Adult Orthodontics

Description

Adult Orthodontics Complete reference work covering the increasingly prominent area of adult orthodontics Written by renowned contributors from the orthodontic community and compiled by world-class editors, Adult Orthodontics, 2nd Edition is an authoritative resource on the subject of adult orthodontics, marrying together clinical guidance with a thorough evaluation of the evidence base. Sample topics discussed within the book include: Context for adult orthodontics, including patient demographics and aetiology Treatment planning considerations, including patient case profiles, initial outcomes and longer-term expectations Interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches, including the links between adult orthodontics and periodontics, prosthetics, and temporomandibular disorders This book is an invaluable resource for professionals providing orthodontic treatment to adults and those dealing with orthodontics as part of the interdisciplinary management of the adult dentition. Adult Orthodontics Contents List of Contributors About the Companion Website Introduction Introduction: More than a Century of Progress in Adult Orthodontic Treatment 1 Potential Adult Orthodontic Patients – Who Are They? Introduction Who are the patients? How do the patients express their needs? The first visit Communicating with the patient Summary References 2 Diagnosis: Chief Complaint and Problem List Introduction Workup of a problem list – the interview and chief complaint General health Clinical examination Extraoral examination Extraoral photographs Function of the masticatory system Intraoral analysis – oral health Evaluation of dental casts – arch form Occlusal analysis Space analysis Cephalometric analysis Final problem list Indication for treatment The presentation of the problem list – the tip of the iceberg Concluding remarks References 3 Aetiology Introduction Biological background Aetiology of malocclusions in adults Age-related changes in the skeleton Age-related changes in the craniofacial skeleton Age-related changes in the local environment Consequences of deterioration of the dentition Case reports Conclusion References 4 Interdisciplinary versus Multidisciplinary Treatments Interdisciplinary or multidisciplinary treatments Establishment of an interdisciplinary team Treatment sequence Essential and optional treatment procedures Interaction during treatment Post-orthodontic treatment Patient satisfaction Examples of interdisciplinary cases References 5 Treatment Planning: The 3D VTO Determining the treatment goal using the occlusogram Production of an occlusogram: manual procedure and general concepts Responding to patients’ needs Orthodontic treatment: art or science? References 6 Tissue Reaction Orthopaedic effects Orthodontic effects in adult patients References 7 Appliance Design Introduction Treatment goal definition Anchorage evaluation Sequencing the treatment into phases Appliance selection and design Conclusion References 8 Anchorage Problems Introduction Definition Classification of anchorage Intramaxillary anchorage Differential anchorage Soft-tissue anchorage Free anchorage Intermaxillary anchorage Occlusion Differential timing of force application Conclusion Extraoral anchorage Skeletal anchorage Prosthodontic implants Temporary anchorage devices Palatal implants Palatal mini-implants with abutments, optimal insertion sites and possible mechanics Implant placement and adaption of the mechanics Clinical applications for palatal mini-implants Conclusion Onplant Retromolar implants Immediately loadable devices Zygoma ligature Miniplates Mini-implants Material Design of the intraosseous parts Design of the transmucosal parts Design of the head of the mini-implant The screwdriver Insertion site Insertion Antibiotics Load transfer Tissue reaction to loading Loading Orthodontic mechanics Alternative application of TADs used as anchorage Indications Complications What happens if the screw touches a root? Failures Problems related to the mini-implant and solutions Problems related to the insertion procedure Problems related to the patient Future of TADs References 9 Bonding Problems Related to Adult Reconstructed Dentitions Introduction Brackets The Basis of the Bonding Clinical Procedure Banding Auxiliary Attachments and Aesthetic Buttons Anchorage Needs and Reinforcement Bonded Retainers References 10 Material-Related Adverse Reactions in Orthodontics Introduction Fixed appliances Removable appliances Miscellaneous materials Concluding remarks References 11 Patients with Periodontal Problems Prevalence of periodontal disease Malocclusion and periodontal disease Orthodontics and periodontal disease Indications for orthodontic treatment in periodontally involved patients Treatment of patients with flared and extruded upper incisors Tissue reaction to intrusion of teeth with horizontal bone loss Treatment of patients with vertical bone defects What are the periodontal limits for orthodontic tooth movement? Sequence of treatment in periodontally involved patients Conclusion regarding influence of orthodontic treatment on periodontal status References 12 A Systematic Approach to the Orthodontic Treatment of Periodontally Involved Anterior Teeth Single tooth gingival recession Progressive spacing of incisors Case reports Management of periodontally involved teeth References 13 Interdisciplinary Collaboration between Orthodontics and Periodontics Introduction Periodontal diagnosis History taking and clinical and radiographic examination Screening for periodontal disease Local factors predisposing to periodontal therapy Timing of ortho–perio treatment Periodontal therapy Surgical therapy Mucogingival and aesthetic surgery Regenerative surgical therapy Supportive periodontal treatment Ortho–perio and multidisciplinary clinical cases Conclusion Acknowledgements References 14 Prosthetically Guided Orthodontic Strategies Introduction Interdisciplinary treatment planning: orthodontics in periodontal prosthesis Prosthodontic indications for orthodontic therapy Pre-prosthodontic orthodontics Role of temporisation in interdisciplinary treatment Prosthodontic finalisation References 15 Patients with Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Problems Orthodontics and dysfunction Controversy in the literature regarding TMD and occlusion Treatment and TMD Treatment of clicking joints Orthodontic treatment of patients with TMD Organisation of the treatment Conclusion References 16 Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders Introduction Classification and epidemiology Diagnostic procedures Risk factors and aetiology Pathophysiology Management Summary References 17 Clear Aligners and Their Role in Orthodontics History of aligners Difference between aligner treatments and conventional orthodontic treatments What types of patients are seeking aligner treatments? Pre-treatment considerations What has to be evaluated before the aligners are produced? Force-driven or displacement-driven aligners? Invisalign® Orthocaps® Studies on treatment efficacy and efficiency of aligner What role will the aligners play in the future? Conclusion References 18 Progressive Slenderising Technique Definition and objectives Anthropological justification of slenderising Influence of slenderising on dental plaque, caries and periodontal disease Indications Contraindications Advantages of slenderising How much enamel can be stripped? Special considerations Instrumentation for slenderising Progressive slenderising technique Slenderising with aligners The design and planning of the slenderising and preventing risks in slenderising Stripping and Bolton index How much enamel can be worn out? Facial and dental midlines Teeth size Design and planning of the stripping Progressive stripping technique Case reports References 19 Post-Treatment Maintenance Stability Biological maintenance Mechanical maintenance – retention Intermaxillary retention Active retention plates Latest technology in retainers fabrication (bonded and vacuum-formed) Virtual removal of fixed appliances and or attachments to fabricate retainers Retention after aligner orthodontic treatments Future developments Conclusion References 20 Treatment Duration: Can It be Shortened? Introduction Adjuncts to accelerate tooth movements Treatment-related factors Conclusions References 21 What are the Limits of Orthodontic Treatment? What determines the limits? Reference Index EULA