Organic Chemistry as a Second Language: Second Semester Topics

Description

Organic chemistry can be a challenging subject. Most students view organic chemistry as a subject requiring hours upon hours of memorization. Author David Klein’s Second Language books prove this is not true—organic chemistry is one continuous story that actually makes sense if you pay attention. Offering a unique skill-building approach, these market-leading books teach students how to ask the right questions to solve problems, study more efficiently to avoid wasting time, and learn to speak the language of organic chemistry.  The fifth edition of Organic Chemistry as a Second Language: Second Semester Topics builds upon the principles previously explored in first half of the course—delving deeper into molecular mechanisms, reactions, and analytical techniques. Hands-on exercises and thoroughly-explained solutions further reinforce student comprehension of chemical concepts and organic principles. An indispensable supplement to the primary text, this resource covers aromatic compounds, infrared (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, nucleophilic and electrophilic aromatic substitution, ketones and aldehydes, carboxylic acid derivatives, and much more. Cover Title Page Copyright Contents Chapter 1 Aromaticity 1.1 Introduction to Aromatic Compounds 1.2 Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds 1.3 Criteria for Aromaticity 1.4 Lone Pairs Chapter 2 IR Spectroscopy 2.1 Vibrational Excitation 2.2 IR Spectra 2.3 Wavenumber 2.4 Signal Intensity 2.5 Signal Shape 2.6 Analyzing an IR Spectrum Chapter 3 NMR Spectroscopy 3.1 Chemical Equivalence 3.2 Chemical Shift (Benchmark Values) 3.3 Integration 3.4 Multiplicity 3.5 Pattern Recognition 3.6 Complex Splitting 3.7 No Splitting 3.8 Hydrogen Deficiency Index (Degrees of Unsaturation) 3.9 Analyzing a Proton NMR Spectrum 3.10 13C NMR Spectroscopy Chapter 4 Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution 4.1 Halogenation and the Role of Lewis Acids 4.2 Nitration 4.3 Friedel–Crafts Alkylation and Acylation 4.4 Sulfonation 4.5 Activation and Deactivation 4.6 Directing Effects 4.7 Identifying Activators and Deactivators 4.8 Predicting and Exploiting Steric Effects 4.9 Synthesis Strategies Chapter 5 Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution 5.1 Criteria for Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution 5.2 SNAr Mechanism 5.3 Elimination–Addition 5.4 Mechanism Strategies Chapter 6 Ketones and Aldehydes 6.1 Preparation of Ketones and Aldehydes 6.2 Stability and Reactivity of C===O Bonds 6.3 H‐Nucleophiles 6.4 O‐Nucleophiles 6.5 S‐Nucleophiles 6.6 N‐Nucleophiles 6.7 C‐Nucleophiles 6.8 Exceptions to the Rule 6.9 How to Approach Synthesis Problems Chapter 7 Carboxylic Acid Derivatives 7.1 Reactivity of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives 7.2 General Rules 7.3 Acid Halides 7.4 Acid Anhydrides 7.5 Esters 7.6 Amides and Nitriles 7.7 Synthesis Problems Chapter 8 Enols and Enolates 8.1 Alpha Protons 8.2 Keto‐Enol Tautomerism 8.3 Reactions Involving Enols 8.4 Making Enolates 8.5 Haloform Reaction 8.6 Alkylation of Enolates 8.7 Aldol Reactions 8.8 Claisen Condensation 8.9 Decarboxylation 8.10 Michael Reactions Chapter 9 Amines 9.1 Nucleophilicity and Basicity of Amines 9.2 Preparation of Amines Through SN2 Reactions 9.3 Preparation of Amines Through Reductive Amination 9.4 Acylation of Amines 9.5 Reactions of Amines with Nitrous Acid 9.6 Aromatic Diazonium Salts Chapter 10 Diels–Alder Reactions 10.1 Introduction and Mechanism 10.2 The Dienophile 10.3 The Diene 10.4 Other Pericyclic Reactions Detailed Solutions Index EULA