Risk Assessment: A Practical Guide to Assessing Operational Risks

Description

Risk Assessment Explore the fundamentals of risk assessment with references to the latest standards, methodologies, and approaches The Second Edition of Risk Assessment: A Practical Guide to Assessing Operational Risks delivers a practical exploration of a wide array of risk assessment tools in the contexts of preliminary hazard analysis, job safety analysis, task analysis, job risk assessment, personnel protective equipment hazard assessment, failure mode and effect analysis, and more. The distinguished authors discuss the latest standards, theories, and methodologies covering the fundamentals of risk assessments, as well as their practical applications for safety, health, and environmental professionals with risk assessment responsibilities. “What If”/Checklist Analysis Methods are included for additional guidance. Now in full color, the book includes interactive exercises, links, videos, and online risk assessment tools that can be immediately applied by working practitioners. The authors have also included: Material that reflects the latest updates to ISO standards, the ASSP Technical Report, and the ANSI Z590.3 Prevention through Design standardNew hazard phrases for chemical hazards in the Globally Harmonized System, as well as NIOSH’s new occupational exposure banding toolThe new risk-based approach featured in the NAVY IH Field ManualNew chapters covering business continuity, causal factors analysis, and layers of protection analysis and barrier analysis An indispensable resource for employed safety professionals in a variety of industries, business leaders and staff personnel with safety responsibilities, and environmental engineers Risk Assessment: A Practical Guide to Assessing Operational Risks is also useful for students in safety, health, and environmental science courses. Cover Title Page Copyright Page Contents Preface Chapter 1 Risk Assessments: Their Significance 1.1 Introduction 1.2 What Is a Risk Assessment? 1.2.1 Approach Taken at the ASSP 1.2.2 ASSP Risk Assessment Committee 1.2.3 The Goals 1.2.4 Core Risk-Related Competencies 1.2.5 Risk Assessment Education 1.3 Risk Assessment Methods 1.4 The ANSI/ASSP Z690 – 2011 Series 1.5 ANSI B11.0 – 2020: Safety of Machinery 1.6 Risk Scoring Systems 1.7 European Union – Risk Assessment 1.8 OSHA Requirements 1.9 EPA Requirements 1.10 The Chemical Industry – The Extensive Body of Information 1.11 Conclusion References Chapter 2 Risk Assessment Standards and Definitions 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Risk Assessments and the Safety Professional 2.3 Key Standards Requiring Risk Assessments 2.4 OSHA Compliance and Risk Assessments 2.4.1 1910.132, Personal Protective Equipment Standard 2.4.2 1910.119, Process Safety Management Standard 2.4.3 Other OSHA Standards 2.5 Consensus Standards Requiring Risk Assessment 2.6 ANSI Z10.0 2.7 ISO 45001 2.8 ISO 31000 and ISO 31010 2.9 ANSI/ASSP Z590.3, Prevention Through Design 2.10 ANSI B11.0 Machine Safety 2.11 NFPA 70E 2.12 MIL-STD-882E, 11 May 2012, Department of Defense Standard Practice, System Safety 2.13 Key Terms and Definitions 2.14 Summary Review Questions References Chapter 3 Risk Assessment Fundamentals 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Risk Assessment Within the Risk Management Process 3.3 Risk Assessments and Operational Risk Management Systems 3.4 The Purpose of Assessing Risk 3.5 The Risk Assessment Process 3.6 Risk Criteria 3.7 Establishing Context 3.8 The Risk Assessment Team 3.9 Risk Identification 3.10 Risk Analysis 3.10.1 Consequence Analysis 3.10.2 Likelihood Analysis 3.10.3 Assessment of Controls 3.11 Risk Evaluation 3.12 Risk Treatment 3.13 Communication 3.14 Documentation 3.15 Monitoring and Continuous Improvement 3.16 Summary Review Questions References Chapter 4 Defining Risk Assessment Criteria 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Defining Risk Criteria 4.3 Risk Scoring Systems 4.4 Risk Assessment Matrices 4.5 Defining Risk Values 4.6 Risk Factors 4.7 Risk Levels 4.8 Risk Scoring 4.9 Severity of Consequence 4.10 Likelihood of Occurrence 4.11 Exposure 4.12 Risk Reduction and the Hierarchy of Controls 4.12.1 Using a Protection Factor 4.13 Acceptable and Unacceptable Risk Levels 4.14 Documenting Risk 4.15 Communicating Risk Criteria 4.16 Summary Review Questions References Appendix A A. Risk Matrix (adapted/modified from ANSI Z10) Chapter 5 Fundamental Techniques 5.1 Introduction to Fundamental Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment 5.2 Assessments Within an Operational Risk Management System 5.3 Hazard Analysis vs. Risk Assessment 5.4 The Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment Process 5.5 Fundamental Methods 5.6 Informal Methods 5.7 Formal Methods 5.7.1 Fundamental Hazard Analysis 5.7.2 Pre-Task Hazard Analysis 5.7.3 Job Hazard Analysis 5.7.4 Fundamental Risk Assessment 5.7.5 Job Risk Assessment 5.8 Conclusion Review Questions References Appendix B Common Hazards and Descriptions Appendix C Personal Protective Equipment Hazard Assessment Form Example Chapter 6 Preliminary Hazard and Risk Analysis 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Preliminary Hazard List 6.3 PHAs and Their Application 6.4 The Control of Hazardous Energy 6.5 Fundamental System Safety Tenets 6.6 Conducting a Preliminary Hazard and Risk Analysis (PHRA) 6.7 Scoring Systems 6.8 Practical Application 6.9 Summary Review Questions References Practical Example Chapter 7 “What-if” Analysis Methods 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Traditional What-if Methods 7.3 Application of What-if Analysis 7.4 Process Steps for What-if Analysis 7.5 Introduction to the Structured What-if Risk Assessment (SWIFRA) 7.6 Severity of Injury or Harm 7.7 Case Study – SWIFRA of Chemical Release Event 7.8 CSB Investigation Summary 7.9 Analyzing the Case Study 7.10 Conclusion Review Questions References Chapter 8 Failure Mode and Effects Analysis 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Purpose and Use 8.3 Defining Failure Modes 8.4 Risk Description Considerations 8.5 FMEA Process Steps 8.6 Practical Application 8.7 Summary Review Questions References Chapter 9 Bow-Tie Analysis Methodology 9.1 Introduction 9.2 History 9.3 Overview 9.3.1 Fault Tree Analysis 9.3.2 Event Tree Analysis 9.3.3 Bow-Tie Methodology 9.4 Practical Application 9.4.1 Case Study #1 – Spray Paint Operation 9.4.2 Case Study #2 – Bhopal Disaster 9.5 Summary Review Questions References Chapter 10 Layers of Control Analysis 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Strategies for Reducing Operational Risk 10.3 Hierarchy of Risk Treatment 10.4 Developing a Risk Treatment Plan 10.5 The Concept of Layers of Protection 10.6 Analyzing Layers of Control 10.7 Layers of Protection Analysis (LOPA) 10.8 LOMA 10.8.1 Case Study #1 – The Bhopal Tragedy 10.9 Barrier Analysis 10.10 Layers of Control Analysis (LOCA) 10.11 Conclusion References Chapter 11 Prevention Through Design (PtD) and Design Safety Reviews 11.1 Introduction 11.2 The Concept of Prevention Through Design (PtD) 11.3 PtD Definitions 11.4 Risk Assessment Process and the PtD Model 11.5 Challenges and Obstacles to Overcome 11.6 Standards Requiring Design Safety 11.7 The Review of Designs 11.8 Hazardous Energy Control 11.9 Ergonomic Review of Designs 11.10 Design Review Process 11.11 Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment in Design 11.12 Conclusion References Chapter 12 Industrial Hygiene Risk Assessment 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Fundamental Concepts 12.3 US Navy Industrial Hygiene Field Operations Manual 12.4 Alternate Health Risk Ranking Systems 12.5 More Complex Occupational Hygiene Risk Assessment Tools 12.6 Health Risk Assessments and Prioritization 12.7 Modified HRR/IH FMEA Methodology 12.8 Case Study 12.8.1 Sampling 12.8.2 Results 12.9 Control Banding Nanotool 12.10 Dermal RA 12.11 Occupational Health Risk and PtD Process Alignment 12.12 Summary Review Questions References Chapter 13 Machine Risk Assessments 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Machine Safety Standards 13.2.1 The B11 Standards 13.3 Machine Hazards 13.4 Machine Safeguarding 13.4.1 Machine Safety Control Systems 13.5 Selecting Machines for Assessment 13.6 Risk Assessment of Machines 13.7 Estimating Risk 13.8 Case Study 13.9 Assessment of Machine Maintenance and Service 13.10 Summary Appendix A Machine Safeguards Methods (Adapted from OSHA) References Chapter 14 Project-Oriented Risk Assessments 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Fatalities and Serious Incidents 14.3 Error Traps in Nonroutine Tasks 14.4 Management of Change 14.5 Construction Project Work 14.6 Construction Project Risk Assessment 14.7 Safe Work Methods 14.8 Pre-Task Hazard Analysis 14.9 The Use of Checklists 14.10 Maintenance and Service Work 14.11 Operating Hazard Analysis 14.12 Analyzing Specific Hazards 14.13 Pre-Entry Hazard Analysis 14.14 Fall Hazard Assessment 14.15 Summary Review Questions References Chapter 15 Food Processing Risk Assessments 15.1 Overview 15.2 Introduction to Food Risk 15.3 Risk Assessment Techniques in the Food Industry 15.4 Food Safety-Related Hazards 15.5 Techniques for Assessing Food Risk 15.6 HACCP 15.7 Integration of Risk Assessment Methods 15.8 PtD and HACCP Integration 15.9 Conclusions References Chapter 16 Ergonomic Risk Assessment 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Ergonomics and Design 16.3 Ergonomic Hazards 16.4 Ergonomic Risk Factors 16.5 Establishing an Ergonomics Assessment Process 16.6 Assessing Ergonomic Risk 16.7 Ergonomics Improvement Process 16.7.1 Identify Jobs 16.7.2 Assessment Tools 16.7.3 Assessment Team 16.7.4 Performing the Assessments 16.7.5 Identifying Corrective Measures 16.7.6 Implementing Measures 16.7.7 Verify and Refine 16.7.8 Communicate Results 16.8 Ergonomic Risk Assessment Tool (ERAT) – A Practical Assessment Tool 16.8.1 ERAT Example – Pork Processing Belly Grader 16.8.2 ERAT Initial Assessment Scores 16.8.3 Ergonomics Risk Controls Selection and Implementation 16.8.4 Post-Control Assessment 16.9 Conclusion Review Questions Appendix A Sample Ergonomic Responsibilities for Involved Stakeholders Appendix B Sample Ergonomics Training for Involved Stakeholders Appendix C Ergonomic Risk Assessment Tool (ERAT) – Initial Assessment Appendix D Ergonomic Risk Assessment Tool (ERAT) – Post Control Assessment Appendix E Hierarchy of Ergonomic Risk Controls References Chapter 17 Assessing Operational Risks at an Organizational Level 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Risks to an Organization 17.3 Organizational Risk Management 17.4 Key Terms in Organizational Risk 17.5 Assessing Organizational Risk 17.6 Summary Review Questions References Chapter 18 Risk Assessment Applications in Lean Six Sigma and Environmental Management Systems 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Environmental Management Systems (EMSs) 18.3 ISO 14001 Implementation 18.4 Environmental Policy and Planning 18.5 Environmental Aspects 18.5.1 Purpose 18.6 Identify Environmental Aspects 18.7 Identification Process 18.8 Location, Department, Index, Aspect 18.9 Impacts to Environmental Properties 18.10 Impact Subtotal and Polarity Adjustment 18.11 Impact Severity 18.12 Impact Probability 18.13 Frequency 18.14 Legal Risks 18.15 Current Controls 18.16 Significance Score for Significance Scores without Controls Section 18.17 Personnel Risk 18.18 Significance Scores with Controls Section 18.19 Overall Significance Rating Chart 18.20 EMS and Implementation of Lean Six Sigma Practices 18.20.1 Case Study 18.21 Conclusions Review Questions References Chapter 19 Business Continuity Plan 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Business Continuity Management 19.3 Emergency Action Plans 19.4 Disaster Recovery Plans 19.5 Crisis Management Plans 19.6 Business Continuity Plans 19.7 Business Continuity Planning and Risk Assessment 19.8 Select BCP Team 19.9 Define Context, Purpose, Scope 19.10 Define Terminology 19.11 Critical Function Assessment 19.12 Threat Assessment 19.13 Business Impact Analysis (BIA) 19.14 Identify Hazards and Risk 19.14.1 Natural Hazards 19.14.2 Human-Caused Hazards 19.14.3 Technological Hazards 19.15 Develop BCP References Chapter 20 Communicate Risk 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Communicating Risk 20.3 Key Practices 20.4 Risk-Based Information and Decision-making 20.5 Assessing and Communicating Risk 20.6 Case Study 20.7 Conclusions References Index EULA