Nanomanufacturing and Nanomaterials Design: Principles and Applications

Description

Nanomanufacturing includes bottom-up or top-down techniques, each of which gives an advanced, reliable, scaled-up, and economical methods in the production of nanomaterials. The text discusses fundamental concepts, advanced topics, and applications of nanomanufacturing in a comprehensive manner. Features Discussion of the design and fabrication of nano- and micro-devices in a comprehensive manner. Covers nanofabrication techniques for photovoltaics applications. Lists constitutive modelling and simulation of multifunctional nanomaterials. Introduces nanomanufacturing of nanorobots and their industrial applications. Presents nanomanufacturing of a high-performance piezoelectric nanogenerator for energy harvesting. Important topics include nanomanufacturing of high-performance piezoelectric nanogenerators for energy harvesting, nanosensor, nanorobots, nanomedicine, nano diagnostic tools, 3D nano printing, additive nanomanufacturing of functional materials for human‐integrated smart wearables, and nanofabrication techniques. Nanomanufacturing and Nanomaterials Design covers the latest applications of nanomanufacturing for a better understanding of the concepts. The text provides scientific and technological insights on novel routes of design and fabrication of few-layered nanostructures and their heterostructures based on a variety of advanced materials. It will be a valuable resource for senior undergraduate, graduate students and researchers in the fields of mechanical, manufacturing, industrial, production engineering and materials science. Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Contents Preface Acknowledgements About the Editors Contributors 1. Introduction and Origin to Nanomanufacturing 1.1 Introduction and Origins 1.2 Nanomanufacturing Challenges 1.3 Manufacturing at the Nanoscale 1.3.1 Top-Down vs. Bottom-Up Approaches 1.3.2 Top-Down Method 1.3.3 Bottom-Up Method 1.4 Nanomanufacturing Applications 1.5 Conclusions and Future Scope References 2. Challenges and Opportunities in Nanomanufacturing 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Opportunities in Nanomanufacturing 2.2.1 Integrating Functions 2.2.2 Technology Convergence 2.3 Nanomanufacturing Processes 2.4 Challenges in Nanomanufacturing 2.5 Recommendations for Nanomanufacturing Research 2.6 Conclusion References 3. Intense Classification of Nanomanufacturing 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Semiconductor Nanocrystals 3.2.1 Quantum Dots 3.2.2 Quantum Rods 3.3 The Top-Down Approach 3.3.1 Nanoimprint Lithography 3.3.2 Ball Milling Technique 3.3.3 Pulsed Laser Synthesis 3.3.4 Radio Frequency Sputtering Method 3.4 The Bottom-Up Approach 3.4.1 Chemical Vapour Deposition 3.4.2 Dip Pen Lithography 3.4.3 Self-Assembly 3.4.4 Solution Combustion Synthesis 3.4.5 Hydrothermal Synthesis 3.4.6 Ultrasonochemical Synthesis 3.4.7 Sol-Gel 3.4.8 Co-precipitation Method 3.5 Nanomanufacturing Technologies 3.5.1 Nanomechanical Machining 3.5.2 Nanolithography 3.5.3 Energy Beam Machining 3.5.4 Deposition and Etching 3.5.5 Nano Printing 3.5.6 Nanoassembly 3.5.7 Nanoreplication 3.6 Conclusion References 4. Experimental Investigation and Multi-Response Optimization of End Milling Process Parameters for Surface Integrity on Al7075-B4C-BN Nanocomposites 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Experimental Procedure 4.2.1 Materials and Methods 4.2.2 Experimental Setup for Measurement of Temperature Rise 4.3 Statistical Analyses 4.3.1 ANOVA for Temperature Intensification 4.3.2 ANOVA for Micro-Hardness 4.4 Results and Discussions 4.4.1 Response Surface Methodology of Temperature Rise: Direct Consequence of Spindle Speed and Feed Rate on Temperature Rise 4.4.2 Response Surface Methodology of Micro-Hardness 4.4.3 Direct Consequence of Spindle Speed and Feed Rate on Micro-Hardness 4.4.4 Direct Consequence of Spindle Speed and Radial Depth of Cut on Micro-Hardness 4.5 Conclusion References 5. Design and Manufacturing of Nano Sensors: Perspective and Applications 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Chemiresistive Type Gas Sensor Based on Nanomaterials 5.2.1 Pure Metal and Metal Oxide-Based Gas Sensor 5.2.2 Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDs) a Two Dimensional (2D)-Based Gas Sensor 5.3 Film Deposition Techniques 5.4 Gas Sensing Parameters 5.4.1 Baseline 5.4.2 Sensor Response 5.4.3 Calibration Curve and Sensor Sensitivity 5.4.4 Selectivity 5.4.5 Sensor Response and Recovery Time 5.4.6 Repeatability 5.4.7 Drift 5.4.8 Limit of Detection (LOD) 5.5 Method to Improve Gas Sensing Response 5.6 Conclusion References 6. 3D Nano Printing: Current Status and Emerging Trends of a Novel Fabrication Technique and Its Industrial Applications in Biomedicines 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Conventional 3D Printing - Medical Applications 6.2.1 Inkjet 3D Printing 6.2.2 Extrusion 3D Printing 6.2.3 Light-Assisted 3D Printing 6.2.4 DOPsL 3D Printing 6.2.5 TPP 3D Printing 6.3 Biomedical Applications - 3D Printing 6.3.1 Surgical Applications 6.3.2 Disease Modelling 6.3.3 Regenerative Biomedicine 6.4 Materials for 3D Printing 6.4.1 Prerequisite Parameters 6.4.2 Appropriate Biomaterial Choice 6.4.2.1 Melt-Cure Polymers 6.4.2.2 Hydrogels 6.5 Novel 3D Printing and Materials 6.5.1 Novel SLA Materials 6.5.2 Multi-Material 3D Printing 6.5.3 Embedded 3D Printing 6.5.4 4D Printing 6.5.5 Electrically Controlled 3D Printing 6.6 Discussion and Conclusions References 7. Nanomanufacturing of Biomedicines: Current Status and Future Challenges 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Nanomanufacturing Areas 7.2.1 Nanomedicine Formulations 7.2.1.1 Drug Syntheses 7.2.1.2 Micro/Nanonization Processes 7.2.1.2.1 Ball-Milling 7.2.1.2.2 Extrusion 7.2.1.2.3 Supercritical Fluid Processing 7.2.1.2.4 Micro/Nano-Emulsion Processes 7.2.1.2.5 Microfluidization 7.2.1.2.6 Nanogel (NG) Formulations 7.2.1.2.7 Liposomal Nanocarriers 7.2.1.2.8 Engineered Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoplatforms 7.2.2 Translation - Laboratory Experiments to Nanomanufacturing 7.2.3 Quality Control 7.3 Nanoproduction of Biomedicines - Emerging Areas 7.3.1 Anti-Inflammatory Nanomedicines 7.3.2 Anti-Diabetic Nanoformulations 7.3.3 Alzheimer's Disease and LNP-Carriers 7.4 Discussions and Conclusions References 8. Experimental Investigation on Spark Behaviour of ECDM for Potential Application in Nanofabrication 8.1 Introduction to ECDM 8.2 ECDM Mechanism 8.3 Formation of Gas Film Layer 8.4 Technical Parameters for Experimentation 8.5 Result and Discussion 8.6 Conclusion References 9. Frequency Sensitivity Performance Analysis of Single-Layer and Multi-Layer SAW-Based Sensor Using Finite Element Method 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Generating Surface Acoustic Waves 9.3 Structure of Resonators and Delay Lines 9.4 Basic Configurations of SAW Devices 9.5 Finite Element Method (FEM) 9.6 Design and Simulation of the Proposed Structure 9.7 Result and Discussion 9.8 Measurement of Electric Potential 9.9 Measurement of Sensitivity 9.10 Conclusion References 10. Nanomanufacturing for Energy Conversion and Storage Devices 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Nanomaterials Used in Energy Conversion and Storage 10.3 Application in Energy Conversion 10.3.1 Solar Energy 10.3.2 Hydrogen Energy 10.3.3 Biomass/Biofuels 10.3.4 Ocean, Geothermal and Wind Energy 10.4 Application in Energy Storage 10.4.1 Mechanical Systems 10.4.2 Thermal Systems 10.4.3 Optical Systems 10.4.4 Electrical Systems 10.4.5 Lithium Ion Batteries 10.5 Conclusion References 11. Nanofabrication Techniques for Solar Photovoltaic Applications 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Nanomaterials for Semiconductive Film and Its Synthesis Process 11.2.1 Synthesis Route to Develop Mesoporous TiO2 11.2.2 Deposition of Nanostructured TiO2 11.2.2.1 Spin Coating 11.2.2.2 Dip Coating 11.2.2.3 Doctor Blading 11.2.2.4 Screen Printing 11.2.2.5 Ink Jet Printing 11.2.2.6 Pad Printing 11.3 Nano Deposition for Flexible Solar Cell 11.3.1 Electrophoretic Deposition 11.3.2 Chemical Sintering 11.3.3 Mechanical Compression 11.4 Conclusion References 12. Emerging Nanomanufacturing Techniques with 2D Materials 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Application Area of Nanomanufacturing 12.3 2D Materials and Its Feature Characteristics 12.4 Techniques and Processes Involve in Nanomanufacturing 12.4.1 Factors for Impacting Industrial Advancement through Nano Materials 12.4.2 Top-Down Manufacturing Approach 12.4.3 Bottom-Down Manufacturing Approach 12.5 Future Work Perspectives 12.6 Conclusion References 13. Biodegradable and Biocompatible Polymeric Nanocomposites for Tissue Engineering Applications 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Market of Nanocomposite in Tissue Engineering 13.3 Biodegradable and Biocompatible Polymeric Materials 13.3.1 Chitosan 13.3.2 Alginates 13.3.3 Starches 13.3.4 Cellulose 13.3.5 Gelatin 13.4 Biopolymer Nanocomposite Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering Applications 13.5 Latest Trends in Nanocomposites in Tissue Engineering 13.6 Bioactivity and Biodegradation of Nanocomposites in Tissue Engineering 13.7 Challenges 13.8 Applications and Future Scope 13.8.1 Natural Nanocomposite Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications 13.9 Conclusion Acknowledgement References 14. Design and Manufacturing of Nanorobots and Their Industrial Applications 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Design of Nanorobot 14.2.1 Architecture of Nanorobot 14.2.2 Estimated Model of Nanorobot 14.3 Manufacturing Approaches of Nanorobots 14.3.1 Nubots 14.3.2 3D Printing 14.3.3 Biohybrids 14.3.4 Surface Bound Systems 14.4 Nanomanipulation 14.5 Nanorobotic Devices 14.5.1 Nanocoils Assembly by Nanorobots 14.6 Applications of Nanorobots in Industry 14.7 Disadvantages of Nanorobots 14.8 Conclusion and Discussion References 15. Nanomanufacturing and Design of High-Performance Piezoelectric Nanogenerator for Energy Harvesting 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Nanomanufacturing 15.2.1 Applications 15.2.2 Challenges of Nanomanufacturing 15.3 Nanogenerator 15.3.1 Maxwell's Equations for Nanogenerators 15.3.2 Polarisation Hypothesis 15.3.3 Current Nanogenerator Transportation Equations 15.3.4 Maxwell's Displacing Current Technology Forecasts 15.4 Piezoelectric Nanogenerator 15.4.1 Mechanism 15.4.2 Geometrical Configuration Design 15.4.2.1 Single-Wire Generator (SWG) 15.4.2.2 Vertical Nanowires Integrated Nanogenerator (VING) 15.4.2.3 Lateral Nanowire Integrated Nanogenerator (LING) 15.4.2.4 Nanocomposite Electrical Generators (NEG) 15.4.2.5 Other Type 15.5 High-Performance Piezoelectric Nanogenerator 15.5.1 Variables Influencing the Performance of Piezo-electric Nanogenerators 15.5.1.1 Influence of Piezo-Electric Element Matrix on Piezo-Electric Nanogenerator Effectiveness 15.5.1.2 Influence of Material Micro-Morphology on Piezo-Electric Nanogenerator Effectiveness 15.5.1.3 Chemical Doping Effect on the Performance of Piezo-Electric Nanogenerators 15.5.1.4 The Effect of Device Substrate on the Performance of Piezoelectric Nanogenerators 15.5.1.5 Composite Thin-Film Material Development to Improve Piezoelectric Nanogenerators' Effectiveness 15.6 Piezoelectricity for Energy Harvesting 15.6.1 Piezo Generator: An Approach to Generate Electricity from Vibrations 15.7 Energy Harvesting through Piezoelectric Nano Generator 15.8 Applications and Future Scope of Nanomanufacturing in an Emerging Technical Field 15.8.1 Self-Powered Nano/Micro Devices 15.8.2 Smart Wearable Systems 15.8.3 Transparent and Flexible Devices 15.8.4 Telemetric Power Transceiver Implant References Index