Sex Trafficking: Best practices for assessment and intervention

Description

This Brief proposes best practices for assessment and intervention with sex trafficking survivors, rooted in the existing theory and practice literatures. Based in current research and clinical practice, these recommendations are embedded in the context of cultural sensitivity. This volume provides a relevant, practical, and informative outline of sex trafficking, associated legal aspects, and best practices for mental health clinicians to aid in successful treatment of sex trafficking survivors.  Contents About the Authors Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Terms 1.3 Scope 1.4 Common Myths 1.5 Victims 1.5.1 Risk for Vulnerability 1.5.1.1 COVID-19 1.6 Sex Traffickers 1.6.1 Bottom 1.7 Sex Buyers 1.8 Process 1.8.1 Acquisition 1.8.1.1 The Role of Technology 1.8.2 Exploitation 1.8.2.1 Maintaining Control 1.8.3 Exiting 1.8.3.1 Identification 1.8.4 Post-trafficking 1.9 Conclusion References Chapter 2: Legal Aspects 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Relevant Laws and Legislation 2.2.1 Domestic 2.2.2 International 2.3 Governmental Systemic Efforts to Track Rates 2.3.1 United Nations Global Report on Trafficking in Persons 2.3.2 US Trafficking in Persons Report 2.4 The Role of Legal Corruption 2.5 Criminalization Versus Decriminalization of Sex Work/Prostitution 2.6 Legal Issues References Chapter 3: Assessments and Measures 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Identifying Victims of Sex Trafficking 3.2.1 Screening and Identification Tools 3.2.1.1 Screening and Identification Tools for Minors 3.2.1.2 Screening and Identification Tools for Adults 3.2.2 Response Following Identification 3.3 Assessing Symptoms, Needs, and Outcomes 3.4 Considerations and Recommendations References Chapter 4: Theories and Conceptual Models 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Risk Factors and Phenomenology 4.3 Complex PTSD: A Model for Understanding the Effects of Captivity and Coercive Control 4.3.1 Symptomatic Features 4.3.2 Characterological Features 4.3.3 Vulnerability to Repeated Harm 4.4 Sex Trafficking, Intimate Partner Violence, and Feminist Theory 4.5 Learned Helplessness and the Cycle of Violence 4.6 Intersectionality and Critical Race Theory References Chapter 5: Interventions 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Common Clinical Symptoms and Syndromes 5.3 A Trauma-Informed Model for Psychotherapy with CSE Survivors 5.3.1 Phase 1: Safety and Stabilization 5.3.2 Phase 2: Processing of Traumatic Memories 5.3.3 Phase 3: Reintegration 5.4 Relational Considerations 5.5 Evidence-Based Psychotherapy Interventions 5.5.1 Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) 5.5.2 Trauma-Focused CBT 5.5.3 Trauma-Processing Treatments 5.5.4 Substance Use Disorder Treatments 5.6 Pharmacotherapy 5.7 Medical Care 5.8 Other Adjunctive Treatments and Programmatic Supports References Chapter 6: Cultural Considerations 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Global Statistics 6.3 North America 6.4 Cultural Considerations Within Process 6.4.1 US Culture of Authority 6.4.1.1 Sex Trafficking Among Members of Authority 6.4.1.2 Response Efforts by Members of Authority 6.4.1.3 Victim Experiences with Members of Authority 6.4.2 Culturally Relevant Conflicts Experienced by Victims 6.4.3 United States Immigration Status 6.4.3.1 Immigration in the United States 6.4.3.2 Trafficking of Immigrants in the United States 6.4.3.3 United States Immigration Relief 6.5 Cultural Considerations for Clinical Work 6.5.1 Cultural Humility 6.5.2 Risk Factors Impacting Multicultural Victims 6.5.2.1 Coercion Within Diverse Populations 6.5.2.2 Vulnerabilities Among Undocumented Victims 6.5.3 Systemic Barriers to Multicultural Care 6.5.4 Cultural Challenges in Healthcare 6.5.5 Linguistic Implications 6.5.5.1 Diversity in Semantics and Relevant Clinical Presentations 6.6 Multicultural Experiences of Trauma 6.6.1 Potentially Traumatic Events and Victim Populations 6.6.2 Trauma-Informed Care of Diverse Victims in the United States 6.7 Conclusion References Index