Laws of form

Description

Laws of Form (hereinafter LoF) is a book by G. Spencer-Brown, published in 1969, that straddles the boundary between mathematics and philosophy. LoF describes three distinct logical systems: The "primary arithmetic" (described in Chapter 4 of LoF), whose models include Boolean arithmetic; The "primary algebra" (Chapter 6 of LoF), whose models include the two-element Boolean algebra (hereinafter abbreviated 2), Boolean logic, and the classical propositional calculus; "Equations of the second degree" (Chapter 11), whose interpretations include finite automata and Alonzo Church's Restricted Recursive Arithmetic (RRA). "Boundary algebra" is Meguire's (2011)[1] term for the union of the primary algebra and the primary arithmetic. Laws of Form sometimes loosely refers to the "primary algebra" as well as to LoF. Cover Title Page Copyright Page A NOTE ON THE MATHEMATICAL APPROACH Table of Contents 1 The form 2 Forms taken out of the form 3 The conception of calculation 4 The primary arithmetic 5 A calculus taken out of the calculus 6 The primary algebra 7 Theorems of the second order 8 Re-uniting the two orders 9 Completeness 10 Independence 11 Equations of the second degree 12 Re-entry into the form Notes Appendix 1 PROOFS OF SHEFFERS POSTULATES Appendix 2 THE CALCULUS INTERPRETED FOR LOGIC INDEX OF REFERENCES