Catholics and Violence in the Nineteenth-Century Global World

Description

This book analyzes violence involving Catholics in the nineteenth-century world – revealing the motives for violence, showing the link between religious and secular grievances, and illuminating Catholic pluralism. Catholics and Violence in the Nineteenth-Century Global World is the first study to systematically analyze the link between faith and violent action in modern history. Focusing on incidents involving members of the Roman Catholic Church across the globe, the book offers a kaleidoscopic overview of situations in which physical or symbolic violence attended inner-Catholic, Catholic-secular, and interreligious conflicts. Focusing especially on the role of agency, the authors explore the motives behind, perceptions of, and legitimation strategies for religion-related violence, as well as evaluating debates about conflict and discussing the role of religious leadership in violent incidents. Additionally, they illuminate the complex ways in which religious grievances interacted with secular differences and highlight the plurality of Catholic standpoints. In doing so, the book brings to light the variety of ways in which religion and violence have interacted historically. Showing that the link between faith and violence was more nuanced than theoreticians of ‘religious violence’ suggest, the book will appeal to historians, social scientists, and religious scholars. Cover Half Title Series Page Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents List of Figures Foreword Acknowledgements List of Contributors Violence and the Negotiation of Difference: Nineteenth-Century Catholic Encounters with the Religious and Secular Other Catholicism: Church and People in the Nineteenth Century Religion-Related Violence: Theory and Historiography Chapter Overview Notes Bibliography Part I: Rejecting Secularization Chapter 1: Religion and Violence during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars: Between Tradition and Modernity The Secularizing Impulse of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Armies A War of “Religion and Justice” French Violence and Religious Symbolism Religion and Violence in a Broader Context Conclusion Notes Bibliography Chapter 2: “To Be Consumed in Suffering for His Love” : Violence, Religion, and Counterrevolution in Restoration Spain Catholicism and Counterrevolution Political Theology and the Primacy of Suffering The Enemy at the Gates: Anticlerical Violence and its Effects Conclusion Notes Bibliography Chapter 3: Anti-Liberal Violence in Belgium: Catholics in Defiance of State Legislation, 1857–1884 Violence in Relation to the Catholic–Clerical Sphere before 1879 An “Ill-Fated Law”: Catholic Responses to the Van Humbeeck Law Mobilization against the Van Humbeeck Law: The Violent Protest in Heule Catholic Resistance against the Van Humbeeck Law: A Typology Catholics and Violence in Belgium: A History of Pluralism Notes Bibliography Part II: Contending Clericalism Chapter 4: Collective Violence and the Religious Politicization of Peasants on the Habsburg Periphery: Rabatz and Antisemitic Riots in West Galicia, 1846–1898 Multi-Ethnicity and Neo-Feudalism in Galicia during the Age of Metternich Galician Slaughter or a Mere Rumble? Extreme Acts of Peasant Violence in Winter 1846 With the Benefit of Hindsight: The Clergy and the Political Mobilization of Peasants, 1846–1898 New Wave of Peasant Violence: Anti-Jewish Riots in Spring 1898 Conclusion Notes Bibliography Chapter 5: Between the Soldiers of Pius IX and the Sons of Saint Felicitas: Catholic Pluralism and Religionero Violence in Michoacán, Mexico, 1873–1877 The Religioneros and Mexico’s Stalled Nineteenth-Century Secularization Spiritual Intransigence, Political Accommodation “Ready to Spill All Our Blood with God's Aid”: Rhetoric and Violence in Michoacán Conclusion Notes Bibliography Chapter 6: Religion and Violence in Nineteenth-Century Argentina: Teachings from the 1875 Anticlerical Riots Catholicism and Violence in Nineteenth-Century Argentina The 1875 Riots in the Province of Buenos Aires Conclusions Notes Bibliography Part III: Resisting Religious Pluralization Chapter 7: From Violent Acts to Violent Hatred: French Catholic Responses to the Damascus and Dreyfus Affairs The Damascus Affair The Catholic Press in France Catholics and Jews in France 1898: The “Antisemitic Moment” 48 Conclusion Notes Bibliography Chapter 8: The Trillick Railway Outrage: The Politics of Atrocity in Post-Famine Ulster Religion in Post-Famine Ulster Writing the Rails: Interpreting Trillick Changing the Conversation: The Politics of Atrocity Conclusion Notes Bibliography Chapter 9: Catholicism and Violence in Korea: Two Case Studies from the Chosŏn Dynasty Korea in the Nineteenth Century The Persecution of 1801 The 1901 Cheju Island Persecution Conclusion Notes Bibliography Part IV: Imposing a Catholic Order Chapter 10: Violence in Circulation?: Missionaries, Local Population, and Colonial Politics during the German War on the East African Coast, 1888–1889 Missionaries Abroad: Benedictines in East Africa, 1888–1889 Benedictine Missionaries and Company Rule Media Framing: How a Conflict over Political Rule Became a Religious War Humanitarianism, Anti-Slavery, and the Christian Mission to Civilize: Fundamentals of Modern German Colonialism Conclusion Notes Bibliography Chapter 11: Catholic Missionaries in Central Africa: Violence and the Creation of Religious Statehood in South-Eastern Congo during the Partition Era, 1867–1914 Militaristic Violence and Society in East-Central Africa The Arrival of the ‘Spiritans’ and the ‘White Fathers’ The White Fathers and the Making of a ‘Christian Kingdom’ in South-Eastern Congo The White Fathers’ Disciplinary Regime Emilio Callewaert, the Spiritans, and Corporal Punishment Conclusion Notes Bibliography Chapter 12: “The Children Grow Up Without Discipline”: Religion, Childhood, and Violence in Colonial New Guinea around 1900 The Catholic Mission on Tumleo Violence in the Mission School Religious Patterns of Legitimizing Violence on Children Conclusion Notes Bibliography Part V: Opposing Catholic Invasion Chapter 13: Pageantry in the Shadow of Violence: Celebrating Fête-Dieu in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Montreal Cosmopolitan and Turbulent: Montreal’s Public Culture The Contested Notion of Montreal’s Catholic Revival The Politics of Public Space in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Montreal Fête-Dieu on the Pages of Montreal’s Sectarian Press Conclusion: A City Steps Back From the Brink of Violence Notes Bibliography Chapter 14: The Popery Panic: Nativism, Anti-Catholicism, and Violence in Antebellum America Nativism and Anti-Catholicism in the United States, 1830–1860 Instances of Nativist Anti-Catholicism Raid on Mount Benedict Awful Disclosures of the Hotel Dieu Nunnery The Philadelphia Riots Death for the Bishop These Violent Delights Notes Bibliography Chapter 15: Occasional Martyrs: Catholic Life in Nineteenth-Century China between Coexistence and Subjugation Christianity in China The Early Nineteenth Century: State Authority between Moral Management and Social Control Intra-Communal Tensions as a Reason for Christian Conversion Conclusion: Between Integration and Confrontation Notes Bibliography Part VI: Conclusions Chapter 16: Parameters of Religion-Related Violence in Modern History The Many Faces of Violence Involving Catholics Catholicism as a Category of Difference Theorizing the Link between Religion and Violence: Lessons from the Nineteenth Century Index