Modern Electronics and Communication Engineering

Description

This is the book, in which the subject matter is dealt from elementary to the advance level in a unique manner. Three outstanding features can be claimed for the book viz. (i) style; the student, while going through the pages would feel as if he is attending a class room. (ii) language: that an average student can follow and (iii) approach: it takes the student from ''known to unknown'' and ''simple to complex.'' The book is reader friendly, thought provoking and stimulating. It helps in clearing cobwebs of the mind. The style is lucid and un-adulterated. Unnecessary mathematics has been avoided. Note: T&F does not sell or distribute the Hardback in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Preface Brief Contents Table of Contents Part I : Electronics Engineering 1. Introduction 1.1 Electronics Engineering 1.2 Applications of Electronics Summary 2. Semi-Conductors 2.1 Properties of Semi Conductors 2.2 Factors Affecting Resistivity of Semi-Conductors 2.3 Study of Germanium and Silicon 2.4 Energy Band Theory 2.5 Classification of Semi Conductors 2.6 Semiconductor Components and Devices Summary 3. Micro Electronics 3.1 Field of Micro Electronics 3.2 Integrated Circuit (I.C.) 3.3 Discrete Circuits 3.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of I.Cs Over Discrete Circuits 3.5 Classification of I.Cs. 3.6 Special Features of I.Cs. 3.7 Applications of I.Cs. 3.8 Types of I.C.s 3.9 Fabrication of Monolithic I.Cs. 3.10 I.C. Timers 3.11 Microprocessor (µP) Summary 4. Electronic Devices 4.1 Semiconductor Diode 4.2 Zener Diode 4.3 Light Emitting Diode (LED) 4.4 Laser Diode 4.5 Liquid Crystal Diode (LCD) 4.6 Schottky Diode 4.7 Charge Couple Devices (CCD) 4.8 Bipolar Transistors (at Low Frequencies) 4.9 Thyristors 4.10 Stepper Motors 4.11 Servomotors Summary 5. Analysis of Bipolar Transistors at Low Frequencies (h-parameters) 5.1 Hybrid Parameters (h parameters) 5.2 Two-Port Network 5.3 Hybrid (h) Models 5.4 Analysis of CE Amplifier by h Parameters 5.5 Limitations of h-Parameters Summary 6. Analysis of Bipolar Transistor at High Frequencies (h – pi Parameters) 6.1 Behaviour of Biploar transistor at High Frequencies 6.2 H.F. Hybrid pi Model 6.3 Transistor Cut off Frequencies 6.4 Miller Effect 6.5 C.E. Short Circuit Gain with Pi Model 6.6 C.E. Current Gain with Hybrid Pi Model with a Resistive Load 6.7 Relation Between Hybrid (h) and hybrid (Pi) Parameters 6.8 Gain-Bandwidth Product Numerical Problems Summary 7. Microphones & Loudspeakers 7.1 Microphone 7.2 Loud Speaker 7.3 P.A. System Summary 8. Surface Mount Boards 8.1 Surface Mount Technology (SMT) 8.2 Advantages & Disadvantages of SMT 8.3 SMT Components 8.4 Design of SMT Boards 8.5 General Fabrication Process for SMT Boards 8.6 Commercial Fabrication of SMT Boards 8.7 SMT-Equipment 8.8 SMT Measurements 8.9 Terms Used in SMT Process Summary 9. Electronic Hardware Components 9.1 Switches 9.2 Connectors 9.3 Computer Hardware Components Summary 10. Multimeter & CRO 10.1 Multimeter 10.2 Cathode Rays Oscilloscope (CRO) 10.3 Storage CROs Summary 11. Medical Electronics 11.1 Role of Electronics in Medicine 11.2 Human Cell 11.3 Medical Electrodes 11.4 Heart and Cardio Vascular System 11.5 Human Brain 11.6 Mascular Strength 11.7 Blood Pressure (BP) 11.8 Diabetes 11.9 Safety of Operators and Patients Summary Part II : Communication Engineering 12. Introduction 12.1 Communication 12.2 Methods of Communication 12.3 Process of Communication 12.4 Brief History of Communication 12.5 Electronic Communication 12.6 Structure of an Electronic Communication System 12.7 Bandwidth Requirement 12.8 Types of Electronic Communication Systems 12.9 Transmission Mediums or Channels 12.10 Important Facts About Sound and Light 12.11 Modulation 12.12 Need for Modulation 12.13 Types of Modulations 12.14 Radio (Wireless) Broadcasting, Transmission and Reception Summary 13. Amplitude Modulation (AM) 13.1 Amplitude Modulation (AM) 13.2 Expression for Amplitude Modulated Wave 13.3 Frequency Spectrum of A.M. Wave 13.4 Modulation Factor/Index (m) 13.5 Significance of m 13.6 Power Distribution in A.M. Wave 13.7 Calculation for Current 13.8 Limitations of Amplitude Modulation Summary 14. SSB-AM Modulation 14.1 Different Forms of Amplitude Modulation 14.2 Single Sideband Amplitude Modulation (SSB-AM) 14.3 Various Single Sideband (SSB AM) Techniques Summary 15. AM Transmitters 15.1 Transmitter 15.2 Types of A.M. Transmitters 15.3 Negative Feedback In A.M. Transmitters 15.4 A.M. Modulators 15.5 Linear Modulators 15.6 Block Diagram of A.m. Transmitter Summary 16. AM Receivers 16.1 Demodulation or Detection 16.2 AM Detectors/Receivers 16.3 Linear/Diode Envelope Detector 16.4 Types of AM Receivers 16.5 Automatic Gain Control (AGC) 16.6 Automatic Frequency Control (AFC) 16.7 General Qualities of Receivers Summary 17. Frequency Modulation (FM) 17.1 Frequency Modulation 17.2 Expression of FM Wave in Time Domain 17.3 Power of FM Wave 17.4 Calculation of BW (Carson Rule) 17.5 Plotting Frequency Spectra for FM 17.6 Pre-Emphasis and De-Emphasis 17.7 FM Versus AM Summary 18. FM Transmitters 18.1 FM Generation 18.2 Direct Methods of FM Wave Generation 18.3 Indirect Methods of FM Generation 18.4 FM Transmitters Summary 19. FM Receivers 19.1 Demodulation (Detection) of FM Waves 19.2 Frequency Discriminators/Detectors 19.3 FM Receivers Summary 20. Phase Modulation (PM) 20.1 Phase Modulation (PM) 20.2 Comparison of AM, FM and PM 20.3 Expression for PM Wave 20.4 Generation, Transmission and Reception of PM/FM Wave 20.5 (a) Generation of PM Signal From Frequency Modulator 20.5 (b) Generation of FM Signal From Phase Modulator 20.6 FM vs PM Summary 21. Digital Modulation Transmission & Reception 21.1 Pulse 21.2 Digital (Pulse) Modulation 21.3 Sampling 21.4 Sampling Theorem for Low Pass Signals: Nyquist Theorem 21.5 Effects of Sampling Rate on a Frequency Spectrum 21.6 Sampling Techniques 21.7 Analog and Digital Signals 21.8 Advantages and Disadvantages of Digital Communication 21.9 Logic System 21.10 Binary Number System 21.11 Logic Gates 21.12 Principle of Digital Communication 21.13 Communication Speed 21.14 Quantizing 21.15 Types of Digital (Pulse) Modulation 21.16 Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) 21.17 Multiplexing 21.18 (a) Transmission and Reception of TDM 21.18 (b) Transmission and Reception of FDM 21.19 TDM vs FDM Summary 21.20 TDM is Superior to FDM 22. More About Transmitters and Receivers 22.1 Basic Requirement of AM Transmitter: Flywheel Effect 22.2 AM Radio Transmitter 22.3 Privacy Devices in Radio Telephony 22.4 Image Frequency Rejection 22.5 Tracking and Alignment of Receivers 22.6 Stereo FM Transmitter and Receiver 22.7 SSB Receivers 22.8 Coherent and Non Coherent SSB Detection Summary 23. Television Basics and Monochrome Television 23.1 Television 23.2 TV Applications 23.3 Broadcasting, Transmission and Reception of Monochrome TV 23.4 TV Camera 23.5 Various B&W-TV Cameras 23.6 Picture Tube 23.7 Scanning 23.8 Synchronizing Pulses 23.9 Blanking Pulses 23.10 The TV Standards 23.11 Composite Video Signal 23.12 TV Signal Transmission 23.13 TV Transmission Techniques 23.14 Types of TV Receivers 23.15 Monochrome TV Receiver Summary 24. Colour Televisions 24.1 Colour Television 24.2 Primary, Secondary and Complementary Colours 24.3 Additive And Subtractive Mixing of Colours 24.4 Types of Colour Video Signals 24.5 Chrominance and Luminance Signals 24.6 Important Terms 24.7 Visibility Curve 24.8 Sub Carrier and Multiplexing 24.9 Popular TV Systems 24.10 Colour TV Camera 24.11 Colour Picture Tubes 24.12 Colour TV Receivers 24.13 Special TVs Summary 25. Cable Television and DTH 25.1 Cable TV (CATV) 25.2 DTH (Direct To Home) Service Summary 26. Facsimile (FAX) 26.1 Facsimile (Fax) 26.2 Basic Fax System 26.3 Principle of Operation of Fax 26.4 Transmission and Reception 26.5 Types of Fax Machines 26.6 Conversion of Optical Signal into Electrical Signal 26.7 (a) Fax Transmitter 26.7 (b) Fax Receiver 26.8 Synchronisation of the Signal Summary 27. Modern Communication Techniques 27.1 Radio Telephony 27.2 (a) Mobile/Cellular Phone/Cell Phone 27.2 (b) Wire Less Loop (WLL) 27.3 TV Remote Control 27.4 E-mail 27.5 (a) Internet 27.5 (b) World Wide Web (www) Summary Appendices