The Canadian Iroquois and the Seven Years' War

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The participation of the Iroquois of Akwasasne, Kanesetake (Oka), Kahnawake and Oswegatchie in the Seven Years’ War is a long neglected topic. The consequences of this struggle still shape Canadian history. The book looks at the social and economic impact of the war on both men and women in Canadian Iroquois communities. The Canadian Iroquois provides an enhanced appreciation both of the role of Amerindians in the war itself and of their difficult struggle to lead their lives within the unstable geopolitical environment created by European invasion and settlement. The Canadian Iroquois and the Seven Years’ War Contents List of Maps Acknowledgments Introduction Sources, Limits, and Looting Measurements Used in Contemporary Maps16 Quotations and Translations The Home Front Caughnawoga Indians Snowshoeing, by Amelia Frederica Dyneley and Mary Millicent Chaplin, c. 1850. NAC C-040310 St. Regis (Akwesasne) Indian Village on the St. Lawrence Riven by William Henry Bartlett, 1838. NAC C-040312 The village of La Chine and the Indian Village of Caughnawaga (Kahnawake) on the River St. Lawrence, by John Greaves, engraver W. Walton, December 1826. NAC C-122928 Parallel Warfare Eastern Woodland Indians, middle of the 18th century, by David Rickman. Department of National Defence Pierre de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudeuii, by Henri Beau. NAC C-539 MAP 3. Lake Ontario, by William R. Constable Officer,; Compagnies franches de la Marine, middle of fhe lôth century, by Eugène Lelièpvre. Parks Canada The Ohio Valley, 1753-1755 The restored entrenchment and stockade of Fort Necessity. Photograph by W.J. Eccles Fort Necessity as the Amerindians and French would have seen it during the siege. Photograph by W.J. Eccles The Burial of Braddock, by H. Pyle, c. 1850. A romantic reconstruction, featuring an improbably sedate ceremony and a finely crafted coffin. NAC C-007220 Lake George, 1755 Sir William Johnson, anon. NAC C-021368 LAKE CHAMPLAIN CORRIDOR MAP 7. Fort Edward, 1755 A sketch of Fort Edward/' 27 September 1755, by William Eyre, NMC 7756 Oswego, 1756 Louis-Joseph de Montcalm, Marquis de Montcalm, by Antoine Louis-François Sergent, engraver Adolphe Varin. NAC C-034178 Private, 50th and 51st Foot, c. 1755-1756. Gerry Embleton. Department of National Defence Fort William Henry, 1757 Fort Carillon, 1758 Montcalm and Languedoc Regiment Fort Carillon, July 1758, by James C. Tilly, 1961. NAC C-020695 Lake Champlain, Lake Ontario, and Quebec, 1759 A general view of Quebec from Point Levy, September 1st, 1761, by Richard Short, engraver P. Canot. NAC C-000355 Major-General James Wolfe, by J.S.C. Shaak, engraver R. Houston. The landing at the Anse au Foulon and subsequent engagement are portrayed in the background. NAC C-005561 French medal, cast by Jean Duvivler. NAC C-062181 (obverse), NAC-062182 (reverse) Sir Jeffery Amherst, K.B., by Sir Joshua Reynolds, engraver James Watson. In the background, Amherst's army is running the rapids of the upper St. Lawrence in 1760. NAC C-000561 A South West View of the Lines and Fort of Ticonderoga, by Thomas Davies, 1760. NAC C-010653 Cedar Rapids in the St. Lawrence River, by William Roebuck, c. 1820. Any invasion of Canada from Lake Ontario would have to overcome this natural barrier. NAC C-040371 Plan du village des sauvages des francoix des Abenakis... en l'année 1704. NMC 4901 Bottle of the Plains of Abraham, by J. Walker, 1877. This fanciful reconstruction of the battle is most notable for its portrayal of Amerindians firing into the British ranks. NAC C-06491 Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence Valley, 1760 Baffle of Sf. Foye, (sic) anon. NAC C-002069 Elevation du fort de la presentation par Paul La Brosse en l'anné 1752. Paul La Brosse. NMC 7760 MAP 14. The Siege of He aux Noix in 1760. NMC 18292 Passage of Amherst's Army down the Rapids of the St. Lawrence toward Montreal, by Thomas Davies, 1760. NAC C-000577 An east view of Montreal, in Canada, by Thomas Patten, engraver, Pierre Charles Canot, 1762. NAC C-002433 Village of Cedars on the St. Lawrence River, by William Henry Bartlett, 1838. NAC C-040325 The Good Work of Peace, 1760-1764 MAP 16. Kahnawake in 1754. The caption notes that the walls of the fort on the side of the river and the town were projected, as was the town wall along the river. Plan du fort du Sault St. Louis avec le village des sauvages Iroquois. Anon., 1754. NMC 42963 Grand Chief of Iroquois Warriors, by Jacques Grasset de Saint- Sauveur, engraver J. Laroque, c. 1796. NAC C-003161 Christian Daniei Claus, anon. NAC C-083514 British medal awarded to those Amerindians who accompanied Amherst's army from Fort Lévis to Montreal, cast by Daniel Christian Fueter. C-001457 Notes Introduction 1: The Home Front 2: Parallel Warfare 3: The Ohio Valley, 1753-1755 4: Lake George, 1755 5: Oswego 6: Fort William Henry, 1757 7: Fort Carillon, 1758 8: Lake Champlain, Lake Ontario, and Quebec, 1759 9: Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence Valley, 1760 10: The “Good Work of Peace,” 1760 64 Bibliography Index