Groundwater and Subsurface Environments: Human Impacts in Asian Coastal Cities

Description

Excessive groundwater pumping, groundwater contamination, and subsurface thermal anomalies have occurred frequently in Asian coastal cities, greatly disturbing the urban aquifer and the subsurface environment. In this volume, the relationship between the stage of a city’s development and subsurface environment issues have been explored. Intensive field surveys were done in Tokyo, Osaka, Seoul, Taipei, Bangkok, Jakarta, and Manila. New, advanced methods, including satellite, tracer techniques, and the social economy model, were developed to evaluate subsurface conditions. Groundwater storage and groundwater recharge rates, as well as the accumulation and transport of pollutants, have been compiled as integrated indices of natural capacities under climate and social changes, and used to evaluate the vulnerability risk for all cities. The indices have been made on a yearly basis for seven cities for a century (1900–2000). Using these indicators it is now possible to manage groundwater resources in a sustainable fashion. This volume is indispensable to researchers in hydrology, coastal oceanography, civil engineering, urban geography, social economy, climatology, geothermics, and urban management. Front Matter....Pages i-xiii Front Matter....Pages 1-1 What are the Subsurface Environmental Problems?....Pages 3-18 Asian Urbanization and Its Environments....Pages 19-33 Urban Development and Water Environment Changes in Asian Megacities....Pages 35-59 Comparative Analysis on Land Use Distributions and Their Changes in Asian Mega Cities....Pages 61-81 Front Matter....Pages 83-83 Monitoring Groundwater Variations Using Precise Gravimetry on Land and from Space....Pages 85-112 The Proposed Groundwater Management for the Greater Jakarta Area, Indonesia....Pages 113-125 Review of Groundwater Management and Land Subsidence in Bangkok, Thailand....Pages 127-142 Front Matter....Pages 143-143 Detecting Groundwater Inputs into Bangkok Canals Via Radon and Thoron Measurements....Pages 143-158 Subsurface Pollution in Asian Megacities....Pages 159-184 Front Matter....Pages 185-185 Comparisons Between Air and Subsurface Temperatures in Taiwan for the Past Century: A Global Warming Perspective....Pages 185-199 Evolution of the Subsurface Thermal Environment in Urban Areas: Studies in Large Cities in East Asia....Pages 201-230 Urban Warming and Urban Heat Islands in Taipei, Taiwan....Pages 231-246 Front Matter....Pages 247-247 Long-Term Urbanization and Land Subsidence in Asian Megacities: An Indicators System Approach....Pages 249-270 Sinking Cities and Governmental Action: Institutional Responses to Land Subsidence in Osaka and Bangkok....Pages 271-288 Chemical and Physical Evidences in the Groundwater Aquifer Caused by Over-Pumping of Groundwater and Their Countermeasures in the Major Asian Coastal Cities....Pages 289-309 Back Matter....Pages 311-312