The Land Beyond the Border: State Formation and Territorial Expansion in Syria, Morocco, and Israel

Description

Based on three case studies from the Middle East, The Land beyond the Border advances an innovative theoretical framework for the study of state expansions and state contractions. Johannes Becke argues that state expansion can be theorized according to four basic ideal types--a form of patronage (patronization), the imposition of a satellite regime (satellization), the establishment of territorial exclaves (exclavization), or a full-fledged takeover (incorporation). Becke discusses how both irredentist ideologies and political realities have shaped the dynamics of state expansion and state contraction in the recent history of each state. By studying Israel comparatively with other Middle Eastern regimes, this book forms part of an emerging research agenda seeking to bring the research fields of Israel Studies and Middle East Studies closer together. Instead of treating Israel's rule over the occupied territories as an isolated case, Becke offers students the chance to understand Israel's settlement project within the broader framework of postcolonial state formation. Contents List of Illustrations Acknowledgments Preface Introduction The Paradox of Postcolonial State Expansions From Greater Indonesia to Greater Israel Comparison and Exceptionalism in the Research Literature Chapter 1 A Theory of Postcolonial State Expansions A Causal Pathway of Postcolonial State Expansions Varieties of State Expansion Varieties of State Contraction Taxonomies of Rule and Resistance A Note on Case Selection Contribution to the Literature Chapter 2 The Late Colonial State in the Middle East The Legacy of Self-Destruct Colonialism in the Maghreb and the Levant The French Mandate in Syria and Lebanon The Franco-Spanish Protectorate in Morocco The British Mandate in Palestine Jews, Berbers, Alawites: The Colonial Minority Policy Create Two, Three, Many Lebanons The Berbers, the Sultan, and “Old Morocco” The Other Natives: British Ambivalence toward Zionism From State Evasion to State Formation The Alawite State and the Alawite Rise to Power The Rif Republic: A Home for All Berbers? The Zionist Project as the Last Minority State Conclusion Chapter 3 After Empire: Colonial Legacies and Postcolonial State Formation Essentially Contested Statehood: Challenges to State Legitimacy The Case Against Syria Alternatives to Alawism One State, Two States, No State Nonsovereign Statehood: Challenges to Stateness The Struggle for Syria Defending Morocco in the Rif Hunting Season in Palestine Irredentist Nation Building: The Land beyond the Border Greater Syria: From Cyprus to the Euphrates Greater Morocco: Down to the Senegal River Greater Israel: On Both Banks of the Jordan River Militarized State Building: Putting the State on the Map The Syrian Nation-in-Arms The Royal Armed Forces and the Palace The Origins of Israeli Militarism Conclusion Chapter 4 Varieties of State Expansion Institutional Lock-In: The Logic of Predatory State Consolidation Syria: One Nation in Two States Morocco: The Saharan Consensus Israel: The Return to the Sources Syrianization, Moroccanization, and Judaization Patronization: The Rise of the Syrian Godfather Incorporation: Morocco’s Saharan Provinces Exclavization: Jewish Settlements and the Dynamics of Miniaturization A New Type of State? Comparing First-Wave and Second-Wave State Expansions From the Druze Mountain to Mount Lebanon From the Rif to the Sahara From the Galilee to the Judean Mountains Conclusion Chapter 5 Resistance and Institutional Change Varieties of Resistance Lebanese Resistance and Maronite Counteridentities The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic as a Counterinstitution Counterforce and Counternarratives in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Institutional Change and Institutional Inertia Lebanon after 1989: From Patronization to Satellization Western Sahara after 1991: Entrenched Incorporation The Occupied Territories after 1993: Integrating Exclavization and Satellization Conclusion Chapter 6 State Expansions and State Contractions after the End of the Cold War Patterns of Territorial Entrenchment Syria’s Rule over Lebanon After the Ta’if Agreement (1989) Morocco’s Rule over Western Sahara after the Settlement Plan (1991) Israel’s Rule over the Occupied Territories after the Oslo Accords (1993) Shifting Dynamics of Countermobilization Lebanese Resistance against Syrian Satellization Sahrawi Resistance against Moroccan Incorporation Palestinian Resistance against Israeli Exclavization Varieties of State Contraction Desatellization: Syria’s Withdrawal from Lebanon Scenarios of Satellization in Western Sahara Depatronization in Southern Lebanon, Deexclavization in Gaza Conclusion Chapter 7 Varieties of Expansionism in Global Comparison State Expansions after World War II State Contractions after World War II Exclaves and Satellite States: Comparing Cyprus, East Timor, and Crimea From Exclavization to Deexclavization: Turkish Rule over Northern Cyprus (since 1974) From Incorporation to Disincorporation: Indonesia’s Capture of East Timor (1975–1999) Staging Incorporation as Reincorporation: Russia’s Capture of Crimea (2014) Conclusion Irredentism after Empire Varieties of Expansionism Countermobilization and State Contraction In-Case Variety and Mixed Cases Studying Israel as a Middle Eastern Society Notes Works Cited Index