C# 7.0 Pocket Reference: Instant Help for C# 7.0 Programmers

Description

When you need answers for programming with C# 7.0, this tightly focused reference tells you exactly what you need to know--without long introductions or bloated examples. Easy-to-browse and ideal as a quick reference, this guide will help experienced C#, Java, and C++ programmers get up to speed with the latest version of the C# language. All programs and code snippets in this book are available as interactive samples in LINQPad. You can edit these samples and instantly see the results without needing to set up projects in Visual Studio. Written by the authors of C# 7.0 in a Nutshell, this pocket reference covers C# 7.0 without skimping on detail, including: All of C#'s fundamentals Features new to C# 7.0, including tuples, pattern matching, and deconstructors Advanced topics: operator overloading, type constraints, iterators, nullable types, operator lifting, lambda expressions, and closures LINQ: sequences, lazy execution, standard query operators, and query expressions Unsafe code and pointers, custom attributes, preprocessor directives, and XML documentation Copyright Table of Contents C# 7.0 Pocket Reference Conventions Used in This Book Using Code Examples O’Reilly Safari How to Contact Us A First C# Program Compilation Syntax Identifiers and Keywords Literals, Punctuators, and Operators Comments Type Basics Predefined Type Examples Custom Type Examples Conversions Value Types Versus Reference Types Predefined Type Taxonomy Numeric Types Numeric Literals Numeric Conversions Arithmetic Operators Increment and Decrement Operators Specialized Integral Operations 8- and 16-Bit Integral Types Special Float and Double Values double Versus decimal Real Number Rounding Errors Boolean Type and Operators Equality and Comparison Operators Conditional Operators Strings and Characters String Type Arrays Default Element Initialization Multidimensional Arrays Simplified Array Initialization Expressions Variables and Parameters The Stack and the Heap Definite Assignment Default Values Parameters var—Implicitly Typed Local Variables Expressions and Operators Assignment Expressions Operator Precedence and Associativity Operator Table Null Operators Null Coalescing Operator Null-Conditional Operator Statements Declaration Statements Expression Statements Selection Statements Iteration Statements Jump Statements Namespaces The using Directive using static Rules Within a Namespace Aliasing Types and Namespaces Classes Fields Methods Instance Constructors Deconstructors (C# 7) Object Initializers The this Reference Properties Indexers Constants Static Constructors Static Classes Finalizers Partial Types and Methods The nameof Operator Inheritance Polymorphism Casting and Reference Conversions Virtual Function Members Abstract Classes and Abstract Members Hiding Inherited Members Sealing Functions and Classes The base Keyword Constructors and Inheritance Overloading and Resolution The object Type Boxing and Unboxing Static and Runtime Type Checking The GetType Method and typeof Operator Object Member Listing Equals, ReferenceEquals, and GetHashCode The ToString Method Structs Struct Construction Semantics Access Modifiers Friend Assemblies Accessibility Capping Interfaces Extending an Interface Explicit Interface Implementation Implementing Interface Members Virtually Reimplementing an Interface in a Subclass Enums Enum Conversions Flags Enums Enum Operators Nested Types Generics Generic Types Generic Methods Declaring Type Parameters typeof and Unbound Generic Types The default Generic Value Generic Constraints Subclassing Generic Types Self-Referencing Generic Declarations Static Data Covariance Contravariance Delegates Writing Plug-In Methods with Delegates Multicast Delegates Instance Versus Static Method Targets Generic Delegate Types The Func and Action Delegates Delegate Compatibility Events Standard Event Pattern Event Accessors Lambda Expressions Capturing Outer Variables Lambda Expressions Versus Local Methods Anonymous Methods try Statements and Exceptions The catch Clause The finally Block Throwing Exceptions Key Properties of System.Exception Common Exception Types Enumeration and Iterators Enumeration Collection Initializers Iterators Iterator Semantics Composing Sequences Nullable Types Nullable Struct Nullable Conversions Boxing/Unboxing Nullable Values Operator Lifting bool? with & and | Operators Nullable Types and Null Operators Extension Methods Extension Method Chaining Ambiguity and Resolution Anonymous Types Tuples (C# 7) Naming Tuple Elements Deconstructing Tuples LINQ LINQ Fundamentals Deferred Execution Standard Query Operators Chaining Query Operators Query Expressions The let Keyword Query Continuations Multiple Generators Joining Ordering Grouping OfType and Cast Dynamic Binding Static Binding Versus Dynamic Binding Custom Binding Language Binding RuntimeBinderException Runtime Representation of dynamic Dynamic Conversions var Versus dynamic Dynamic Expressions Dynamic Member Overload Resolution Uncallable Functions Operator Overloading Operator Functions Overloading Equality and Comparison Operators Custom Implicit and Explicit Conversions Attributes Attribute Classes Named and Positional Attribute Parameters Attribute Targets Specifying Multiple Attributes Writing Custom Attributes Retrieving Attributes at Runtime Caller Info Attributes Asynchronous Functions The await and async Keywords Capturing Local State Writing Asynchronous Functions Parallelism Asynchronous Lambda Expressions Unsafe Code and Pointers Pointer Basics Unsafe Code The fixed Statement The Pointer-to-Member Operator Arrays void* Preprocessor Directives Pragma Warning XML Documentation Standard XML Documentation Tags Index