Clinician's Guide to Diagnostic Imaging

Description

This book is a concise guide to ordering radiology tests for diagnosis and treatment and provides best practice guidelines for patients whose management depends on a clinical question that is best approached through imaging. Organized primarily by organ system, it outlines considerations in selecting the most efficacious imaging studies based on the clinical history, laboratory values, and physical findings to arrive cost-effectively at a correct diagnosis. It also explores the current limitations of each imaging modality and presents evidence-based information to insure that patient safety considerations are observed when ordering potentially dangerous examinations. Clinician’s Guide to Diagnostic Imaging is a valuable resource for all physicians who regularly order imaging studies, including primary care physicians, family practitioners, internists, and surgeons alike. Further, this volume serves as an invaluable reference for medical students who are exposed to medical imaging for their first time or who are rotating through a radiology elective in medical school. Preface Contents Contributors Chapter 1: Imaging Modalities and Contrast Agents Introduction Imaging Modalities Overview Conventional Radiography Ultrasound Computed Tomography Magnetic Resonance Imaging Nuclear Medicine Contrast Media Overview Risk Factors Associated with Iodinated Contrast Media Premedication Breakthrough Reactions Adverse Events Following Iodinated Contrast Media Administration Non-Acute, Delayed Adverse Reactions Contrast-Induced Nephrotoxicity Metformin Adverse Events After Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agent Administration Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis Administration of Iodinated Contrast Media and GBCA in Pregnancy Administration of Iodinated Contrast Media and GBCA to Breast-Feeding Mothers References Chapter 2: Neurological Imaging Introduction CNS Imaging Modalities: Overview Plain Film Radiography Computed Tomography Ultrasound Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinical Scenarios Headache (Pediatric) Headache (Adult) Seizure Focal Neurologic Deficit Transient Ischemic Attack Stroke Role of Imaging in Specific Scenarios Carotid Stenosis Triaging Patients for Thrombolytic therapy Intracranial Mass Lesion Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Aneurysm Screening Vascular Malformation Treated Aneurysm Follow-Up References Chapter 3: Cardiothoracic Imaging Introduction Chest Radiography Computed Tomography Radionuclide Imaging Magnetic Resonance Imaging Angiography Echocardiography Clinical Scenarios Shortness of Breath Pneumothorax Thoracic Trauma Diaphragmatic Injury Sternal Injury Tracheobronchial Rupture Acute Thoracic Aortic Injury Pericardial and Cardiac Trauma Imaging the Patient with Fever Imaging the Patient with Hemoptysis The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule Imaging the Patient with Acute Chest Pain Acute Chest Pain: Suspected Pulmonary Embolism D-Dimer Test Diagnostic Imaging Strategies Chronic Chest Pain Chronic Chest Pain of Probable Noncardiac Etiology Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Imaging the Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Surveillance: Serial Imaging Acute Aortic Syndrome References Chapter 4: Breast Imaging History of Breast Imaging Screening Recommendations The Radiologists’ Role Breast Imaging Tools Mammography Tomosynthesis Ultrasound Elastography Magnetic Resonance Imaging Molecular Breast Imaging (MBI, BSGI, Scintimammography) Interventional Procedures Stereotactic Core Biopsy Ultrasound-Guided Breast Biopsy MRI-Guided Biopsy Cyst and Abscess Aspiration Fine Needle Aspiration Needle Localization for Breast Biopsy or Definitive Treatment of a Known Malignancy Galactography Clinical Scenarios References Chapter 5: Abdominal Imaging Introduction Imaging Techniques: Overview Plain Radiography/Fluoroscopy Ultrasound Multidetector CT Magnetic Resonance Imaging Imaging for Abdominal pain Right Upper Quadrant Pain Right Lower Quadrant Pain Left Upper Quadrant Pain Left Lower Quadrant Pain Epigastric Pain Imaging in Hepatobiliary Disorders Imaging of Bowel Abnormalities Stomach and Duodenum Small Bowel Colon Gastrointestinal Bleeding Hematuria Adnexal Lesions and Female Pelvis Acute Non-traumatic Scrotal Pain Conclusion References Chapter 6: Musculoskeletal Imaging Introduction Imaging Modalities: Overview Conventional Radiography/Plain Radiography Ultrasound Computed Tomography Magnetic Resonance Imaging Nuclear Medicine Trauma Osseous Trauma Soft Tissue Trauma Infection Osseous Infection (Osteomyelitis) Spinal Infection (Osteomyelitis-Discitis, Spondylodiscitis) Joint Infection (Septic Arthritis) Soft Tissue Abscess Pyomyositis Necrotizing Fasciitis Neoplastic and Non-Neoplastic Space Occupying Lesions Focal Lesions of Bone Metastases to Bone Multiple Myeloma Soft Tissue Lesions Arthritis Metabolic Osteoporosis References Chapter 7: Approach to Vascular Imaging Introduction Ultrasound CT Angiography Magnetic Resonance Angiography Conventional Angiography Head/Neck Vascular Imaging Carotid Artery Narrowing Carotid Artery or Vertebral Artery Dissection Internal Jugular Vein Thrombosis Upper Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis Arterial Vasculidities Dialysis Access Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis Peripheral Vascular Disease Abdominal Vasculature Mesenteric Ischemia Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm/Dissection Pelvic Congestion Syndrome Varicocele Thoracic Vasculature Superior Vena Cava Syndrome Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm/Dissection Pulmonary Embolism Percutaneous Biopsy Conclusion References Index