation Methods 7 Challenges and Possible Solutions 8 Conclusion References Integrating Quantitative and Qualitative Reasoning for Value Alignment 1 Introduction 1.1 Motivating Example 2 Requirements 2.1 Quantitative Reasoning 2.2 Qualitative Reasoning 2.3 Combining Quantitative and Qualitative Reasoning 3 Preliminaries 3.1 Hyperreal Numbers 3.2 Grades 4 Grade-Based Framework of Value-Based Reasoning 4.1 Evaluation Aggregation Rules 4.2 Using the Aggregation Information 4.3 Weighing the Values 4.4 Compatibility 4.5 Applying Formalism to Example 5 Related Work 5.1 Related Qualitative Approaches 5.2 Related Quantitative Approaches 6 Conclusion and Future Work References Resource Allocation to Agents with Restrictions: Maximizing Likelihood with Minimum Compromise 1 Introduction 2 The Matching Advice Framework 2.1 Graph Representation and Problem Formulation 2.2 An Example 2.3 Incompatibility Types 3 Preliminaries 4 Hardness Results 5 Algorithms for Advice Frameworks 5.1 Notation 5.2 Scenario Identification 5.3 Multi-Choice-Single-Restriction 5.4 Threshold-Like Incompatibility 6 Computing Matching Probability 7 Experimental Results 8 Limitations and Future Work References PhD Day Short Papers Proactivity in Intelligent Personal Assistants: A Simulation-Based Approach 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Methodology and Results 4 Conclusion and Future Work References Stability, Fairness, and Altruism in Coalition Formation 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 FEN-Hedonic Games 4 Local Fairness in Hedonic Games 5 Altruism in Coalition Formation Games References Engineering Pro-social Values in Autonomous Agents – Collective and Individual Perspectives 1 Introduction 2 The Collective Approach 3 The Individual Approach 4 Conclusion References Axiomatic and Algorithmic Study on Different Areas of Collective Decision Making 1 Research Areas 1.1 Participatory Budgeting 1.2 Voting 1.3 Opinion Diffusion 2 Further Future Work References Participatory Budgeting: Fairness and Welfare Maximization 1 Introduction 2 Divisible PB 3 Indivisible PB 3.1 Approval Votes 3.2 Rankings 4 Summary References Human Consideration in Analysis and Algorithms for Mechanism Design 1 Introduction 2 Information Design in Affiliate Marketing 3 Explainability in Mechanism Design 3.1 Recent Advances and the Road Ahead 3.2 Justifying Social-Choice Mechanism Outcome for Improving Participant Satisfaction References Author Index