Synchronizing 5G Mobile Networks

Description

The complete guide to timing and synchronization in advanced service provider networks and enterprise applications As networks have advanced, so has the need for precise timing and synchronization–including highly accurate phase synchronization. Without it, networks become increasingly vulnerable to outages, data loss events, and inefficiencies that can be notoriously difficult to diagnose. 5G telecom networks have especially stringent requirements, but they also apply to a growing number of enterprise applications in finance, factory automation, IoT, media, and beyond. Synchronizing 5G Mobile Networks is the definitive, comprehensive guide to all aspects of timing and synchronization. Drawing on extensive experience developing and implementing timing and synchronization systems, three leading experts cover standards, protocols, clock design, architecture, solution design, deployment tradeoffs, day-to-day operations, troubleshooting, and more. This book will be valuable to professionals with diverse backgrounds, even those with no timing or synchronization experience. It will be especially useful to engineers and consultants designing or implementing mobile networks; test engineers validating equipment or production solutions; students seeking careers with service providers or in advanced private networks; and technology leaders seeking to understand the growing role of time synchronization. Understand timing and synchronization concepts, goals, sources, and transport Explore timing applications in telecommunications and beyond Build synchronous networks with clocks, timing reference sources, time distribution, and timing signal consumption Review the role of standards development organizations in defining standards for timing and synchronization Drill down into the details of clocks, clock signals, and clock components Review traditional TDM-based techniques for frequency synchronization Explore precision time protocol (PTP) characteristics, features, profiles, and security Master best practices for designing and deploying timing in physical and packet-based networks Thoroughly understand timing metrics and end-to-end time error budgeting Establish accurate timing and synchronization in advanced 5G and LTE networks, including 5G New Radio and RAN environments Manage tradeoffs in synchronizing diverse cell sites, topologies, radio types, and mobile generations Verify, operate, monitor, and troubleshoot timing systems Contents Foreword Introduction Part I: Fundamentals of Synchronization and Timing Chapter 1. Introduction to Synchronization and Timing Overview of Time Synchronization What Is Synchronization and Why Is It Needed? What Is Time? How Can GPS Provide Timing and Synchronization? Accuracy Versus Precision Versus Stability Summary References in This Chapter Chapter 1 Acronyms Key Further Reading Chapter 2. Usage of Synchronization and Timing Use of Synchronization in Telecommunications Use of Time Synchronization in Finance, Business, and Enterprise Industrial Uses of Time—Power Industry Summary References in This Chapter Chapter 2 Acronyms Key Chapter 3. Synchronization and Timing Concepts Synchronous Networks Overview Clocks Sources of Frequency, Phase, and Time Timing Distribution Network Consumer of Time and Sync (the End Application) Summary References in This Chapter Chapter 3 Acronyms Key Further Reading Part II: SDOs, Clocks, and Timing Protocols Chapter 4. Standards Development Organizations International Telecommunication Union 3rd Generation Partnership Project Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers European Telecommunications Standards Institute Internet Engineering Task Force Radio Access Network MEF Forum Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers and Audio Engineering Society Summary References in This Chapter Chapter 4 Acronyms Key Further Reading Chapter 5. Clocks, Time Error, and Noise Clocks Time Error Holdover Performance Transient Response Measuring Time Error References in This Chapter Chapter 5 Acronyms Key Further Reading Chapter 6. Physical Frequency Synchronization Evolution of Frequency Synchronization BITS and SSU Clocking Hierarchy Synchronous Ethernet Enhanced Synchronous Ethernet Clock Traceability Synchronization Network Chain Clock Selection Process Timing Loops Standardization Summary References in This Chapter Chapter 6 Acronyms Key Further Reading Chapter 7. Precision Time Protocol History and Overview of PTP PTP Versus NTP IEEE 1588-2008 (PTPv2) PTP Clocks Profiles PTP Security IEEE 1588-2019 (PTPv2.1) Summary References in This Chapter Chapter 7 Acronyms Key Part III: Standards, Recommendations, and Deployment Considerations Chapter 8. ITU-T Timing Recommendations Overview of the ITU ITU-T Physical and TDM Timing Recommendations ITU-T Recommendations for Frequency in Packet Networks ITU-T Packet-Based Timing Recommendations Possible Future Changes in Recommendations Summary References in This Chapter Chapter 8 Acronyms Key Further Reading Chapter 9. PTP Deployment Considerations Deployment and Usage Factors Impacting Timing Performance Parameters for Timing Performance Clock Performance Budgeting End-to-End Time Error Network Holdover Packet Network Topologies Packet Transport Non-Mobile Deployments Summary References in This Chapter Chapter 9 Acronyms Key Further Reading Part IV: Timing Requirements, Solutions, and Testing Chapter 10. Mobile Timing Requirements Evolution of Cellular Networks Timing Requirements for Mobility Networks Timing Requirements for LTE and LTE-A Evolution of the 5G Architecture 5G New Radio Synchronization Requirements Summary References in This Chapter Chapter 10 Acronyms Key Further Reading Chapter 11. 5G Timing Solutions Deployment Considerations for Mobile Timing Frequency-Only Deployments Frequency, Phase, and Time Deployment Options Midhaul and Fronthaul Timing Timing Security and MACsec Summary References in This Chapter Chapter 11 Acronyms Key Further Reading Chapter 12. Operating and Verifying Timing Solutions Hardware and Software Solution Requirements Writing a Request for Proposal Testing Timing Automation and Assurance Troubleshooting and Field Testing Summary Conclusion References in This Chapter Chapter 12 Acronyms Key Further Reading