Laboratory Manual for Anatomy and Physiology

Description

The Laboratory Manual for Anatomy and Physiology by Allen and Harper presents material in a clear and concise way.  It is very interactive and contains activities and experiments that enhance readers’ ability to both visualize anatomical structures and understand physiological topics.  Lab exercises are designed to require readers to first apply information they learned and then to critically evaluate it.  All lab exercises promote group learning and the variety offers learning experiences for all types of learners (visual, kinesthetic, and auditory). Additionally, the design of the lab exercises makes them easily adaptable for distance learning courses. This text is an unbound, three hole punched version. Cover Title Page Copyright Preface Contents Introduction Exercise 1 Anatomical Language A. Anatomical Terms B. Directional Terms C. Body Planes and Sections Exercise 1 Reviewing Your Knowledge Exercise 1 Using Your Knowledge Exercise 2 Organ Systems and Body Cavities A. Overview of Organ Systems B. Identification of Major Organs on a Torso Model C. Body Cavities D. Abdominopelvic Regions and Quadrants E. Serous Membranes F. Organ Systems, Body Cavities, and Serous Membranes in the Rat Exercise 2 Reviewing Your Knowledge Exercise 2 Using Your Knowledge Integumentary System Exercise 7 The Integumentary System Structure and Function A. Major Divisions of the Skin B. Accessory Structures of the Skin Exercise 7 Reviewing Your Knowledge Exercise 7 Using Your Knowledge Skeletal System and Joints Exercise 8 Bone Structure and Function A. Classification of Bones B. Gross Features of Long Bones C. Microscopic Structure of Compact and Spongy Bone Tissue D. Role of Collagen and Mineral Salts in Osseous Tissue Exercise 8 Reviewing Your Knowledge Exercise 8 Using Your Knowledge Exercise 9 Axial Skeleton A. The Skull B. Hyoid Bone C. Vertebral Column D. Thoracic Cage (Rib Cage) Exercise 9 Reviewing Your Knowledge Exercise 9 Using Your Knowledge Exercise 10 Appendicular Skeleton A. The Pectoral Girdle B. The Upper Limb C. Bones and Selected Bone Markings of the Pelvic Girdle D. Bones and Selected Bone Markings of the Lower Limb Exercise 10 Reviewing Your Knowledge Exercise 10 Using Your Knowledge Exercise 11 Joints and Synovial Joint Movements A. Structural and Functional Classification of Joints B. Basic Structure of Synovial Joints C. The Knee Joint D. Types of Movement at Synovial Joints E. Six Types of Synovial Joints Exercise 11 Reviewing Your Knowledge Exercise 11 Using Your Knowledge Muscular System: Skeletal Muscles Exercise 12 Skeletal Muscle Structure A. Skeletal Muscle Tissue and Connective Tissue Coverings B. Skeletal Muscle Fibers C. The Sarcomere D. The Neuromuscular Junction Exercise 12 Reviewing Your Knowledge Exercise 12 Using Your Knowledge Exercise 13 Contraction of Skeletal Muscle A. Contraction of Skeletal Muscle Fibers B. Influence of Muscle Fiber Type on Skeletal Muscle Contraction C. Control of Muscle Tension D. Isotonic and Isometric Contractions E. Recording Force Generated by Skeletal Muscle Exercise 13 Reviewing Your Knowledge Exercise 13 Using Your Knowledge Exercise 14 Skeletal Muscles and Their Actions A. Criteria for Naming Skeletal Muscle B. Skeletal Muscle Identification and Action Exercise 14 Reviewing Your Knowledge Exercise 14 Using Your Knowledge Surface Anatomy Exercise 15 Surface Anatomy A. Anterior Surface of the Head B. Lateral and Posterior Surfaces of the Head C. Anterior Surface of the Neck D. Anterior and Posterior Triangles of the Neck E. Surface Anatomy of the Chest F. Surface Anatomy of the Back G. Surface Anatomy of the Abdomen H. Surface Anatomy of the Shoulder I. Surface Anatomy of the Arm and Elbow J. Lateral Surface of Arm and Elbow K. Surface Anatomy of the Antecubital Region L. Anterior Surface of the Wrist and Hand M. Dorsal Surface of the Wrist and Hand N. Surface Anatomy of the Buttocks O. Anterior Surface of the Thigh P. Surface Anatomy of the Popliteal Region Q. Anterior Surface of the Knee R. Anterior Surface of the Leg and Ankle S. Posterior Surface of the Leg and Ankle T. Dorsal Surface of the Foot Nervous System Exercise 16 Nervous Tissue A. Overview of Nervous System B. Structure of Nervous Tissue C. Classification of Neurons D. Myelination of Axons E. Gray and White Matter in the CNS F. Synapses between Neurons Exercise 16 Reviewing Your Knowledge Exercise 16 Using Your Knowledge Exercise 17 Spinal Cord Structure and Function A. Protective Structures and Spinal Meninges B. External Features of the Spinal Cord C. Transverse Section of the Spinal Cord D. Dissection of the Spinal Cord Exercise 17 Reviewing Your Knowledge Exercise 17 Using Your Knowledge Exercise 18 Spinal Nerves A. Connective Tissue Coverings of Spinal Nerves B. Rami of the Spinal Nerves C. Spinal Nerve Divisions and the Four Spinal Plexuses D. Major Nerves from the Cervical and Brachial Plexuses E. Major Nerves from the Lumbar and Sacral Plexuses Exercise 18 Reviewing Your Knowledge Exercise 18 Using Your Knowledge Exercise 19 Somatic Reflexes A. Reflex Arcs B. Reflex Testing Exercise 19 Reviewing Your Knowledge Exercise 19 Using Your Knowledge Exercise 20 Brain Structure and Function A. Major Brain Regions B. The Brain Stem C. The Cerebellum D. The Diencephalon E. The Cerebrum F. Protection of the Brain G. Sheep Brain Dissection Exercise 20 Reviewing Your Knowledge Exercise 20 Using Your Knowledge Exercise 21 Cranial Nerves A. Name and Location of Cranial Nerves B. Testing Cranial Nerve Functions Exercise 21 Reviewing Your Knowledge Exercise 21 Using Your Knowledge Exercise 22 Autonomic Nervous System Structure and Function A. Anatomy of the Sympathetic Division B. Anatomy of the Parasympathetic Division C. Autonomic Reflexes Exercise 22 Reviewing Your Knowledge Exercise 22 Using Your Knowledge Exercise 23 General Senses A. Sensory Receptors B. Sensory Pathways C. Tactile Sensitivity of Different Body Areas D. Adaptation of Sensory Receptors E. Referred Pain Exercise 23 Reviewing Your Knowledge Exercise 23 Using Your Knowledge Exercise 24 Special Senses A. Structure of the Eye and Vision B. The Ear, Hearing, and Equilibrium C. The Nose and Olfaction D. Taste Buds and Gustation Exercise 24 Reviewing Your Knowledge Exercise 24 Using Your Knowledge Endocrine System Exercise 25 Endocrine Structure and Function A. Identification of Major Endocrine Glands B. Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland C. Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands D. Adrenal Glands E. Pancreas F. Ovaries, Testes, Pineal Gland, and Thymus G. Hormone Functions H. Animal Dissection Exercise 25 Reviewing Your Knowledge Exercise 25 Using Your Knowledge Cardiovascular System Exercise 26 Blood Components and Blood Tests A. Components of Blood B. The Structure and Function of Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells, and Platelets C. Microscopic Examination of the Formed Elements D. ABO and Rh Blood Typing E. Blood Tests Exercise 26 Reviewing Your Knowledge Exercise 26 Using Your Knowledge Exercise 27 Heart Structure and Function A. Surface Features of the Heart B. Great Vessels of the Heart C. Internal Features of the Heart D. Systemic and Pulmonary Circulations E. Coronary Circulation F. Pericardium and Layers of Heart Wall G. Dissection of a Sheep Heart Exercise 27 Reviewing Your Knowledge Exercise 27 Using Your Knowledge Exercise 28 Cardiac Cycle A. Stimulation of Cardiac Muscle Contraction B. Opening and Closing of Heart Valves C. Length of the Cardiac Cycle Exercise 28 Reviewing Your Knowledge Exercise 28 Using Your Knowledge Exercise 29 Blood Vessel Structure and Function A. Blood Vessel Structure B. Blood Pressure Exercise 29 Reviewing Your Knowledge Exercise 29 Using Your Knowledge Exercise 30 Blood Vessel Identification A. Systemic Arteries B. Systemic Veins C. Pulmonary Circulation D. Fetal Circulation Exercise 30 Reviewing Your Knowledge Exercise 30 Using Your Knowledge Lymphatic and Immune Systems Exercise 31 Lymphatic System Structure and Immune System Function A. Lymph and Lymphatic Vessels B. Lymphatic Organs and Tissues C. Structure of the Lymph Node D. Structure of the Thymus E. Structure of the Spleen F. Immune Cells Involved in Body Defense Exercise 31 Reviewing Your Knowledge Exercise 31 Using Your Knowledge Respiratory System Exercise 32 Respiratory System Structure and Function A. Gross Anatomy of the Respiratory Organs B. Microscopic Anatomy of the Respiratory System C. Animal Dissection Exercise 32 Reviewing Your Knowledge Exercise 32 Using Your Knowledge Exercise 33 Pulmonary Ventilation A. Pulmonary Ventilation B. Lung Volumes and Capacities C. Control of Pulmonary Ventilation: The Role of Carbon Dioxide Exercise 33 Reviewing Your Knowledge Exercise 33 Using Your Knowledge Digestive System Exercise 34 Digestive System Structure and Function A. Organs of the Digestive System B. Layers of the Gastrointestinal Tract and the Peritoneum D. Length of GI Tract and Transit Time E. Accessory Digestive Organs F. Histology of the Digestive System G. Animal Dissection of Digestive System Exercise 34 Reviewing Your Knowledge Exercise 34 Using Your Knowledge Exercise 35 Mechanical and Chemical Digestion A. Mechanical Digestion B. Chemical Digestion C. Bile Emulsification Exercise 35 Reviewing Your Knowledge Exercise 35 Using Your Knowledge Urinary System Exercise 36 Urinary System Structure and Function A. Location and Gross Anatomy of Urinary System Organs B. Structure of the Nephron C. Blood Flow Through the Kidneys D. Dissection of a Pig (or Sheep) Kidney E. Animal Dissection of the Urinary System F. Histology of the Urinary System Exercise 36 Reviewing Your Knowledge Exercise 36 Using Your Knowledge Exercise 37 Urine Formation and Urinalysis A. Function of the Nephron B. Urinalysis Exercise 37 Reviewing Your Knowledge Exercise 37 Using Your Knowledge Reproductive Systems Exercise 38 Male Reproductive System Structure and Function A. Male Reproductive Organs B. Accessory Structures C. Microscopic Anatomy of the Testes D. Animal Dissection Exercise 38 Reviewing Your Knowledge Exercise 38 Using Your Knowledge Exercise 39 Female Reproductive System Structure and Function A. Female Reproductive Organs B. Oogenesis and Microscopic Anatomy of the Ovary and Uterus D. Animal Dissection Exercise 39 Reviewing Your Knowledge Exercise 39 Using Your Knowledge Human Development and Heredity Exercise 40 Human Development A. Embryonic Period B. Fetal Period Exercise 40 Reviewing Your Knowledge Exercise 40 Using Your Knowledge Exercise 41 Heredity A. Basic Genetic Language B. Monohybrid Crosses and the Punnett Square C. Incomplete Dominance D. Codominance in Monohybrid Crosses E. Sex-Linked Inheritance Exercise 41 Reviewing Your Knowledge Exercise 41 Using Your Knowledge Answer Key Appendix A: Word Roots Appendix B: Skeletal Muscle Origins and Insertions Photo Credits Index