Exploring chemistry : connections to everyday life
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Cover Page Title Page Copyright Page CONTENTS Preface CHAPTER 1 Understanding Our World with Chemistry Case Study: Exploring Our Water Supply 1.1 Welcome 1.2 Chemistry, the Global Society, and You 1.3 Matter and Its Forms 1.4 The Periodic Table In the Lab: Thin-Layer Chromatography 1.5 Learning the Language of Chemistry 1.6 The Most Important Skill of a Scientist: Observation 1.7 Critical Thinking and the Scientific Method 1.8 Case Study Finale: Exploring Our Water Supply CHAPTER 2 Matter: Properties, Changes and Measurements Case Study: Exploring Evidence from a Crime Scene 2.1 Reactions, Properties, and Changes 2.2 Mass, Weight, and Units 2.3 Mathematics of Unit Conversions 2.4 Errors and Estimates in Laboratory Measurements: Significant Figures 2.5 Mathematics of Significant Figure Calculations 2.6 Experimental Results: Accuracy and Precision 2.7 Density Measurements 2.8 Mathematics of Density Measurements 2.9 How to Analyze Glass and Soil: Using Physical Properties 2.10 Case Study Finale: Exploring Evidence from a Crime Scene CHAPTER 3 Understanding Atoms Case Study: Exploring Historical Climate Change 3.1 Origins of the Atomic Theory: Ancient Greek Philosophers 3.2 Foundations of a Modern Atomic Theory 3.3 Dalton’s Atomic Theory 3.4 Atomic Structure: Subatomic Particles 3.5 Nature’s Detectives: Isotopes 3.6 Atomic Mass: Isotopic Abundance and the Periodic Table 3.7 Mathematics of Isotopic Abundance and Atomic Mass 3.8 Atomic Structure: Electrons and Emission Spectra 3.9 Mathematics of Light 3.10 Atomic Structure: Electron Orbitals 3.11 Electron Configurations In the Lab: Scanning Electron Microscopy 3.12 Case Study Finale: Exploring Historical Climate Change CHAPTER 4 Bonding and Reactions Case Study: Exploring the Chemistry of a Poison 4.1 Regions of the Periodic Table 4.2 Types of Compounds: Covalent Compounds 4.3 Types of Compounds: Ionic Compounds 4.4 Common Names and Diatomic Elements 4.5 Basics of Chemical Reactions 4.6 Balancing Chemical Equations 4.7 Mathematics of Chemical Reactions: Mole Calculations 4.8 Mathematics of Chemical Reactions: Stoichiometry Calculations 4.9 Types of Reactions 4.10 Mathematics of Chemical Reactions: Limiting Reactants and Theoretical Yields In the Lab: Spectrophotometry 4.11 Case Study Finale: Exploring the Chemistry of a Poison CHAPTER 5 Chemistry of Bonding: Structure and Function of Drug Molecules Case Study: Exploring Chemotherapy Drugs 5.1 Nature of Covalent Bonds 5.2 Lewis Structures of Ionic Compounds 5.3 Lewis Structures of Covalent Compounds 5.4 Resonance Structures 5.5 VSEPR Theory 5.6 Polarity of Bonds and Molecules 5.7 Molecular Geometry of Fats and Oils 5.8 Drug Receptors and Brain Chemistry In the Lab: Immunoassay Methods 5.9 Case Study Finale: Exploring Chemotherapy Drugs CHAPTER 6 Aqueous Solutions: Part I Case Study: Exploring Chemistry in the Kitchen 6.1 Aqueous Solutions 6.2 Solution Properties 6.3 Solubility 6.4 Mathematics of Solutions: Concentration Calculations 6.5 Acid Chemistry 6.6 Base Chemistry 6.7 Neutralization Reactions 6.8 The pH Scale and Buffers 6.9 Mathematics of Solutions: Calculating pH 6.10 Net Ionic Reactions 6.11 Case Study Finale: Exploring Chemistry in the Kitchen CHAPTER 7 Aqueous Solutions: Part II Case Study: Exploring Antibiotics and Drug-Resistant Infections 7.1 Intermolecular Forces and Surface Tension 7.2 Types of Intermolecular Forces 7.3 Mixed Intermolecular Forces 7.4 The Process of Dissolution 7.5 Rate of Dissolving Soluble Compounds 7.6 Colligative Properties: Boiling Point of Solutions 7.7 Mathematics of Boiling Point Elevation 7.8 Colligative Properties: Freezing Point of Solutions 7.9 Mathematics of Freezing Point Depression 7.10 Colligative Properties: Osmosis 7.11 Mathematics of Osmotic Pressure In the Lab: HPLC 7.12 Case Study Finale: Exploring Antibiotics and Drug-Resistant Infections CHAPTER 8 Organic Chemistry and Polymers Case Study: Exploring Biodegradable Polymers 8.1 Introduction to Organic Chemistry 8.2 Alkanes 8.3 Alkenes and Alkynes 8.4 Branched Isomers 8.5 Cyclic Compounds 8.6 Ethers, Ketones, and Esters 8.7 Amines 8.8 Alcohols, Aldehydes, and Carboxylic Acids 8.9 How to Extract Organic Compounds: Solubility and Acid–Base Properties In the Lab: Infrared Spectroscopy 8.10 Case Study Finale: Exploring Biodegradable Polymers CHAPTER 9 Chemistry of Fire and Heat Case Study: Exploring the Chemistry of Fire and Arson 9.1 The Chemistry of Fire 9.2 Combustion Reactions 9.3 Redox Reactions 9.4 Thermochemistry of Fire 9.5 Heat Capacity and Phase Changes 9.6 Mathematics of Heat Capacity 9.7 The First Law of Thermodynamics and Calorimetry 9.8 Mathematics of Calorimetry 9.9 Petroleum Refinement In The Lab: Gas Chromatography 9.10 Case Study Finale: Exploring the Chemistry of Fire and Arson CHAPTER 10 Chemistry of Explosions Case Study: Exploring Airport Security 10.1 Explosives 101 10.2 Redox Chemistry of Explosives 10.3 Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Gases 10.4 Gas Laws 10.5 Mathematics of the Gas Laws 10.6 The Combined and Ideal Gas Laws 10.7 Mathematics of the Combined and Ideal Gas Laws 10.8 Mathematics of Advanced Ideal Gas Law Problems 10.9 Detection of Explosives: Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures In the Lab: Mass Spectroscopy 10.10 Case Study Finale: Exploring Airport Security CHAPTER 11 Applications of Chemical Kinetics Case Study: Investigating Green Chemistry 11.1 Introduction to Chemical Kinetics 11.2 Collision Theory 11.3 Kinetics and Temperature 11.4 Kinetics and Catalysts 11.5 Zero-Order Reactions 11.6 First-Order Reactions 11.7 Half-Life 11.8 Case Study Finale: Investigating Green Chemistry CHAPTER 12 Nuclear Chemistry: Energy, Medicine, Weapons, and Terrorism Case Study: Exploring Nuclear Power 12.1 The Discovery of Natural Radioactivity 12.2 Radiation Types and Hazards 12.3 Balancing Nuclear Equations 12.4 Half-Lives and Risk Assessment 12.5 Medical Applications of Nuclear Isotopes 12.6 Investigative Application of Carbon-14 12.7 Nuclear Power 12.8 Military Uses of Nuclear Isotopes 12.9 Nuclear Transmutations 12.10 Nuclear Terrorism In the Lab: Neutron Activation Analysis 12.11 Case Study Finale: Exploring Nuclear Power CHAPTER 13 Chemical Equilibrium Case Study: Exploring Athletic Performance 13.1 Chemical Equilibrium 13.2 Dynamic Equilibrium 13.3 Values of the Equilibrium Constant 13.4 Le Chatelier’s Principle 13.5 Solubility Equilibrium 13.6 Mathematics of Equilibrium 13.7 Chemistry of Poisons 13.8 Case Study Finale: Exploring Athletic Performance CHAPTER 14 Introduction to Biochemistry Case Study: Exploring Genetically Modified Food 14.1 Lipids: Fats, Waxes, and Oils 14.2 Carbohydrates 14.3 Proteins 14.4 DNA Basics 14.5 DNA Analysis 14.6 Mitochondrial DNA 14.7 Genetic Genealogy 14.8 Case Study Finale: Exploring Genetically Modified Food Appendix A Appendix B Answers to Odd-Numbered Questions and Problems Combined Glossary/Index
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