Respect: Philosophical Essays

Description

Respect plays a prominent role in contemporary moral philosophy, as well as our every-day moral thought. Ordinary discussion about morality is often framed in terms of demands for respect or complaints about being disrespected, yet basic questions about the concept and role of respect are frequently overlooked. Here, leading philosophers present their latest ideas and fresh perspectives to point research on the topic in new directions.Following an introduction to the historical rise of respect as a central concept in moral discourse, Part I addresses the fundamental questions of what respect is; its nature and basis. Part II then examines questions in moral theory, for example what exactly ought to be respected, what role respect plays in morality, and which different types of respect are appropriate and morally significant. Part III concludes with the practical application of requirements of respect, with implications forsignificant moral issues of our time including environmental ethics, social justice, disability, bioethics, and more. Cover Respect: Philosophical Essays Copyright Dedication Contents Acknowledgments List of Contributors Introduction Part I. On What Respect Is Part II. Respect in Moral Theory Part III. Applications of Respect 1: Respect: A History 1. A Puzzle in Two Parts 2. Immanuel Kant and the Usual Half-Truth 3. Early Modern Moments 4. Outside the Canon 5. Feminist Tales 6. The Abolitionist Cause Notes References Part I: On What Respect Is 2: A Conversive Theory of Respect Introduction 1. The Ordinary Concept of Respect 1.1 Constituency Assumptions 1.2 Modality Assumptions 1.3 Behavioral Assumptions 2. A Philosophical Anthropology 2.1 A Starting Point 2.2 Intentional, Overt Communication 2.3 Making up Our Minds 2.4 From Conversive to Conversable 2.5 From Conversable to Commissive 3. Towards a Theory of Respect 3.1 Conversive Exchange 3.2 Is Converse Sufficient for Respect? 3.3 Is Converse Necessary for Respect? 3.4 The Conversive Theory and Its Appeal Conclusion Notes References 3: Respect for Persons and Public Justification 1. Publicly Justifying the Summons Part I. The coercion justifying analysis 2. Respect for Persons and Coercion 2.1 Justification and Coercion 2.2 The Person to Be Respected 3. Benn’s Analysis of Personhood and Interference 3.1 The Itinerary from Natural to Moral Personhood 3.2 Interference and the Interpersonal Point of View 4. The Failure of the Categorical Imperative Not to Coerce 4.1 Rejection of the First Categorical Claim: Not a Universal Imperative 4.2 Rejection of the Second Categorical Claim Part II. The authority justifying analysis 5. Social Morality as Mutual Authority to Issue Summonses 6. No Categorical Requirement to Participate in Social Morality 6.1 Two Modes of Moral Reasoning 6.2 The Gap 6.3 Respect for Persons: The Social Achievement View 7. The Public Justification of Coercion in a Moral Order: Fundamental, Not Foundational 8. Conclusion Notes References 4: The Phenomenology of Kantian Respect for Persons 1. Respect and Moral Phenomenology 2. Kant on the Experience of Recognition-Respect I. A Footnote in the Groundwork 3. Kant on the Experience of Recognition-Respect II. The Contrastive Phenomenology of the Doctrine of Virtue 4. Filling out the Kantian Phenomenology of Recognition-Respect 5. Outstanding Challenges and Further Research Notes References 5: How to Treat Someone with Respect 1. Different Kinds of Respect 2. Respect as Due Regard 3. Respect as Not Merely Using Someone 4. Respect and Just Using Someone 5. Respect as Consent 6. The Nature of Respect 7. Objections 8. Conclusion Notes References Part II: Respect In Moral Theory 6: Respect and the Dynamics of Finitude 1. Respect as a Moral Ideal of Recognition 2. Respect and the Practical Standpoint 3. Rational Construction and Finitude 4. The Dynamics of Finitude 5. Finite Agency, Divided Minds 6. Respect as Self-Governance 7. Respect and the Formality of the Practical Standpoint 8. Moral Authority by Reflective Endorsement 9. Conclusion Notes References 7: The Peculiar Idea of Respect for a Capacity 1. An Important Ambiguity 2. How Widespread Is Reliance on the Ambiguity? Conclusion Notes References 8: Beyond Respect and Beneficence: An Ideal of Appreciation 1. Investigating Ideals of Moral Attitude: Aims and Methods 2. Beneficent Concern for Others’ Happiness 3. Respect 4. Appreciation 5. Conclusion Notes References 9: Valuing Our Humanity 1. Introduction 2. Valuing Morality 3. Valuing People as Ends in Themselves 4. Valuing Yourself as an End in Yourself Notes References 10: On a Kantian Form of Respect: “Before a Humble Common Man . . . My Spirit Bows” 1. Two Kinds of Respect: Recognition and Appraisal 2. Honor as a Form of Recognition Respect 3. “Before a Common Humble Man . . . My Spirit Bows” 4. Interlude on Self-Conceit Notes References Part III: Applications Of Respect 11: Self-Respect Arrogance, and Power: A Feminist Analysis Introduction 1. Arrogance and Self-Respect A Kantian Analysis 2. The Role of Power One connection between arrogance and power is this: A second connection between arrogance and power is this: A third connection: Arrogance supports and reinforces A fourth connection: Uses and non-uses 3. Self-Respecting Arrogance Notes References 12: Self-Respect under Conditions of Oppression 1. Double Binds and the Costs of Noncompliance 2. Resistance without Noncompliance? 3. Self-Regarding Duties to Resist and Desiderata for Anti-Oppression Theory Conclusion: Self-Regarding Duties under Conditions of Oppression Notes References 13: A Lack of Respect in Bioethics 1. Respect in Bioethics 2. A Kantian Account of Respect for the Worth of Persons 3. Physician-Assisted Dying 4. Distribution of Scarce, Life-Saving Resources 5. Procreation Conclusion Notes References 14: Treating Disabled Adults as Children: An Application of Kant’s Conception of Respect 1. Kant’s Conception of Respect 1.1 Inner Worth 1.2 Some Things that Have Inner Worth 1.3 Respect for Things with Inner Worth 1.4 Respectful Actions 2. Applying Kant’s Conception of Respect 2.1 Respect for the Moral Law 2.2 Respect for Autonomous Persons 2.3 Respect for the Moral Character of Persons Conclusion Notes References 15: Species Egalitarianism and Respect for Nature: Of Mice and Carrots Introduction 1. Species Egalitarianism under Attack 2. A More Radical Species Egalitarianism 2.1 Carrots, Cows, Mice, and Chimps 2.2 Are We Vampires? Conclusion Notes References Index