Nature and Treatment of Stuttering: New Directions

Description

Contributors Contents SECTION ONE Characteristics of stuttering and stutterers Chapter 1 Epidemiology of Stuttering Chapter 2 Identification of Stutteringand Stutterers Chapter 3 Stuttering Secondary toNervous System Damage Chapter 4 Central Nervous SystemCharacteristics of Stutterers TABLE 4-1. Variables affecting hemispheric activation Chapter 5 Stuttering and AuditoryFunction Chapter 6 Laryngeal Dynamicsof Stutterers LARYNGEAL ONSET AND REACTION TIMEOF STUTTERERS FIGURE 6-1. FIGURE 6-2. TABLE 6-1. FIGURE 6-3. TABLE 6-2. LARYNGEAL MUSCLE ACTIVITY OF STUTTERERS TABLE 6-3. Muscles and Subjects in Studies of Laryngeal Muscle Activity in Stutterers TABLE 6-4. Electromyographic Studies of Disfluencies in Normals OBSERVING LARYNGEAL MOVEMENTSOF STUTTERERS TABLE 6-5. FIGURE 6-4. FIGURE 6-5. FIGURE 6-6 FIGURE 6-7. FIGURE 6-8. Chapter 7 Articulatory Dynamicsof Stutterers FIGURE 7-1. The elephant and the wise men. FIGURE 7-2. Description (clues) and Explanation. FIGURE 7-3. SECTION TWO Theoretical perspectives of stuttering Chapter 8 Stuttering as a Genetic Disorder FIGURE 8-1. Selected pedigrees of stutterers. TABLE 8-1. Frequencies of stutterers among relatives of adult stutterers categorized by sex TABLE 8-2. Risk to siblings and children of adult MALE stutterersaccording to family type TABLE 8-3. Risk to siblings and children of adult FEMALE stutteringprobands according to family type. FIGURE 8-2. A simplified graphical representation of the single-major locus model TABLE 8-4. Single-Major-Locus Analysis of Stuttering Estimates of Genetic Parameters TABLE 8·5. Recovered and Persistent Stutterers among Relatives ofAdult Persistent Probands Chapter 9 Stuttering as anAnticipatory Struggle Disorder A NOTE ON METHODOLOGY STATEMENT OF THE THEORY LEARNING VERSUS HEREDITY IN STUTTERING THE INFLUENCE OF BELIEFS ON STUTTERING THE RELATION OF STUTTERING TO ANTICIPATORY EVENTS THE ROLE OF STIMULI REPRESENTATIVE OF PAST STUTTERING EXPLANATORY POTENTIAL OF THE HYPOTHESIS THE ETIOLOGY OF STUTTERING CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS REFERENCES Chapter 10 Stuttering as an Operant Disorder TABLE 10-1. Chapter 11 Stuttering as a ProsodicDisorder INTRODUCTION PROSODY: A BRIEF GENERAL STATEMENT PROSODIC INVOLVEMENT IN STUTTERING Direct evidence TABLE 11-1. TABLE 11-2. TABLE 11-3. Distribution of the Stressed Syllable in Polysyllabic Words FIGURE 11-1. TABLE 11-4. Influence of Early Sentence Position on the Content Word/Function Word Ratio of Stuttering FIGURE 11-2. Indirect evidence: The ameliorative conditions NOTES REFERENCES Chapter 12 Stuttering as a Cognitive Linguistic Disorder TABLE 12-1. Conceptual Models of Language and Stuttering:Definitions APPENDIX: Language Model References and Key Concepts Chapter 13 Stuttering as a Sequencingand Timing Disorder THE METATHEORY UNDERLYING STUTTERING RESEARCH A GENERAL THEORY OF SPEECH PRODUCTION The motor program for words FIGURE 13-1. The sequential activating mechanism: Sequence nodes The temporal activating mechanism: Timing nodes An example FIGURE 13-2. ERRORS WITHIN THE THEORY FIGURE 13·3. FEEDBACK WITHIN THE THEORY INTEGRATION OF STUTTERING INTO THE THEORY The surface characteristics of stuttering FIGURE 13·4. The distributional characteristics of stuttering The level at which stuttering originates STUTTERING AND THE PROCESSING OF AUDITORY INPUT Theoretical explanation of the auditory effects CONCLUSION NOTES REFERENCES Chapter 14 Stuttering as a TemporalProgramming Disorder INTRODUCTION ANOMALOUS HEMISPHERIC ASYMMETRIES SPECULATIONS ON GENETIC FACTORS FLUENCY-INDUCING CONDITIONS: COMMON ROOTS STUTTERING AS A DEFICIT IN TEMPORAL PROGRAMMING SUMMARY NOTES REFERENCES SECTION THREE Clinical management of stutterers Chapter 15 Assessment Strategies for Stuttering APPENDIX B - STUTTERING DATA SHEET(ADULT) Chapter 16 Prevention of Stuttering: Management of Early Stages FIGURE 16-1. Overview of Differential Evaluation and Therapy FIGURE 16-2. Continuum of Disfluent Speech Behaviors TABLE 16-1. Chart of Disfluent Episodes Chapter 17 Treatment of the YoungChronic Stutterer: ManagingStuttering Chapter 18 Treatment of the Young Chronic Stutterer: Managing Fluency Figure 18-1 Chapter 19 Treatment of Adults:Managing Stuttering TABLE 19-1. Figure 19-1 Figure 19-2. APPENDIX 19-1. Calming the Stutterer and Stuttering APPENDIX 19-2. Stuttering Replacement Response Chapter 20 Treatment of Adult Stutterers: Managing Fluency Chapter 21 Generalization and Maintenance of Treatment Author Index Subject Index