Selenium: Its Molecular Biology and Role in Human Health

Description

In the current edition, Selenium: Its Molecular Biology and Role in Human Health expands extensively on the previous editions providing readers with the most significant advances in the rapidly developing selenium field. Evidence from epidemiology and veterinary science supports the essential role of selenium in (human) health, but its split personality in both preventing and supporting cancer and also in promoting insulin resistance has become more clearly defined. The pivotal role of glutathione peroxidase 4 in a new process of programmed cell death, ferroptosis, brings new impetus to the field. Recently defined mutations in selenoprotein and biosynthesis factor genes have been identified in patients, and the resulting disorders further emphasize the significance of selenoproteins in human health. The mechanism of selenoprotein biosynthesis, the functions of selenoproteins, and the roles of dietary selenium have been further elucidated, and new regulatory mechanisms involving selenoproteins discovered. The book, therefore, covers the breadth of current selenium research. With up-to-date chapters written by leaders in their fields, it serves as an invaluable resource for novices as well as specialists Front Matter....Pages i-xxxi Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Selenocysteine tRNA[Ser]Sec: From Nonsense Suppressor tRNA to the Quintessential Constituent in Selenoprotein Biosynthesis....Pages 3-12 Eukaryotic Mechanisms of Selenocysteine Incorporation and Its Reconstitution In Vitro....Pages 13-24 Probing Selenoprotein Translation by Ribosome Profiling....Pages 25-37 Pathways in De Novo Biosynthesis of Selenocysteine and Cysteine in Eukaryotes....Pages 39-45 Prokaryotic Selenoprotein Biosynthesis and Function....Pages 47-58 The Role of Selenium in Human Evolution....Pages 59-71 The Chemistry of Selenocysteine in Proteins....Pages 73-83 Evolution of Selenophosphate Synthetase....Pages 85-99 Structure and Mechanism of Selenocysteine Synthases....Pages 101-112 Mechanism, Structure, and Biological Role of Selenocysteine Lyase....Pages 113-123 Front Matter....Pages 125-125 Eukaryotic Selenoproteomes....Pages 127-139 Prokaryotic Selenoproteins and Selenoproteomes....Pages 141-150 Functional Genomics of Selenoproteins and Se-responsive Pathways....Pages 151-173 Selenium Regulation of the Selenoprotein and Non-selenoprotein Transcriptomes in a Variety of Species....Pages 175-186 Thioredoxin Reductase 1 as an Anticancer Drug Target....Pages 187-198 Basics and News on Glutathione Peroxidases....Pages 199-209 Glutathione Peroxidase 4....Pages 211-222 The 15 kDa Selenoprotein: Insights into Its Regulation and Function....Pages 223-234 Selenoprotein K and Protein Palmitoylation in Regulating Immune Cell Functions....Pages 235-243 Front Matter....Pages 245-252 Selenoprotein M: Structure, Expression and Functional Relevance....Pages 125-125 Selenoprotein P and Selenium Distribution in Mammals....Pages 253-260 Selenoprotein T: From Discovery to Functional Studies Using Conditional Knockout Mice....Pages 261-274 Biochemistry and Function of Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase....Pages 275-286 Front Matter....Pages 287-292 Selenium: Dietary Sources, Human Nutritional Requirements and Intake Across Populations....Pages 293-293 Human Clinical Trials Involving Selenium....Pages 295-305 Status of Dietary Selenium in Cancer Prevention....Pages 307-319 Selenium in HIV/AIDS....Pages 321-332 Genetic Variations in the Genes for Selenoproteins Implicate the Encoded Proteins in Cancer Etiology....Pages 333-342 Is Adequate Selenium Important for Healthy Human Pregnancy?....Pages 343-352 The Epidemiology of Selenium and Human Health....Pages 353-364 Sex-Specific Differences in Biological Effects and Metabolism of Selenium....Pages 365-376 Selenium and Endocrine Tissues....Pages 377-388 Selenium Antagonism with Mercury and Arsenic: From Chemistry to Population Health and Demography....Pages 389-400 Biological Selenium Species and Selenium Speciation in Biological Samples....Pages 401-412 Front Matter....Pages 413-424 Selenoproteins in Nervous System Development, Function and Degeneration....Pages 425-425 Interplay of Selenoproteins and Different Antioxidant Systems in Various Cancers....Pages 427-439 Glutathione Peroxidase 2, a Selenoprotein Exhibiting a Dual Personality in Preventing and Promoting Cancer....Pages 441-449 Selenoproteins in Cardiovascular Redox Pathology....Pages 451-462 What Do We Know About Selenium Contributions to Muscle Physiology?....Pages 463-474 Front Matter....Pages 475-486 Tissue-Specific Regulation of Thyroid Status by Selenodeiodinases....Pages 425-425 The Role of Selenoproteins in Resolution of Inflammation....Pages 487-498 Glutathione Peroxidase 4 and Ferroptosis....Pages 499-510 Mutations in Humans That Adversely Affect the Selenoprotein Synthesis Pathway....Pages 511-521 Alteration of Selenoprotein Expression During Stress and in Aging....Pages 523-538 Front Matter....Pages 539-551 Selenocysteine tRNA[Ser]Sec Mouse Models for Elucidating Roles of Selenoproteins in Health and Development....Pages 553-553 Mouse Models that Target Individual Selenoproteins....Pages 555-566 The Naked Mole Rat and Selenium....Pages 567-578 Glutathione Peroxidase 1: Models for Diabetes and Obesity....Pages 579-585 Selenium in Livestock and Other Domestic Animals....Pages 587-594 Back Matter....Pages 595-606 ....Pages 607-628