Ethical Health Care

Description

Offering a format that is significantly different than that offered by other books, Ethical Health Care beings by asking what is meant by health and how it is achieved. The book then proceeds to explore with care and context the nature of the relationship between patients and clinicians, health care providers and the societies in which they inhabit, and finally the relationship between the health care enterprise and the international community. By emphasizing the ethical issues that arise in the broad quest to foster human health, and appreciating that health is not primarily a function of medical interventions, Ethical Health Care introduces students to problems such as the international distribution of pharmaceuticals and the dangers of reemerging infections. To a far greater extent than is done traditionally, Ethical Health Care provides an interdisciplinary perspective to bioethics, relying heavily upon the teachings of economics, law, and public health. Cover Half Title Title Copyright Dedication Contents Preface Chapter One Bioethics: Expanding Our Horizons A. Shifting Paradigms B. The Bioethical Perspective C. Questions of Justice D. The History of Public Health E. The Population Perspective Notes Recommended Readings Chapter Two The Building Blocks of Health A. What Is Health? "Health and Creative Adaptation" "The WHO Definition of Health" B. What Makes Us Healthy? "Sick Individuals and Sick Populations" "Long Live Community: Social Capital as Public Health" C. The Economics of Health Care "The American Health Care System—Expenditures" "Rationing Health Care and the Need for Credible Scarcity: Why Americans Can't Say No" Notes Recommended Readings Chapter Three The Health of Individuals A. What and Why Autonomy? "Autonomy and Informed Consent" "The Origins and Consequences of Patient Autonomy: A 25-Year Retrospective" Shine v. Vega "'Culture of Life' Politics at the Bedside— The Case of Terri Schiavo" "The Tragedy of the Commons" B. Individual Responsibility for the Health of Others Jacobson v. Massachusetts In re A.C. Ferguson v. City of Charleston "HIV Sufferers Have a Responsibility" "AIDS Prevention—Sexual Ethics and Responsibility" C. The Implications of Autonomy "The Privatization of Risk" "Taking Risks, Assessing Responsibility" "Drawing the Ethical Line between Organ Transplantation and Lifestyle Abuse" Notes Recommended Readings Chapter Four The Ethical Obligations of Health Care Providers A. The Ethical Obligations of Physicians and Other Providers The Hippocratic Oath "Medical Professionalism in Society" "Nursing: An Ethic of Caring" "Clinical Ethics and Nursing: 'Yes' to Caring, But 'No' to a Female Ethics of Care" B. The Obligations of Physicians to Provide Quality Care Helling v. Carey "Sounding Board: Informed Demand for 'Non-Beneficial' Medical Treatment" "The Case of Helga Wanglie: A New Kind of 'Right to Die' Case" "Disability and Life-Ending Decisions" Washington v. Glucksberg C. The Obligation of Confidentiality Whalen v. Roe "HIV Testing of Infants: Privacy and Public Health" "If I Am Only for Myself, What Am I? A Communitarian Look at the Privacy Stalemate" Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California D. The Physician-Patient Relationship in the Era of Managed Care "Bluffing, Puffing and Spinning in Managed-Care Organizations" "The Doctor's Master" "Managed Care, Cost Control, and the Common Good" Notes Recommended Readings Chapter Five The Ethical Obligations of Health Care Institutions A. The Ethical Obligations of Hospitals Darling v. Charleston Community Memorial Hospital "Safe Health Care: Are We Up to It? We Have to Be" Utah County v. Intermountain Health Care, Inc. B. The Ethical Obligations of Managed Care Organizations "Business vs. Medical Ethics: Conflicting Standards for Managed Care" "Moral Justice and Legal Justice in Managed Care: The Ascent of Contributive Justice" Pegram v. Herdrich "Disclosure of Operating Practices by Managed-Care Organizations to Consumers of Healthcare: Obligations of Informed Consent" C. The Ethical Obligations of Pharmaceutical Companies "The Pharmaceutical Industry—To Whom Is It Accountable?" "Good Science or Good Business?" Notes Recommended Readings Chapter Six Individuals, Society, and Health A. The Obligations of the State Constitution of the World Health Organization "Universal Declaration of Human Rights" "Justice, Fair Procedures, and the Goals of Medicine" "Health Care and the Constitution: Public Health and the Role of the State in the Framing Era" "Justice Is Good for Our Health" B. Obligations to Other Societies "Global Disparities in Health and Human Rights: A Critical Commentary" "Famine, Affluence, and Morality" "Developing Drugs for the Developing World: An Economic, Legal, Moral, and Political Dilemma" "The Dilemma of Intellectual Property Rights for Pharmaceuticals: The Tension Between Ensuring Access of the Poor to Medicines and Committing to International Agreements" C. Are Health Care Ethics Culturally Specific? "Globalisation or Westernisation? Ethical Concerns in the Whole Bio-Business" "Towards a Feminist Global Bioethics: Addressing Women's Health Concerns Worldwide" "Female Genital Circumcision and Conventionalist Ethical Relativism" Notes Recommended Readings Chapter Seven Individuals, Society, and Biomedical Science: Emerging and Reemerging Issues A. Human Subjects in Medical Research Nuremberg Code World Medical Association, "Declaration of Helsinki" Grimes v. Kennedy Krieger Institute, Inc. "The Ethics of Clinical Research in the Third World" "HIV Vaccine Trial Participation in South Africa—An Ethical Assessment" B. Science and Society "Human Cloning and Human Dignity: An Ethical Inquiry" "Too Much of a Good Thing: How Splendid Technologies Can Go Wrong" C. Bioterrorism and Emerging Infections "Public Health in an Age of Bioterrorism: Rethinking Individual Rights and Common Goods; In Defense of a Model Act that Was Written to Bring Public Health Law into the Modern Age" "Bioterrorism, Public Health, and Human Rights: Taking Human Rights Seriously Is Our Best Defense against Bioterrorism and Fosters Both the Federalization and Globalization of Public Health" "Bioterrorism: Public Health Perspectives" "Medicine and Public Health, Ethics and Human Rights" Notes Recommended Readings Credits Index