Piping Engineering: Preventing Fugitive Emission in the Oil and Gas Industry

Description

Eliminate or reduce unwanted emissions with the piping engineering techniques and strategies contained in this book Piping Engineering: Preventing Fugitive Emission in the Oil and Gas Industry is a practical and comprehensive examination of strategies for the reduction or avoidance of fugitive emissions in the oil and gas industry. The book covers key considerations and calculations for piping and fitting design and selection, maintenance, and troubleshooting to eliminate or reduce emissions, as well as the various components that can allow for or cause them, including piping flange joints. The author explores leak detection and repair (LDAR), a key technique for managing fugitive emissions. He also discusses piping stresses, like principal, displacement, sustained, occasional, and reaction loads, and how to calculate these loads and acceptable limits. Various devices to tighten the bolts for flanges are described, as are essential flange fabrications and installation tolerances. The book also includes: Various methods and calculations for corrosion rate calculation, flange leakage analysis, and different piping load measurementsIndustry case studies that include calculations, codes, and referencesFocuses on critical areas related to piping engineering to prevent emission, including material and corrosion, stress analysis, flange joints, and weld jointsCoverage of piping material selection for offshore oil and gas and onshore refineries and petrochemical plants Ideal for professionals in the oil and gas industry and mechanical and piping engineers, Piping Engineering: Preventing Fugitive Emission in the Oil and Gas Industry is also a must-read resource for environmental engineers in the public and private sectors. Piping Engineering Contents Author Biography 1 An Introduction to Fugitive Emission, Piping Engineering, and LDAR 1.1 Introduction to Fugitive Emission 1.2 Introduction to Piping Engineering 1.3 Causes of Piping Failure and Leakage 1.4 Leak Detection and Repair (LDAR) 1.4.1 Composite Repair 1.4.2 Mechanical Clamp Repair 1.4.3 Welded Leak Box Repair 1.4.4 External Weld Overlay 1.4.5 Sleeve Repair 1.5 Questions and Answers Further Readings 2 Piping Pressure Design to Prevent Leakage and Emission 2.1 Introduction to Piping Design 2.2 Piping and Pipeline Wall Thickness Calculation 2.2.1 Piping Wall Thickness Calculation as per ASME B31.3 2.2.2 Pipeline Wall Thickness Calculation 2.3 Pipe Fittings Wall Thickness/Pressure Rating 2.4 Flange Pressure Rating and Thickness Selection 2.5 Questions and Answers Further Readings 3 Piping Stress Analysis to Prevent Operational Failure 3.1 Introduction to Piping Stress Analysis 3.2 Principal Piping Stresses 3.3 Sustained Loads 3.4 Occasional Loads 3.4.1 Earthquake and Blast Load 3.4.2 Wind Load 3.5 Displacement Stress 3.5.1 Stress Intensification Factor (SIF) 3.6 Piping Reaction Forces 3.6.1 Pressure Safety/Relief Valve Reaction Force 3.6.2 Slug Flow Reaction Force 3.6.3 Water Hammering Load Calculation 3.7 Conclusion 3.8 Questions and Answers Further Readings 4 Piping Flange Joints 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Flanges 4.2.1 Flange Standards 4.2.2 Flange Types 4.2.3 Flange Faces 4.2.4 Flange Surface (Face) Finish 4.2.5 Flange Identification 4.2.6 Flange Installation 4.3 Gaskets 4.3.1 Nonmetallic Flat Gaskets 4.3.2 Semimetallic Gaskets 4.3.3 Metallic Gaskets 4.4 Bolting (Bolts and Nuts) 4.4.1 Bolt Tightening 4.5 Mechanical Joints (Hubs and Clamps) 4.6 Compact Flanges 4.7 Questions and Answers Appendix A Further Readings 5 Piping Flange Joint Calculations 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Bolt Length Determination and Calculation 5.2.1 Long Bolt Length Calculation for Wafer Body Valves 5.2.2 Long Bolt Length Calculation for Flanges with Line Blanks 5.3 Flange Leakage Analysis 5.3.1 Bolting Characteristics 5.3.2 Gasket Behavior 5.3.3 Combination of Bolt Loads and Gasket Reaction 5.3.4 Flange Loading 5.3.5 Pressure Equivalent Method 5.4 Questions and Answers Appendix A Further Readings 6 Piping Material Selection and Corrosion Prevention 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Onshore Pipeline 6.2.1 Onshore Pipeline Material Selection 6.2.2 External Corrosion 6.2.3 Pipeline External Corrosion Protection 6.2.4 Pipeline Internal Corrosion Types and Mitigation 6.3 Onshore Piping 6.3.1 Onshore Piping Material Selection 6.3.2 Onshore Piping Corrosion Types 6.4 Offshore Piping 6.4.1 Offshore Piping Material Selection 6.4.2 Offshore Piping Corrosion Study 6.5 Questions and Answers Further Readings 7 Piping Component Selection and Identification 7.1 Introduction and Overview 7.2 Pipe 7.3 Pipe Fittings 7.3.1 Fittings for Piping Route Change 7.3.2 Fittings for Pipe Size Change 7.3.3 Fittings for Branching 7.3.4 Fittings for Pipe Termination or Blinding 7.4 Questions and Answers Further Readings 8 Piping Fabrication, Inspection, and Testing 8.1 Introduction and Overview 8.2 Fabrication, Assembly, and Erection 8.2.1 Welding 8.3 Inspection 8.3.1 Introduction 8.3.2 Welding Inspection 8.4 Piping Pressure Test 8.4.1 Test Media 8.4.2 Test Preparation 8.4.3 Test Implementation 8.5 Questions and Answers Further Readings Index EULA