The War Against Nonhuman Animals: A Non-Speciesist Understanding of Gendered Reproductive Violence

Description

We are currently engaged in an existential species war against nonhuman animals. This book argues that, during this war, nonhuman animals should be granted legal personhood and treated as ‘protected persons’ rather than the property of ‘protected persons.’ The main argument is that War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity – rape, forced pregnancy and other acts of sexual violence – are being committed within the meat, egg and dairy industries. Avoiding ‘dreaded comparisons’, the book explores shared sources of oppression between human and nonhuman animals who are subject to the expressions and consequences of reproductive violence. It asks: what drives and facilitates the war against nonhuman animals? And what are the global consequences of this war? Throughout, it demonstrates how racism, sexism, and speciesism informs both intrahuman violence and the violence(s) of the animal-industrial complex. Ultimately the book asks us to reconsider what it means to be human.   Acknowledgments Contents 1 Introduction: The War Against Nonhuman Animals Inspiration for Writing the Book Setting the Scene The Terminology Used in the Book The Violence(s) Discussed in This Book Reproductive Violence and Reproductive Coercion The ‘Dreaded Comparisons:’ Atrocity and Slavery Analogies Slavery Violence Against Women Moving Forward with a ‘Multi-Optic’ Vision The War Against Nonhuman Animals Wadiwel (2015) The War Against Animals Institutional Violence Epistemic Violence My Thesis on the War Against Nonhuman Animals International Humanitarian Law, the Geneva Conventions, and the Additional Protocols Armed Conflict Avenue 1: Nonhuman Animals as Combatants/Civilians Avenue 2: Nonhuman Animals as Objects and Military Targets A Criminology of War The Case Studies and Populations Included in the Book Methodology and Analytical Framework The Main Arguments of the Book Organization of  the Book References 2 Granting Nonhuman Animals Legal Personhood: The Implications for Human and Nonhuman Animals Introduction Intersectionality and Species Difference Speciesism and Animal Sentience The Legal Context The New Speciesism Philosophical Discourses on Nonhuman Animals Animal Rights and the Legal Personhood Status of Nonhuman Animals Equal Consideration and Consciousness Autonomy and Self-Determination The Sameness Argument Challenging the Orthodox View of Legal Personhood The Nonhuman Rights Project The Case of Happy the Elephant The Cases of Tommy and Kiko the Chimpanzees International Progress What Does Legal Personhood Achieve? Posthumanism and What It Means to Be Human Animalization, Dehumanization, and (Non)human Animals Conclusion—The Way Forward References 3 Assaults on Fertility and Motherhood: Gendered Reproductive Violence and Reproductive Coercion Against Human and Nonhuman Animals Introduction Outline of the Chapter War Crimes, Crimes Against Humanity, and Reproductive Violence Forced Pregnancy Unlawful Confinement The Forcible Impregnation of a Woman The Intention of the Perpetrator Reproductive Coercion Woman-As-Nation Sexual, Genocidal, and Reproductive Violence Against Jewish Women During the Holocaust Assault on Jewish Motherhood Through Forced Sterilizations and Forced Abortions The 1971 Liberation War Rape and Genocidal Violence Forced Pregnancy The Regulation of Women’s Post-War Reproductive Bodies Reproductive and Genocidal Violence Against the Uighur Population in China Chinese Birth Control Policies Summary Patriarchy and Animal Husbandry Practices Rape, Sexual Violence, and the Forced Impregnation of Dairy Cows Why Use the Term Rape? Wartime Rape Separation of Mother and Calf The Experience of Calves Sexual Violations Within the Dairy Industry Gillespie This Is Dairy Farming Milk Production Reproductive Violence and Reproductive Coercion Against Sows Within the Meat Industry Reproductive Violence Against Hens Within the Egg Industry Overlapping Sources of Oppression Assault on Reproduction and Motherhood Mother-Cow as Mother India Hetero- and Anthropatriarchy Dehumanization Conclusion References 4 Male-Directed Conflict-Related Sexual and Reproductive Violence Against Human and Nonhuman Animals Introduction Outline of the Chapter Conflict-Related Sexual Violence Against Men and Boys The Vulnerability of the Penis Genital Violence, Castration, and Enforced Sterilization The Former Yugoslavia Darfur Queer Understandings of Sexual Violence Against Men and Boys What Are the Implications for Nonhuman Animals? Animalization and Racialized Violence in East Pakistan/Bangladesh and India Summary Reproductive Violence Against Bulls Within the Dairy Industry Artificial Vagina Electroejaculation Sexual Violations Within the Meat Industry Conflict-Related Sexual and Reproductive Violence The Vulnerability of the Penis Displacement from Gendered Personhood Shared Sources of Oppression Race and Racism Gender Speciesism Sexual and Reproductive Violence and the Human Security Framework Conclusion References 5 The Nature, Motivations, and Consequences of the Animal-Industrial Complex Introduction Outline of the Chapter ‘Deading Life’: Biopolitical Violence and the Factory Farm So Where Does This Leave Us and Our Analysis of the War Against Nonhuman Animals? Carnism and the Animal-Industrial Complex Alienation Marxism and the Exploitation of Nonhuman Animals Nonhuman Animals as Laborers Do Nonhuman Animals Produce Commodities? Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations in the US What Are the Impacts of CAFOs? Public Health Implications Antibiotic Resistance Environmental Slow Violence and the Animal-Industrial Complex The Impact on Industry Workers Factory Farm Workers Slaughterhouse Workers The Central Paradox of the ‘More Than Human’ Biopolitical Dream Moving Forward: Non-Dairy and Vegan Alternatives Which Alt-Milk Is the Best? What About the Impact of Soy? The Link Between Soy Production and Deforestation Alternatives to the Capitalist Model Conclusion References 6 Conclusion The Plight of the Grey Squirrel The Main Arguments of the Book How Do We Tackle the Violence(s) of War? Non-speciesist Law Non-speciesist Intersectionality How Do We Protect Nonhuman Animals from the Violence(s) of This Species War? Who Benefits from the Dismantling of the Carnist Battlefield? References Index