ENGLISH

Handbook of electrical hazards and accidents

By Leslie A. Geddes

Book information

Publisher
CRC Press
Year
1995
ISBN
0-8493-9431-7, 978-1-315-89339-6, 978-1-351-07249-6, 9780849394317
Language
english
Format
PDF
Filesize
12 MB (12534913 bytes)
Edition
1
Pages
204\211
Time added
2018-04-04 20:00:00
Electrical injuries.;Olyckor.;Elektricitet.;Hälso

Description

This book is written mainly for attorneys, physicians, and investigators who are concerned with accidents associated with electric current. It is based on approximately 50 years of personal research, augmented by experience in teaching medical and biomedical engineering students and as an expert witness in litigation involving electrical injury. The material is presented in two ways: non-technically, for attorneys and physicians, and technically, for their expert witnesses and engineers. Since there is no typical electrical accident, the accidents described and the material presented in the chapters are selected to aid the reader in explaining the cause of any particular electrical accident. The first chapter presents a short history of electrical accidents, along with selected accident descriptions in the home, work place, and hospital. Chapter 2 deals with the fundamental processes whereby electric current stimulates excitable tissue, such as sensory receptors, nerves, and muscles. The response to the passage of low-frequency alternating current through the body-e.g., muscle stimulation, ventricular fibrillation, and burns-is covered in Chapter 3. Lightning and lightning injuries are discussed in Chapter 4. The effects of high-frequency (electrosurgical and diathermy) currents-and the types of injury encountered-are discussed in Chapter 5. Because current preferentially seeks tissues with the lowest resistivity, Chapter 6 provides knowledge of the resistivity values for tissues, organs, and body fluids, allowing estimation of the current path. The same chapter presents information on the resistance of body segments and of a contacting conductor, showing the nonlinear nature of such contacts where tissues are boiled, charred, and burned Content: Electrical AccidentsIntroductionHistorical BackgroundBurnsCurrent Flow and Contact SitesElectrical AccidentsPost-Electrical Injury SequelaeWiring CodesMedical DevicesConclusionStimulation of Excitable Tissue and Sensory StimulatorsIntroductionStrength-Duration CurveMechanism of StimulationImplications of the Strength-Duration CurveSummary of StimulationDirect-Current ApplicationsSensory and Stunning StimulatorsMagnetic (Eddy-Current) StimulationMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)ConclusionResponse to Low-Frequency Alternating Current Passing Through the BodyIntroductionEncounterable SourcesPathophysiological EffectsAlternating Current Applied to the HeadHigh-Voltage Injury and BurnsLegal ElectrocutionEuthanasiaLeakage CurrentGround-Fault Circuit InterrupterIsolated Power SupplyStray VoltageStray-Capacitive CouplingEnvironmental Considerations of Power LinesLightning InjuriesIntroductionNature of LightningPathophysiological ResponseStep VoltageLightning StrikeTypes of ContactNature of InjuriesConclusionResponse to High-Frequency Alternating Current Passing Through the BodyIntroductionElectrosurgeryDispersive ElectrodesPatient SentryPatient Return MonitorPerformance StandardsSkin BurnsTypical AccidentsDiathermyPower-Handling Capability of the Body and Magnetic Resonance ImagingTranscutaneous HF Power TransmissionContact HF BurnsElectrical Properties of Living TissuesIntroductionImpedance Locus PlotEffect of TemperatureTissue ResistivityBody FluidsBloodPhysiological SolutionsMuscleLungKidneySpleenNerve TissueLiverPancreasFatBoneBody SegmentsCurrent Density and Cell-Membrane BreakdownBody ImpedanceCurrent DistributionIndex

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