Honey and pollen flora of South-Eastern Australia

Description

This PDF book is best viewed on a desktop or tablet. Understanding the biology of flora and its value to honey bees is the core foundation for successful beekeeping. Bees feed on nectar and pollen. No food equals no bees! The flowers on which bees forage have a major impact on stocking rates and the level of nutrition available to the colony, two subjects that need to be understood for a beekeeper to be successful. Whether a beekeeper owns one hive or a thousand, the principle is the same. Floral resources within Australia underpin so many systems and animal species. Building knowledge and understanding of what they are, and how they are adapting to a changing climate, is a critical field of scientific endeavour. This publication is part of the journey to focus on the value of plants to nectarivores and honey bees in particular. The result of over 30 years of research, it distils both scientific knowledge and the opinions of hundreds of beekeepers into a reference work that will be the cornerstone of floral understanding in apiculture for years to come. Contents Acknowledgements Preface What makes an ideal apiary site? Hive stocking rate Honey bee nutrition Star rating A note on flowering charts What’s in a name? Describing plants List families – genus/species Plant profiles Glossary Bibliography and references Websites Index Cover Title page Copyright Acknowledgements Contents Preface What makes an ideal apiary site? Hive stocking rate Honey bee nutrition Essential amino acids for satisfactory honey bee nutrition Star rating A note on flowering charts What’s in a name Describing plants List of families - genus/species Plant profiles ACANTHACEAE Grey mangrove AIZOACEAE Ice plant ALLIACEAE Onions AMARANTHACEAE Foxtails ANACARDIACEAE Pepper tree Brazilian pepper tree APIACEAE Carrot Fennel ARALIACEAE Parsnip ARECACEAE Palm trees ASPHODELACEAE Onion weed ASTERACEAE Crofton weed Capeweed Groundsel Cobbler’s pegs Variable daisy Showy daisy Purple burr-daisy Woolly-headed burr daisy Nodding thistle Slender thistle Saffron thistle Safflower Cough bush Star thistle St. Barnaby’s thistle Skeleton weed Chicory Spear thistle Fleabane Artichoke thistle Sunflower Flatweed Dagger flower Sticky daisy bush Showy daisy-bush Scotch thistle Hawkweed Ragwort Fireweed grounsel Fireweed Variegated thistle Goldenrod Dandelion Crownbeard Bathurst burr BASELLACEAE Madeira vine BORAGINACEAE Paterson’s curse Viper’s bugloss Heliotrope Fiddleneck BRASSICACEAE Priddiwalkatji Twiggy turnip Canola Brassicas Mediterranean turnip Lincoln weed Wild radish Radish Turnip weed London rocket Hedge mustard CANNABACEAE Indian hemp CASUARINACEAE Black she-oak Forest oak Belah River oak Swamp oak CHENOPODIACEAE Samphire CUCURBITACEAE Melons Cucumber Pumpkin CUNONIACEAE Horizontal Leatherwood Dwarf leatherwood Pinkwood CUPRESSACEAE White cypress pine Cutting grass EBENACEAE Persimmon ELAEOCARPACEAE Blue quandong ERICACEAE Wiry ground-berry Crimson berry Pink beard-heath Common beard-heath Desert styphelia Blueberries ESCALLONIACEAE Tasmanian laurel EUPHORBIACEAE Chinese tallow tree EUPHORBIACEAE Sword bossiaea Spiny bossiaea Cactus pea Pigeon pea Tagasaste Hop bitter-pea Gorse bitter-pea Eggs and bacon Prickly parrot-pea Soybean Giant wedge-pea Hardenbergia Sulla Pointed-leaf hovea Dogwood Lotus Lupins Medics Lucerne Sweet clover Sainfoin Heath phyllota Needle shaggy pea Native holly Mesquites Graceful bush-pea Bush pea Handsome bush-pea Hairy bush-pea Black locust Senna/Cassia Darling pea Broughton pea Strawberry clover Alsike clover Balansa clover Red clover White clover Arrowleaf clover Gorse Faba bean Vetch Cowpea FABACEAE: ACACIA Mulga Brown salwood Cootamundra wattle Coast myall Gidgee Wait-a-while Black wattle Crowded-leaf wattle Silver wattle Green wattle Currawang Swamp wattle Fringed wattle Spreading wattle Needle wattle Yarran Hickory Sticky leaved wattle Small cooba Sydney golden wattle Black wattle Blackwood Myall Queensland silver wattle Western silver wattle Gosford wattle Australian golden wattle Bodalla silver wattle Mudgee wattle Sweet wattle Sunshine wattle Dead finish Elegant wattle GERANIACEAE Blue crowfoot GOODENIACEAE Cut-leaf goodenia Hop goodenia Smooth velleia Spur velleia HYPERICACEAE St John’s wort IRIDACEAE Onion grass JUGLANDACEAE Pecan LAMIACEAE Lavender Horehound Pennyroyal Victorian Christmas bush Mintweed Westringia LAURACEAE Blackbutt Avocado LOMANDRACEAE Lomandra LORANTHACEAE Mistletoe MALVACEAE Kurrajong Cotton Norfolk Island hibiscus Paddy’s Lucerne Linden MELIACEAE White cedar Red cedar MUSACEAE Banana MYRTACEAE Lilly pilly Grey myrtle Common fringe-myrtle Burgan Brush box Swamp turpentine Pohutukawa Mountain rose Feather-bush Wild may Turpentine Scalybark Heather bush Heather bush Water gum MYRTACEAE: ANGOPHORA Narrow-leaved apple Smooth-barked apple Rough-barked apple Dwarf apple Coolabah apple Broad-leaved apple Smudgy apple MYRTACEAE: CALLISTEMON Prickly bottlebrush Crimson bottlebrush Wallum bottlebrush Green bottlebrush White bottlebrush River bottlebrush Weeping bottlebrush MYRTACEAE: CORYMBIA–BLOODWOOD Yellow bloodwood Red bloodwood Pink bloodwood Long-fruited bloodwood Inland bloodwood Carbeen White bloodwood MYRTACEAE: CORYMBIA–GUM Lemon-scented gum Red-flowering gum Large-leaved spotted gum Spotted gum MYRTACEAE: EUCALYPTUS–ASH New England blackbutt New England blackbutt Yertchuk Alpine ash Brown barrel Messmate Blue Mountains ash Mountain ash Silvertop ash MYRTACEAE: EUCALYPTUS–BOX White box Scent bark Blue box Coast grey box Apple box Argyle apple Fuzzy box Coolibah Slaty box Bundy Gum-barked coolibah Black box Yellow box Grey box Grey box Napunyah Peppermint box Mountain coolibah Pilliga box Red box Bimble box Steel box Mountain yapunyah MYRTACEAE: EUCALYPTUS–GUM Cabbage gum Eurabbie Blakely’s red gum River red gum Broad-leaved sally Dirty gum Sugar gum Cup gum Monkey gum Hill gum Round-leaved gum Pink gum Tasmanian blue gum Flooded gum Scribbly gum Yellow gum Maiden’s gum Brittle gum Swamp gum Parramatta gum Snow gum Water gum Small-fruited grey gum Grey gum Scribbly gum Scribbly gum Candlebark gum Sydney blue gum Scribbly gum Narrow-leaved red gum Scribbly gum Gully gum Black sally Forest red gum Coral gum Manna gum Rough-barked manna gum MYRTACEAE: EUCALYPTUS–IRONBARK Beyer’s ironbark Caley’s ironbark Narrow-leaved ironbark Gum-top ironbark Broad-leaved ironbark Silver-leaved ironbark Blue top ironbark Tumbledown ironbark Grey ironbark Northern grey ironbark Mugga ironbark Square-fruited ironbark Coast mugga MYRTACEAE: EUCALYPTUS–MAHOGANY White mahogany Bangalay Red mahogany Swamp mahogany Broad-leaved white mahogany MYRTACEAE: EUCALYPTUS–MALLEE Port Lincon mallee Bull mallee Gooseberry mallee Stony mallee White mallee Kamarooka mallee Yorrell Yellow mallee Gippsland mallee Crimson mallee Little red mallee Grey mallee Red mallee Blue mallee Mallee box Kangaroo Island Mallee Christmas mallee Green mallee MYRTACEAE: EUCALYPTUS–PEPPERMINT Black peppermint Broad-leaved peppermint River peppermint Woollybutt Smithton peppermint Sydney peppermint Narrow-leaved peppermint Robertson’s peppermint MYRTACEAE: EUCALYPTUS–STRINGYBARK Blue-leaved stringybark Desert stringybark Brown stringybark Broad-leaved stringybark Diehard stringybark Brown stringybark Mealy stringybark Thin-leaved stringybark White stringybark Silver-topped stringybark Red stringybark Tallowwood Yellow stringybark Blackbutt Needlebark stringybark Youman’s stringybark MYRTACEAE: LEPTOSPERMUM Silver weeping tea-tree Slender tea-tree Prickly tea-tree Green tea-tree Autumn tea-tree Woolly tea-tree Swamp tea-tree Prickly tea-tree Coast tea-tree Woolly tea-tree Olive tea-tree Button tea-tree Small-leaved tea-tree Myrtle tea-tree Shining tea-tree River tea-tree Lemon-scented tea-tree Tea-tree Jelly bush River tea-tree Manuka Wallum tea-tree Tea-tree Peach-flowered tea-tree Flaky-barked tea-tree Grampians tea-tree Tea-tree White’s tea-tree MYRTACEAE: MELALEUCA Bracelet honey-myrtle Black tea-tree Paperbark Coast paperbark Tea tree (Lord Howe Island) Moonah Flax-leaved paperbark Prickly-leaved paperbark Broad-leaved tea-tree Scarlet bottlebrush Scented paperbark Prickly-leaved tea-tree Violet honey-myrtle NITRARIACEAE Dillon bush NYMPHAEACEAE Cape waterlily NYSSACEAE Tupelo OLEACEAE Ash Privet Olive Maulwood ONAGRACEAE Evening primrose OXALIDACEAE Soursob PAPAVERACEAE Mexican poppy Opium poppy PASSIFLORACEAE Passionfruit PAULOWNIACEAE Paulownia PINACEAE Radiata pine PITTOSPORACEAE Blackthorn Native frangipani Weeping pittosporum Cheesewood Sweet pittosporum PLANTAGINACEAE Buck’s-horn plantain Plantain POACEAE Grasses Sugarcane Sorghum Maize POLYGONACEAE Lignum Buckwheat Smartweed Wireweed PRIMULACEAE River mangrove PROTEACEAE White waratah Ivory curl Drumsticks Macadamia Geebung PROTEACEAE: BANKSIA Wallum banksia Hill banksia Heath-leaved banksia Coast banksia Silver banksia Fern-leaved banksia Desert banksia Swamp banksia Swamp banksia Old man banksia Hairpin banksia PROTEACEAE: GREVILLEA Grey spider flower Grevillea hybrids Prickly spider flower Silky oak Rosemary grevillea Silky grevillea Red spider flower PROTEACEAE: HAKEA Broad-leaved hakea Needlewood Willow-leaved hakea Silky hakea Hooked needlewood PUTRANJIVACEAE Greybark RANUNCULACEAE Headache vine RHAMNACEAE Red ash Pink ash Dogwood Jujube ROSACEAE Hawthorn Cherry Almonds Peach/Nectarine Plums Pear Sweet briar Blackberry Raspberries RUBIACEAE Coffee RUTACEAE Boronia Citrus White correa Rock correa Common correa Leopardwood Wilga Satinwood Long leaf waxflower SALICACEAE Willow SANTALACEAE Sandalwood SAPINDACEAE Western rosewood Whitewood Tuckeroo Fern-leaf hopbush Balloon hopbush Hopbush Guioa Lychee SCROPHULARIACEAE Bignonia emu-bush Silver turkey bush Ellangowan Harlequin fuchsia-bush Green turkey-bush Tarbush Emu bush Spotted fuchsia Budda Weeooka Turpentine bush Western boobialla Sugarwood Great mullein SOLANACEAE African boxthorn TAMARICACEAE Athel pine VERBENACEAE Lantana Lippia Purpletop XANTHORRHOEACEAE Grass trees ZYGOPHYLLACEAE Caltrop Twinleaf Glossary Bibliography and references Index