Latin American Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Bioethics and Disabilities

Description

This book provides a critical analysis of the experiences of people with disabilities in Latin America. It covers a wide range of topics related to intellectual and psychosocial disabilities. Written by Latin American researchers and adopting an interdisciplinary perspective, it provides an original sociocultural contribution to bioethics and disability studies literature. It presents an in-depth overview of philosophical, ethical, legal, political and social issues. At the same time, it offers a contribution to the global scientific community inasmuch it discusses theoretical references from South America in connection with those from Europe and the United States. The basic questions dealt with range from criteria for human flourishing to questions of philosophy of mind, and neuroethics through phenomenological and aesthetic approaches to intellectual and psychosocial disabilities. The legal and political investigations explore the rights of those affected and the processes of their self-organization. The authors address the dynamics of medicalization and demedicalization, the practices of psychiatric institutionalization and the treatment of children with antipsychotics. This book appeals to psychologists, social scientists, bioethicists, healthcare personnel, philosophers, and lawyers working with cases related to people with disabilities. Foreword Contents Part I: Subjects with Intellectual and Psychosocial Disabilities Chapter 1: Empathizing with the Intellectually Disabled 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Dehumanization and the Intellectually Disabled 1.3 Identification with a Point of View 1.4 Learning to Empathize with the Intellectually Disabled 1.5 Humanistic Respect and Care 1.6 Conclusion References Chapter 2: Experts by Experience, Demedicalization and the Emergence of Alternative Approaches to Mental Health Care: Gaining Autonomy & Medication Management (GAM) in Brazil 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Demedicalizing Discourses and Practices in the Field of Mental Health 2.3 Legitimacy of Experiential Knowledge of Users and Ex-users of Mental Health Services in Debate 2.4 The Origins of Gaining Autonomy & Medication Management (GAM) and Adaptations for the Brazilian Context: The GGAM-BR 2.5 Conclusion References Chapter 3: Practice, Human Flourishing and Centres for Psychosocial Attention: A MacIntyrean Analysis from Both the User’s and the Community’s Standpoints 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Centres for Psychosocial Attention 3.2.1 Psychiatric Reform 3.2.2 General Functioning 3.2.3 User, Family and Community 3.3 Practice and Human Flourishing 3.3.1 Choosing Concepts 3.3.2 Practice 3.3.3 Human Flourishing 3.4 Applying MacIntyre’s Ethical Approach to CPAs 3.4.1 Flourishing Inside the CPAs 3.4.2 Flourishing, Vulnerabilities, and Dependency 3.5 Conclusion References Chapter 4: The Phenomenological Model as a Basis for the Inclusion of People with Intellectual Disabilities and Psychosocial Impact 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Background 4.3 Case Presentation 4.3.1 Identification of Problems, Bioethical Principles and Values in Conflict 4.4 Deliberation 4.5 Considerations for the Application of Informed Consent 4.6 Ethical Guidelines for Community Intervention and Social Network 4.7 Aspects of Legality in the Context of Chile References Part II: Moral and Legal Agency Chapter 5: Argentina’s Mental Health Law: Sociocultural Questions Regarding the Normative Framework 5.1 Introduction: Legal Norms Faced with the Imprecise Borders of Mental Illness 5.2 Madness and the Urgent Necessity for an Approach with a Gender Perspective 5.3 Toward (Biased?) Inclusion: Reflections on the Recent Argentine Legislation 5.4 Conclusion References Chapter 6: Legislation and Practices of Psychiatric Institutionalization in Brazil: A Foucauldian Interpretation of Barbacena’s Holocaust 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Brazilian Holocaust: Barbacena’s Genocide 6.2.1 Luizinho 6.2.2 Antônio Gomes da Silva 6.2.3 Conceição Machado 6.3 A Foucauldian Analysis: Bodies and Powers in Barbacena 6.4 A History of Brazilian Legislation Regarding the Psychiatric Institutionalization of Those Considered to Be Abnormal 6.5 Psychiatric Institutionalization in Brazil Today 6.6 Final Considerations References Chapter 7: Nootropics in the Era of Affective Capitalism: Drug Consumption and Discourse Effects 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Pharmacologization and Techonologies of the Self 7.2.1 The Emergence of Pharmacologization 7.3 Diagnostics in the Era of Pharmaceutical Reason – The Morality of the Circulation of Psychotropics 7.3.1 Psychotropic as Nootropic: Representations of Medication, Expectations about Performance in the Era of Affective Capitalism 7.4 Final Considerations Bibliographic References Chapter 8: The Body in O Cemitério dos Vivos by Lima Barreto: An Aesthetic Phenomenological Reflection on the Practice of Norms 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Narrative: Lima Barreto’s O Cemitério dos Vivos 8.3 An Interpretation of the Living Body as a Work of Art in O Cemitério dos Vivos Grounded in Merleau-Ponty 8.3.1 Between Moral and Psychiatric Norms: The Body-Subject’s Experience as a Work of Art in a Psychiatric Hospital 8.3.2 Among the Obligation, Prohibition and Permission of Moral and Psychiatric Norms: The Body-Subject Experience as a Work of Art 8.3.3 Legal Norms of the State Applied to the Afro-Descendant, Immigrant, Indigent and Insane Body-Subject 8.4 An Interpretation of O Cemitério dos Vivos Based on Emmanuel Levinas 8.4.1 The Vulnerability of the Body Between Lucidity and Madness 8.5 Conclusion References Chapter 9: The Rights of Children with Psychosocial Disabilities and the Prescription of Antipsychotics in Childhood 9.1 Introduction 9.2 The Disease-Centred Model and Psychopharmacological Therapy 9.3 Antipsychotics for Unruly Children 9.4 In Conclusion: The Social Model of Psychosocial Disability References Chapter 10: “So That in the Practice of Good Manners, She Will Find a Dignified and Happy Life”: Institutional Practices Towards Incarcerated Women (Brazil, 1930s) 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Criminology 10.3 Women’s Imprisonment in the First Decades of the Twentieth Century 10.4 The Deviant Segments in the State of Santa Catarina: Women’s Situation 10.5 Final Considerations References