Fundamentals of International Aviation Law and Policy

Description

Cover Half Title Series Page Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents Foreword Acknowledgements Acronyms and Abbreviations Biography Learning Tools Legal texts International Treaties European Union Legislation National Legislation Court cases Court of Justice of the European Union Cases International Court of Justice Cases United States Cases United Kingdom Cases Other Domestic Cases 1 Foundations of Aviation Law Learning Objectives 1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 Aviation v. Air Law 1.1.2 What is Aviation Law? 1.2 Key Elements in Aviation Law 1.3 Sources of Aviation Law 1.3.1 International Law 1.3.2 European Union Law 1.3.3 National Law 1.3.4 Binding Law and Non-Binding Instruments Recommended Literature Points for Further Research 2 Early Development in Aviation Law Learning Objectives 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Prior to the Paris Convention 1919 2.3 Paris Peace Conference 2.3.1 World War I and the Treaty of Versailles 2.3.2 Paris Convention 1919 2.4 Madrid Convention 1926 2.5 Havana Convention 1928 2.6 Time for a New Era Recommended Literature Points for Further Research 3 Convention on International Civil Aviation Learning Objectives 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Applicability of the Chicago Convention 1944 3.2.1 International 3.2.2 Aviation 3.2.3 Civil 3.3 War and Emergency Conditions 3.4 Purpose of the Chicago Convention 1944 3.4.1 Preamble 3.4.2 Misuse of Civil Aviation 3.4.3 Use of Weapons Against Civil Aircraft 3.5 Breakdown of the Chicago Convention 1944 3.5.1 Part I Air Navigation 3.5.2 Part II International Civil Aviation Organization 3.5.3 Part III International Air Transport 3.5.4 Part IV Final Provisions 3.6 Transfer of Responsibility 3.7 Amendments 3.8 Dispute Settlement 3.8.1 Role of the International Civil Aviation Organization Council 3.8.2 Appeals after the International Civil Aviation Organization Council 3.8.3 Penalties Recommended Literature Points for Further Research 4 International Civil Aviation Organization Learning Objectives 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Bodies of the International Civil Aviation Organization 4.2.1 Secretariat 4.2.2 Council 4.2.3 Assembly 4.2.4 Air Navigation Commission 4.3 Annexes to the Chicago Convention 1944 4.3.1 Standards and Recommended Practices 4.3.2 Overview of the Annexes to the Chicago Convention 1944 4.3.3 Adoption of Standards and Recommended Practices 4.3.4 Departures from International Standards and Procedures 4.4 Regional Cooperation under the Chicago Convention 1944 Recommended Literature Points for Further Research 5 International Air Transport Learning Objectives 5.1 Introduction 5.1.1 Sovereignty: Article 1 Chicago Convention 1944 and a Closed Airspace 5.1.2 Non-Scheduled International Air Services 5.1.3 Regulation of International Scheduled Air Services 5.1.4 Notion of Cabotage 5.1.5 Operation of Pilotless Aircraft 5.1.6 Prohibited Areas: Article 9 Chicago Convention 1944 5.2 Freedoms of the Air 5.2.1 First Freedom 5.2.2 Second Freedom 5.2.3 Third Freedom 5.2.4 Fourth Freedom 5.2.5 Fifth Freedom 5.2.6 Sixth Freedom 5.2.7 Seventh freedom 5.2.8 Eight Freedom: ‘Relative’ or ‘Quasi’ Cabotage 5.2.9 Ninth Freedom: ‘Absolute’ or ‘Pure’ Cabotage 5.3 Rise of Bilateralism 5.3.1 Pre-Liberalisation: Bermuda I and Bermuda II Air Services Agreements 5.3.2 Early Multilateral Developments 5.3.3 ‘Open Skies’ Agreements 5.3.4 Recent Multilateral ‘Open Skies’ Attempts 5.4 Key Themes in Bilateral Air Services Agreements 5.4.1 Airline Nationality Requirements 5.4.2 Licensing 5.4.3 Designation of Airlines 5.5 Airline Commercial Cooperation and Alliances 5.5.1 Rationale for Airline Cooperation 5.5.2 Interlining 5.5.3 Code-Sharing 5.5.4 Global Alliances Recommended Literature Points for Further Research 6 Criminal Aviation Law Learning Objectives 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Background and Prohibited Acts 6.2.1 Tokyo Convention 1963 6.2.2 Hague Convention 1970 6.2.3 Montreal Convention 1971 6.2.4 Montreal Protocol 1988 6.2.5 Beijing Convention 2010 6.2.6 Beijing Protocol 2010 6.2.7 Montreal Protocol 2014 6.3 Applicability 6.3.1 Religious Motivation 6.3.2 In Flight and In Service 6.3.3 Surface of the High Sea and other Areas OutsideTerritory of a State 6.3.4 Non-Military 6.3.5 International Element 6.4 Jurisdiction 6.5 Obligations of Contracting States 6.6 Powers of the Aircraft Commander 6.6.1 Restraint 6.6.2 Disembarkation 6.6.3 Delivery 6.7 In-FlightSecurity Officer 6.8 Dispute Settlement 6.9 Issues of Entry into Force Recommended Literature Points for Further Research 7 Contractual Liability Learning Objectives 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Historical Background 7.2.1 Warsaw Convention 1929 7.2.2 Amendments and Additions Following the Warsaw Convention 1929 7.2.3 Montreal Convention 1999 7.3 Scope of Application 7.4 Documentation 7.4.1 Documentation Relating to Passengers and Baggage 7.4.2 Documentation Relating to Carriage of Cargo 7.5 Liability of the Air Carrier in Case of Death or Injury of Passengers 7.5.1 Article 17 Montreal Convention 1999 7.5.2 Accident 7.5.3 Causal Link between the Accident and the Damage 7.5.4 Death or Bodily Injury 7.5.5 Embarkation and Disembarkation 7.5.6 Damage to Baggage 7.6 Two-Tier Liability Regime of the Montreal Convention 1999 7.6.1 Limited, but Strict, Liability 7.6.2 Exposure to Unlimited Liability 7.7 Carrier Liability in Case of Delay 7.8 Liability Regime Concerning the Carriage of Cargo 7.9 Exclusivity Principle 7.10 Jurisdiction 7.10.1 Court of the Domicile of the Carrier 7.10.2 Court of the Principal Place of Business of the Carrier 7.10.3 Court where the Carrier has a Place of Business through which the Contract has been Made 7.10.4 Court at the Place of Destination 7.10.5 Fifth Jurisdiction 7.10.6 Concluding Remarks on Jurisdiction 7.11 Regional or Local Regimes Concerning Air Passenger Rights: Example of the Regulation 261/2004 7.11.1 Geographical Scope of Application 7.11.2 Material Scope of Application 7.11.3 Compensation Scheme 7.11.4 Duty of Assistance and Right to Care 7.11.5 Compatibility with the Montreal Convention 1999 7.11.6 Extraordinary Defence for the Air Carrier Recommended Literature Points for Further Research 8 Third-Party Liability and Damage on the Surface Learning Objectives 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Early Development: Rome Convention 1933 8.3 Rome Convention 1952 8.3.1 Scope 8.3.2 Operator of the Aircraft 8.4 Montreal Protocol 1978 8.5 International Civil Aviation Organization Conventions for Damage to Third Parties 8.5.1 Unlawful Interference Convention 2009 8.5.2 General Risks Convention 2009 8.6 Mid-Air Collisions Recommended Literature Points for Further Research 9 Aviation Insurance Learning Objectives 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Definition of ‘Insurance’ 9.3 Applicable Law 9.4 Process 9.5 Compulsory Insurance 9.5.1 Rome Convention 1952 9.5.2 Montreal Convention 1999 9.5.3 European Union Regulation 1008/2008 and Regulation 785/2004 9.5.4 Other Sources of Law 9.6 Types of Insurance Recommended Literature Points for Further Research 10 Aviation Competition Law Learning Objectives 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Application of Competition Law to Air Transport 10.3 European Union Competition Law Framework 10.3.1 Prohibited Agreements 10.3.2 Abuse of Dominant Position 10.3.3 Application of Articles 101 and 102 Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union to the Aviation Sector 10.3.4 State Aid 10.3.5 Airline Merger Control in the European Union 10.4 United States Antitrust Regime 10.4.1 Introduction 10.4.2 Sherman Act 10.4.3 Institution of the Antitrust Immunity 10.4.4 Airline Merger Control in the USA 10.5 Development of Fair Competition in International Air Transport: Role of the International Civil Aviation Organization Recommended Literature Points for Further Research 11 Regulation of Environment in Aviation Learning Objectives 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Need for a Sustainable Aviation 11.3 Regulation of Environment in Air Transport 11.3.1 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol 11.3.2 International Civil Aviation Organization and Annex 11.3.3 Carbon Offsetting Reduction Scheme for International Aviation 11.4 Air Service Agreements and Recent Developments 11.5 European Union Emissions Trading Scheme 11.6 Aircraft Noise Recommended Literature Points for Further Research 12 Suborbital Transportation and the Link to Space Law Learning Objectives 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Historical Overview 12.3 Overview of the Industry 12.3.1 Types of Vehicles 12.3.2 Suborbital Vehicles Concepts 12.3.3 Types of Activities 12.3.4 Types of Participants 12.4 Legal Regime 12.5 Applicable Laws 12.5.1 Spatialist Approach 12.5.2 Functionalist Approach Recommended Literature Points for Further Research Annex I – List of Main International Aviation Law Treaties I.I Public Aviation Law I.II Contractual Liability I.III Third-Party Liability I.IV Criminal Law I.V Rights in Aircraft Index