University - industry collaboration : new evidence and policy options.

Description

Foreword Reader’s guide References Acknowledgements Acronyms and abbreviations Executive summary What are the impacts of science-industry knowledge transfer on innovation? What policy instruments are implemented to support knowledge transfer? What is the impact of the policy mix and governance mechanisms? Key recommendations Main findings and recommendations Main findings Challenges in assessing the impacts of science-industry knowledge transfer on innovation and new approaches New evidence regarding science-industry knowledge transfer and its impacts A diversity of policy instruments are used for knowledge transfer Governance mechanisms to promote knowledge transfer Policy recommendations Set knowledge transfer policies that respond to industry and research needs Strengthen the policy mix for knowledge exchange References Part I. Documenting the impacts of public research institutions Chapter 1. Assessing the impacts of knowledge transfer on innovation: Channels and challenges Introduction 1.1. Channels for knowledge transfer 1.2. Indicators and methods to assess knowledge transfer 1.3. Main challenges arising for impact assessment (1) Comparability (2) Causality (3) Collection of micro data and samples (4) Consideration of broader societal impacts 1.4. Conclusions References Chapter 2. How does public research affect industry innovation and entrepreneurship? New evidence Introduction 2.1. The contribution of public research to technical invention Trends in the numbers of patent applications from universities and PRIs In which technologies are university patents increasing? Is university-industry research collaboration increasing? Is public research different from private research? 2.2. Does proximity to public research matter for industry inventions? 2.3. Public research and innovative entrepreneurship 2.4. Conclusions References Annex 2.A1 Chapter 3. Gauging social science graduates’ contributions to knowledge exchange with industry Introduction 3.1. Challenges in assessing social scientists’ role in knowledge transfer 3.2. Evidence of social science graduates’ contribution to different industries What we know from patent data analyses and case studies Insights from labour force surveys Contributions of graduates in social sciences to different sectors, compared to graduates in other disciplines Contributions of social science graduates to innovation in different sectors Contributions of social science graduates to ICT sectors compared with other disciplines 3.3. Conclusions References Annex 3.A1 Annex 3.A2 Part II. Policy instruments and the policy mix for science-industry knowledge transfer Chapter 4. Policy instruments and policy mixes for knowledge transfer Introduction 4.1. What policy instruments are in place to promote knowledge transfer? 4.2. Intermediary organisations 4.3. How countries differ in their policies to support knowledge transfer 4.4. Assessing interaction dynamics within the policy mix 4.5. Current trends and emerging policy approaches New approaches towards knowledge co-creation Adapting knowledge transfer policies to digitalisation Policies to support knowledge transfer across borders 4.6. Open questions 4.7. Conclusions References Chapter 5. New policy practice to support spin-offs Introduction 5.1. The policy mix to support spin-offs: Types of policy instruments and interactions 5.2. How do country conditions influence the policy mix to support spin-offs? 5.3. New policy approaches: focusing on quality and student entrepreneurship 5.4. The operational dimensions of spin-off policies that were critical to their success 5.5. How are RTOs contributing to the success of spin-offs? 5.6. Conclusions References Annex 5.A1 Chapter 6. Governance of public research and its implications for knowledge transfer Introduction 6.1. The autonomy of universities and PRIs 6.2. Performance contracts and other evaluation mechanisms 6.3. Industry participation in the governing boards of universities, PRIs and research councils 6.4. Conclusions References