The Holocaust and Genocides in Europe

Description

Focusing on the major cases of genocide in twentieth-century Europe, including the Armenian genocide, the Holocaust, and genocide in the former Yugoslavia, as well as mass killing in the Soviet Union, this book outlines the internal and external roots of genocide. Internal causes lie in the rise of radical nationalism and the breakdown of old empires, while external causes lie in the experience of mass violence in European colonial empires. Such roots did not make any case of genocide inevitable but did create models for mass destruction. The book enables students to assess the interplay between general causes of violence and the specific crises that accelerated moves towards radical genocidal policies. Chapters on the major cases of twentieth-century European genocide will each describe and analyse several key themes: acts of genocide; perpetrators, victims and bystanders; and genocide in particular regions. Using the voices of the human actors in genocide, often ignored or forgotten, provides arresting new insights. The conclusion frames European genocide in a global perspective, giving students an entry point to discussion of genocide in other continents and historical periods. Cover HalfTitle Title Copyright Contents List of illustrations Introduction: The Holocaust and the genocides in Europe Definitions Approaches 1 Origins of genocide and paths to genocide Colonialism and imperialism Conquest of the Americas The scramble for Africa and the Congo German Southwest Africa Settler society and aborigines in Australia From imperialism to genocide? Politics and science of identity Nationalism Racism and anti-Semitism Racial science Changing political boundaries and forms of government The First World War The Second World War Wars at the End of the Cold War Making connections: The German case Study questions 2 Armenian Genocide Toward Genocide Ottoman roots The rise of the Young Turks Radicalization Planning: Temporary deportation law as end point or starting point Genocide Assault against Armenian soldiers and leaders Deportations From ethnic cleansing to genocide Regions of genocide: Erzerum, Constantinople, Dersim Perpetrators Victims and survivors Bystanders Greeks and Assyrians The end of genocide Denial and genocide The Armenian Genocide and European Genocide Study questions 3 Mass killing in the Soviet Union Terror and Famine before the Second World War The roots of the Gulag Collectivization and Famine The Great Purge Ethnic cleansing Punished peoples during the Second World War Perpetrators, bystanders, and victims Mass killing in the Soviet Union Study questions 4 The Holocaust Paths toward the Holocaust Hitler’s goals The racial state A new Europe Toward the “Final Solution” Pogroms Mobile killing Death camps Death marches SS and SD Police forces and soldiers Motives Bystanders Information Gray zone Rescue Neutrals and Allies Facing deportation The possibility of escape Resistance Gypsies Poles and Slavs Communists, gay men, Jehovah’s Witnesses The Holocaust and genocide Study questions 5 Ethnic cleansing and acts of genocide in the former Yugoslavia Toward ethnic cleansing Ethnic and national tension in Yugoslavia The breakup of Yugoslavia War Ethnic cleansing Ethnic cleansing begins Methods of ethnic cleansing Initial outcomes of ethnic cleansing Expansion of ethnic cleansing Kosovo Ethnic cleansing, genocide, and acts of genocide Camps Acts of genocide Gendercide and genocide in Bosnia Study questions Conclusion Patterns in european genocide Prior intent and radicalization Perpetrators, victims, and bystanders Cycles of violence Aftermaths of genocide Knowledge of genocide Coming to terms with the past Imperialism, decolonization, and genocide The Cambodian Genocide Genocide in the world and genocidein Europe Law and prevention Genocide and international law Lessons from Europe—preventing genocide Study questions Notes Glossary Bibliography Index