The West: A Narrative History, Volume Two: Since 1400

Description

Cover......Page 1 Title Page......Page 6 Copyright Page......Page 7 Contents......Page 10 Documents......Page 18 Maps......Page 22 Key Questions......Page 24 Preface......Page 26 Acknowledgments......Page 30 Note on Dates and Spelling......Page 34 About the Authors......Page 38 Introduction......Page 40 KEY QUESTION | Does respect for history inspire or retard change?......Page 50 The Context for the Renaissance......Page 51 The Culture of the Renaissance......Page 56 PEOPLE IN CONTEXT | Isabella d’Este and Elisabetta Gonzaga (1472–1526)......Page 63 The Northern Renaissance......Page 68 The Middle East: The Ottoman Empire......Page 73 Europe and Atlantic Exploration......Page 78 Key Question Revisited......Page 85 Further Reading......Page 86 MyHistoryLab Connections......Page 87 KEY QUESTION | How should conflicts over values and ideologies be managed?......Page 90 The Lutheran Reformation......Page 91 The Swiss Reformation......Page 98 The Catholic Reformation......Page 103 The Habsburg-Valois Wars......Page 105 England’s Ambivalent Reformation......Page 106 Convergence of Foreign and Domestic Politics: England, Spain, and France......Page 110 The Final Religious Upheavals......Page 116 PEOPLE IN CONTEXT | William Shakespeare (1564–1616)......Page 117 Key Question Revisited......Page 125 Activities......Page 126 MyHistoryLab Connections......Page 127 PART FIVE: The Revolutionary Impulse......Page 129 KEY QUESTION | How do political systems reflect the structure of social and economic life?......Page 132 Society in Early Modern Europe......Page 133 Forging Centralized States......Page 137 PEOPLE IN CONTEXT | King James I as Political Theorist......Page 139 Absolutism in France......Page 140 Constitutionalism in England......Page 145 Wars of Empire and Global Markets......Page 147 Central and Eastern Europe......Page 150 Europe’s Declining Powers......Page 153 Key Question Revisited......Page 157 Activities......Page 158 MyHistoryLab Connections......Page 159 KEY QUESTION | How does the study of the natural world influence religious belief and the understanding of truth?......Page 162 The Medieval World View......Page 163 Anticipating the New Science......Page 165 New Directions in Astronomy and Physics......Page 167 New Approaches to Truth......Page 171 Theory and Application......Page 172 Politics as Science......Page 176 Science and Religion......Page 179 PEOPLE IN CONTEXT | Locke as Natural Philosopher......Page 178 Superstition and Its Victims......Page 180 Key Question Revisited......Page 181 Activities......Page 182 MyHistoryLab Connections......Page 183 KEY QUESTION | Can the principle and practice of human equality ever be truly inclusive?......Page 186 Critiquing the Traditional Way of Life......Page 187 Formulas for Improving Material Conditions......Page 194 Enlightened Despots......Page 196 Critiquing the Enlightenment......Page 198 PEOPLE IN CONTEXT | Olympe de Gouges......Page 202 The Arts in the Age of Reason......Page 204 Key Question Revisited......Page 206 MyHistoryLab Connections......Page 207 KEY QUESTION | Can political change occur without social and economic upheaval?......Page 210 America Rejects Europe......Page 211 Revolution in France......Page 218 PEOPLE IN CONTEXT | Edmund Burke on Revolution......Page 223 Napoleon Bonaparte and the Export of Revolution, 1799–1815......Page 227 The French Revolution and the Americas......Page 232 Key Question Revisited......Page 235 Further Reading......Page 236 MyHistoryLab Connections......Page 237 PART SIX: Europe Triumphant: 1815–1914......Page 239 KEY QUESTION | How do technology and urbanization influence the relationship between humans and nature?......Page 242 From Rural to Urban Lifestyles in Europe......Page 243 Agriculture, Demographics, and Labor......Page 246 Innovations in Production......Page 250 The Social Consequences of Industrialization......Page 255 PEOPLE IN CONTEXT | Alfred Krupp......Page 259 Key Question Revisited......Page 265 Activities......Page 266 MyHistoryLab Connections......Page 267 KEY QUESTION | What leads people to repudiate traditional ideas, beliefs, and practices?......Page 270 The Congress System and the Conservative Agenda......Page 271 Ideological Ferment......Page 274 The Revolutions of 1848......Page 278 PEOPLE IN CONTEXT | Giuseppe Mazzini......Page 283 Britain and Reform......Page 284 The Romantic Movement......Page 288 Utilitarianism and Utopian Socialism......Page 290 The Marxist Challenge......Page 292 Key Question Revisited......Page 294 Further Reading......Page 295 MyHistoryLab Connections......Page 296 KEY QUESTION | Is nationalism a constructive force in the modern age?......Page 298 Italian Unification......Page 299 The Creation of Modern Germany......Page 302 Constitutional Change in France and Britain......Page 308 The Waning of the Habsburg, Russian, and Ottoman Empires......Page 313 The United States and Western Europe......Page 319 Nationalism and Race......Page 322 PEOPLE IN CONTEXT | Theodor Herzl and Jewish Nationalism......Page 324 Key Question Revisited......Page 326 MyHistoryLab Connections......Page 327 KEY QUESTION | How does the projection of power reflect wider cultural values?......Page 330 The New Imperialism: Motives and Methods......Page 331 The Scramble for Empire: Africa......Page 335 The Scramble for Empire: South and East Asia......Page 337 Imperialism, Intellectual Controversy, and European Culture......Page 342 Transformation in the Arts......Page 349 PEOPLE IN CONTEXT | Marie Curie and Modern Physics......Page 350 Key Question Revisited......Page 353 Activities......Page 354 MyHistoryLab Connections......Page 355 PART SEVEN: Europe in Crisis: 1914–1945......Page 357 KEY QUESTION | Are nation-states inherently adversarial?......Page 360 The Alliance System......Page 361 The Experience of Modern War......Page 364 The Eastern Front and Europe’s Empire......Page 368 Naval War and American Entry......Page 371 The Impact of Total War at Home......Page 373 The Russian Revolution......Page 375 PEOPLE IN CONTEXT | John Reed and Bolshevism......Page 379 The Peace Settlement and European Consciousness......Page 380 Key Question Revisited......Page 385 Further Reading......Page 386 MyHistoryLab Connections......Page 387 KEY QUESTION | Does personal liberty matter to people who suffer under conditions of acute material hardship?......Page 390 Postwar Problems in Western Europe......Page 391 The Price of Victory......Page 392 The Great Depression, 1929–1939......Page 395 Italy: The First Fascist State......Page 399 Authoritarian Regimes in Spain and Eastern Europe......Page 401 The Emergence of Nazi Germany......Page 402 PEOPLE IN CONTEXT | José Ortega y Gasset......Page 403 Imperial Japan......Page 408 The Soviet Union Under Stalin......Page 409 Key Question Revisited......Page 412 MyHistoryLab Connections......Page 414 KEY QUESTION | Can deeply held ideas and values sustain a civilization under violent attack?......Page 418 The Process of Appeasement, 1933–1939......Page 419 Nazism Triumphant, 1939–1941: Europe and North Africa......Page 423 The German Empire......Page 426 PEOPLE IN CONTEXT | Charles de Gaulle and Free France......Page 427 The Home Front and the Role of Women......Page 432 War in Asia and the Pacific......Page 434 The Tide Turns, 1942–1945......Page 437 Planning for the Postwar World......Page 441 Key Question Revisited......Page 443 Further Reading......Page 444 MyHistoryLab Connections......Page 445 PART EIGHT: The Postwar Western Community: 1945–2012......Page 447 KEY QUESTION | How does ideology shape public policy?......Page 450 The Eclipse of Postwar Optimism......Page 451 The End of European Empire......Page 459 Expanding the Cold War......Page 465 PEOPLE IN CONTEXT | Ho Chi Minh......Page 472 The Cold War and Nuclear Threat......Page 473 Key Question Revisited......Page 477 Further Reading......Page 478 MyHistoryLab Connections......Page 479 KEY QUESTION | Has the West defined the process of globalization?......Page 482 The End of Communism......Page 483 United Europe?......Page 491 Science, Technology, and the Environment......Page 499 Women and the Struggle for Equality......Page 505 PEOPLE IN CONTEXT | Simone de Beauvoir......Page 507 Religious Divides and Ethnic Nationalism......Page 508 The Postindustrial West......Page 513 Key Question Revisited......Page 515 Further Reading......Page 516 MyHistoryLab Connections......Page 517 D......Page 520 G......Page 521 M......Page 522 P......Page 523 S......Page 524 W......Page 525 Y......Page 526 Suggested Resources......Page 528 Photo Credits......Page 538 A......Page 542 B......Page 543 C......Page 544 E......Page 546 F......Page 547 G......Page 548 H......Page 549 I......Page 550 L......Page 551 M......Page 552 N......Page 553 P......Page 554 R......Page 556 S......Page 557 T......Page 558 U......Page 559 W......Page 560 Z......Page 561