Essentials of business statistics

Description

Chapter 1. An Introduction to Business Statistics 1.1. Data 1.2. Data Sources 1.3. Populations and Samples 1.4. Three Case Studies That Illustrate Sampling and Statistical Inference 1.5. Ratio, Interval, Ordinal, and Nominative Scales of Measurement (Optional) Appendix 1.1. Getting Started with Excel Appendix 1.2. Getting Started with MegaStat Appendix 1.3. Getting Started with MINITAB Chapter 2. Descriptive Statistics: Tabular and Graphical Methods 2.1. Graphically Summarizing Qualitative Data 2.2. Graphically Summarizing Quantitative Data 2.3. Dot Plots 2.4. Stem-and-Leaf Displays 2.5. Contingency Tables (Optional) 2.6. Scatter Plots (Optional) 2.7. Misleading Graphs and Charts (Optional) Appendix 2.1. Tabular and Graphical Methods Using Excel Appendix 2.2. Tabular and Graphical Methods Using MegaStat Appendix 2.3. Tabular and Graphical Methods Using MINITAB Chapter 3. Descriptive Statistics: Numerical Methods 3.1. Describing Central Tendency 3.2. Measures of Variation 3.3. Percentiles, Quartiles, and Box-and-Whiskers Displays 3.4. Covariance, Correlation, and the Least Squares Line (Optional) 3.5. Weighted Means and Grouped Data (Optional) 3.6. The Geometric Mean (Optional) Appendix 3.1. Numerical Descriptive Statistics Using Excel Appendix 3.2. Numerical Descriptive Statistics Using MegaStat Appendix 3.3. Numerical Descriptive Statistics Using MINITAB Chapter 4. Probability 4.1. Probability and Sample Spaces 4.2. Probability and Events 4.3. Some Elementary Probability Rules 4.4. Conditional Probability and Independence 4.5. Bayes’ Theorem (Optional) 4.6. Counting Rules (Optional) Chapter 5. Discrete Random Variables 5.1. Two Types of Random Variables 5.2. Discrete Probability Distributions 5.3. The Binomial Distribution 5.4. The Poisson Distribution (Optional) 5.5. The Hypergeometric Distribution (Optional) 5.6. Joint Distributions and the Covariance (Optional) Appendix 5.1. Binomial, Poisson, and Hypergeometric Probabilities Using Excel Appendix 5.2. Binomial, Poisson, and Hypergeometric Probabilities Using MegaStat Appendix 5.3. Binomial, Poisson, and Hypergeometric Probabilities Using MINITAB Chapter 6. Continuous Random Variables 6.1. Continuous Probability Distributions 6.2. The Uniform Distribution 6.3. The Normal Probability Distribution 6.4. Approximating the Binomial Distribution by Using the Normal Distribution (Optional) 6.5. The Exponential Distribution (Optional) 6.6. The Normal Probability Plot (Optional) Appendix 6.1. Normal Distribution Using Excel Appendix 6.2. Normal Distribution Using MegaStat Appendix 6.3. Normal Distribution Using MINITAB Chapter 7. Sampling and Sampling Distributions 7.1. Random Sampling 7.2. The Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean 7.3. The Sampling Distribution of the Sample Proportion 7.4. Stratified Random, Cluster, and Systematic Sampling (Optional) 7.5. More about Surveys and Errors in Survey Sampling (Optional) 7.6. Derivation of the Mean and the Variance of the Sample Mean (Optional) Appendix 7.1. Generating Random Numbers Using Excel Appendix 7.2. Generating Random Numbers Using MegaStat Appendix 7.3. Generating Random Numbers Using MINITAB Chapter 8. Confidence Intervals 8.1. z-Based Confidence Intervals for a Population Mean: σ Known 8.2. t-Based Confidence Intervals for a Population Mean: σ Unknown 8.3. Sample Size Determination 8.4. Confidence Intervals for a Population Proportion 8.5. Confidence Intervals for Parameters of Finite Populations (Optional) Appendix 8.1. Confidence Intervals Using Excel Appendix 8.2. Confidence Intervals Using MegaStat Appendix 8.3. Confidence Intervals Using MINITAB Chapter 9. Hypothesis Testing 9.1. The Null and Alternative Hypotheses and Errors in Hypothesis Testing 9.2. z Tests about a Population Mean: σ Known 9.3. t Tests about a Population Mean: σ Unknown 9.4. z Tests about a Population Proportion 9.5. Type II Error Probabilities and Sample Size Determination (Optional) 9.6. The Chi-Square Distribution 9.7. Statistical Inference for a Population Variance (Optional) Appendix 9.1. One-Sample Hypothesis Testing Using Excel Appendix 9.2. One-Sample Hypothesis Testing Using MegaStat Appendix 9.3. One-Sample Hypothesis Testing Using MINITAB Chapter 10. Statistical Inferences Based on Two Samples 10.1. Comparing Two Population Means by Using Independent Samples 10.2. Paired Difference Experiments 10.3. Comparing Two Population Proportions by Using Large, Independent Samples 10.4. The F Distribution 10.5. Comparing Two Population Variances by Using Independent Samples Appendix 10.1. Two-Sample Hypothesis Testing Using Excel Appendix 10.2. Two-Sample Hypothesis Testing Using MegaStat Appendix 10.3. Two-Sample Hypothesis Testing Using MINITAB Chapter 11. Experimental Design and Analysis of Variance 11.1. Basic Concepts of Experimental Design 11.2. One-Way Analysis of Variance 11.3. The Randomized Block Design 11.4. Two-Way Analysis of Variance Appendix 11.1. Experimental Design and Analysis of Variance Using Excel Appendix 11.2. Experimental Design and Analysis of Variance Using MegaStat Appendix 11.3. Experimental Design and Analysis of Variance Using MINITAB Chapter 12. Chi-Square Tests 12.1. Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Tests 12.2. A Chi-Square Test for Independence Appendix 12.1. Chi-Square Tests Using Excel Appendix 12.2. Chi-Square Tests Using MegaStat Appendix 12.3. Chi-Square Tests Using MINITAB Chapter 13. Simple Linear Regression Analysis 13.1. The Simple Linear Regression Model and the Least Squares Point Estimates 13.2. Model Assumptions and the Standard Error 13.3. Testing the Significance of the Slope and y-Intercept 13.4. Confidence and Prediction Intervals 13.5. Simple Coefficients of Determination and Correlation 13.6. Testing the Significance of the Population Correlation Coefficient (Optional) 13.7. An F-Test for the Model 13.8. Residual Analysis Appendix 13.1. Simple Linear Regression Analysis Using Excel Appendix 13.2. Simple Linear Regression Analysis Using MegaStat Appendix 13.3. Simple Linear Regression Analysis Using MINITAB Chapter 14. Multiple Regression and Model Building 14.1. The Multiple Regression Model and the Least Squares Point Estimates 14.2. Model Assumptions and the Standard Error 14.3. R² and Adjusted R² 14.4. The Overall F-Test 14.5. Testing the Significance of an Independent Variable 14.6. Confidence and Prediction Intervals 14.7. The Sales Representative Case: Evaluating Employee Performance 14.8. Using Dummy Variables to Model Qualitative Independent Variables 14.9. Using Squared and Interaction Variables 14.10. Model Building and the Effects of Multicollinearity 14.11. Residual Analysis in Multiple Regression 14.12. Logistic Regression Appendix 14.1. Multiple Regression Analysis Using Excel Appendix 14.2. Multiple Regression Analysis Using MegaStat Appendix 14.3. Multiple Regression Analysis Using MINITAB Appendix A. Statistical Tables Answers to Most Odd-Numbered Exercises References Photo Credits Subject Index