Английский язык в сфере биологии, экологии и аквакультуры: Учебное пособие

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Основной целью учебного пособия является развитие навыков коммуникации в устной и письменной формах на иностранном языке для решения задач профессиональной деятельности. Использованы переработанные аутентичные тексты из научной литературы и ресурсов сети интернет. Состоит из четырёх базовых уроков и трёх приложений. Все задания направлены на формирование профессиональных компетенций у магистрантов. Предназначено для студентов магистратуры высших учебных заведений очной и заочной форм обучения по направлениям в области биологии, экологии, природопользования, аквакультуры и водных биоресурсов, для слушателей программы дополнительной квалификации «Переводчик в сфере профессиональной коммуникации», а также для широкого круга читателей. Science and non-science can be distinguished by the kinds of laws and rules that are constructed to unify the body of knowledge. Science involves the continuous testing of rules and principles by the collection of new facts. In science, these rules ar... Scientific inquiry often begins with an observation that an event has occurred repeatedly. An observation occurs when we use our senses (smell, sight, hearing, taste, touch) or an extension of our senses (microscope, tape recorder, X-ray machine, ther... As scientists gain more empirical evidence about an event, they begin to develop questions about it. A question that is too broad or too complex may be impossible to answer; therefore a great deal of effort is put into asking the question in the righ... A hypothesis is a statement that provides a possible answer to a question or an explanation for an observation that can be tested. A hypothesis is based on observations and information gained from other knowledgeable sources and predicts how an event... The test of a hypothesis can take several forms. It may simply involve the collection of pertinent information that already exists from a variety of sources. In other cases a hypothesis may be tested by simply making additional observations. Another c... A controlled experiment allows scientists to construct a situation so that only one variable is present. Furthermore, the variable can be manipulated or changed. A typical controlled experiment includes two groups: one in which the variable is manipul... Scientists are not likely to accept the results of a single experiment because it is possible that a random event that had nothing to do with the experiment could have affected the results and caused people to think there was a cause-and-effect relati... Theories and hypotheses are different. A hypothesis provides a possible explanation for a specific question; a theory is a broad concept that shapes how scientists look at the world and how they frame their hypotheses. A scientific law is a uniform or... If a rule is not testable, or if no rule is used, it is not science. Pseudoscience (pseudo = false) is not science but uses the appearance or language of science to convince, confuse, or mislead people into thinking that something has scientific vali... The scientific method can be applied only to questions that have factual bases. Questions concerning morals, value judgments, social issues, and attitudes cannot be answered using the scientific method. Science is also limited by the ability of peopl... 4. What is biology? Simply put, it is the study of life – life in all of its grandeur. From the very small algae to the very large elephant, life has a certain wonder about it. With that in mind, how do we know if something is living? Is a virus alive...