Cyclostratigraphy and Astrochronology: Volume 3 (Stratigraphy & Timescales)

Description

Stratigraphy and Time Scale, Volume Three in the Advances in Sequence Stratigraphy series, covers current research across many stratigraphic disciplines, providing information on the most recent developments for the geoscientific research community. This fully commissioned review publication aims to foster and convey progress in stratigraphy, including geochronology, magnetostratigraphy, lithostratigraphy, event-stratigraphy, isotope stratigraphy, astrochronology, climatostratigraphy, seismic stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, ice core chronology, cyclostratigraphy, palaeoceanography, sequence stratigraphy, and more. Updated chapters include topics such as the Cyclostratigraphy of shallow-water carbonates - limitations and opportunities, Muschelkalk ramp cycles, Orbital Control on Paleozoic Source Rock Formation, and Cyclostratigraphy in different Jurassic carbonate ramps (Iberian Basin, NE Spain). Contains contributions from leading authorities in the fieldInforms and updates on all the latest developments in the fieldAims to foster and convey progress in stratigraphy, including geochronology, magnetostratigraphy, lithostratigraphy, event-stratigraphy, and more 01 STRATIGRAPHY & TIMESCALES STRATIGRAPHY & TIMESCALES 02 SERIAL EDITOR 03 STRATIGRAPHY & TIMESCALESCYCLOSTRATIGRAPHY AND ASTROCHRONOLOGYEDITED BYMICHAEL MONTENARIDEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES AND GE ... STRATIGRAPHY & TIMESCALESCYCLOSTRATIGRAPHY AND ASTROCHRONOLOGYEDITED BYMICHAEL MONTENARIDEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES AND GE ... 04 05 CONTRIBUTORS 06 PREFACE 1 One - Cyclostratigraphy and Astrochronology in 2018 1. Introduction 1.1 Astrodynamics – Orbital Eccentricity and Inclination 1.1.1 Orbital Eccentricity and Inclination Variables 1.1.2 Astronomical Solutions 1.1.3 Paleo-Astrodynamics 1.2 Geodynamics –Precession and Obliquity 1.2.1 Luni-Solar Precession 1.2.2 Precession and Obliquity Equations 1.2.3 Tidal Dissipation and Dynamical Ellipticity 1.2.4 Paleo-Geodynamics 1.3 Milankovitch Cycles and Paleoclimate Responses 1.3.1 The Insolation Equation 1.3.2 Paleoclimate Responses 1.4 Stratigraphic Record of Milankovitch Cycles 1.4.1 Rectification Effects 1.4.2 Variable Accumulation Rates 2. Cyclostratigraphy 2.1 Cenozoic 2.2 Mesozoic 2.2.1 Cretaceous 2.2.2 Jurassic 2.2.3 Triassic 2.3 Paleozoic 2.3.1 Permian 2.3.2 Carboniferous 2.3.3 Devonian 2.3.4 Silurian 2.3.5 Ordovician 2.3.6 Cambrian 2.4 Precambrian 2.4.1 Neoproterozoic 2.4.2 Mesoproterozoic 2.4.3 Paleoproterozoic 2.4.4 Archean 3. Astrochronology 3.1 Astronomical Targets 3.1.1 Time Domain 3.1.2 Frequency Domain 3.2 Astronomical Metronomes 3.2.1 Venus and Jupiter Longitude of Perihelia and Earth's Orbital Eccentricity g2–g5 3.2.2 Earth and Saturn Precession of Nodes and Earth's Orbital Inclination s3–s6 3.3 Classical Tuning 3.3.1 Visual Tuning 3.3.2 Minimal Tuning 3.3.3 Tune and Release 3.4 Sedimentological Tuning 3.4.1 Aluminum Tuning 3.4.2 Carbonate Tuning 3.4.3 Depth-Derived Time Scales 3.4.4 Turbidite, Conglomerate Removal 3.5 Statistical Tuning 3.5.1 Average Spectral Misfit (ASM) 3.5.2 Bayesian Tuning 3.5.3 TimeOpt and TimeOptMCMC 3.5.4 Correlation Coefficient (COCO) 3.5.5 Other Assorted Techniques 3.6 Astronomical Time Scale 4. Conclusions Appendix A – Calculation of Earth's Orbital Eccentricity and Inclination A.1 La2010 Solution Files A.2 Orbital Eccentricity A.3 Orbital Inclination Appendix B – Astronomical Solutions Transformative to Cyclostratigraphy B.1 Analytical Solutions B.2 Numerical Integrations Appendix C – Variables of Earth's Precession C.1 – Luni-Solar Precession C.2 – Orbital Contributions to Precession and Obliquity C.3 – Variable Definitions Appendix D – Lunar Recession and Earth Deceleration Appendix E − Earth-Moon Roche Limit Appendix F – Calculating the g2–g5 and s3–s6 Metronomes With La2004 Appendix G – Major Sequences of g2–g5 Cycles in the Geologic Record Cenozoic Neogene Paleogene Mesozoic Cretaceous Jurassic Triassic Paleozoic Permian Carboniferous Devonian Silurian Ordovician Acknowledgments References 2 Two - Astronomical Time Scale for the Mesozoic 1. Introduction 2. Astronomical Theory and the 405-kyr Astronomical Tuning 2.1 Astronomical Theory 2.2 The 405-kyr Astronomical Tuning 3. The Current Status of the Triassic ATS 3.1 The Early Triassic 3.2 The Middle Triassic 3.3 The Late Triassic 4. The Current Status of the Jurassic ATS 4.1 The Early Jurassic 4.2 The Middle Jurassic 4.3 The Late Jurassic 5. The Current Status of the Cretaceous ATS 5.1 The Early Cretaceous 5.2 The Late Cretaceous 6. Conclusions Acknowledgments References 3 Three - Cyclostratigraphy of Shallow-Marine Carbonates – Limitations and Opportunities 1. INTRODUCTION 2. THE CYCLICAL RECORD IN SHALLOW-MARINE CARBONATES 2.1 Factors Controlling Carbonate Production and Sedimentation 2.2 Repetitive (Cyclic) Sediment Accumulation 2.2.1 Allocyclic versus Autocyclic and Random Processes 2.2.2 Long-Term versus Short-Term Processes 2.2.3 Fragmentary Sedimentary Record 2.3 The Latemar Controversy 3. CASE STUDY: OXFORDIAN OF THE SWISS JURA 3.1 Geological and Stratigraphic Context 3.2 Facies Evolution 3.3 Sequence- and Cyclostratigraphic Interpretation 3.4 Reconstruction of Orbitally Controlled Sea-Level Changes 3.4.1 Compaction and Decompaction 3.4.2 Estimation of Water Depth 3.4.3 Reconstruction of Accommodation and Sea-Level Changes 3.4.4 Sea-Level Amplitudes and the Orbital Signal 4. DISCUSSION 5. CONCLUSIONS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES 4 Four - Mechanisms of Preservation of the Eccentricity and Longer-term Milankovitch Cycles in Detrital Supply and Carbonate Product ... 1. Introduction 2. Geological Settings 3. Río Argos 4. Bersek Quarry 5. Composite Vergol-Morénas and La Charce-Pommerol 6. Orbital Impact on Detrital Input: Simulations 6.1 Effect of Memory in Erosion Processes 6.2 Effect of Phase Shifting on the Insolation Forcing 7. Conclusions Acknowledgments References 5 Five - Arabian Orbital Sequences 1. Introduction 2. Arabian Orbitons, Dozons and Stratons 2.1 Seven Lower Paleozoic Orbitons in Oman 2.2 Two-Dozen Stratons in Jordan's Ordovician 3. Glacio-Eustasy and Carbon-13 Isotope 4. Paleozoic Glaciations and Plate Tectonics 4.1 Ordovician–Silurian Snow Gun 4.2 Silurian Excursions 4.3 Cambrian Ice Sheets 4.4 Cambrian SPICE and Ice 5. Early Triassic Glacio-Eustasy 5.1 Olenekian Gray Zone and SB 17 5.2 Oman's Olenekian–Anisian Supersequence MSS 5.3 Olenekian Gray Zone in the Italian Alps 6. Tuning the Cenomanian Stage and Sea Level 6.1 Oman's Natih Reservoirs and Sequences 6.2 Cenomanian Glacio-Eustasy 7. Antarctica Glacio-Eustatic Signature 8. Conclusions Acknowledgments References 6 Six - Muschelkalk Ramp Cycles Revisited 1. Introduction 2. Previous Work 3. Towards Refined Correlation 4. Conclusions Acknowledgments References 7 Seven - The Down-dip Preferential Sequence Record of Orbital Cycles in Greenhouse Carbonate Ramps: Examples From the Jurassic of th ... 1. Introduction 2. Methods and Terminology 2.1 Ramp Domains 2.2 High-Frequency and Low-Frequency Sequences 2.3 Time Control, Hierarchical Stacking Pattern and Estimated Periodicities 3. Stratigraphic and Palaeogeographic Background 4. Upper Sinemurian-Lowermost Pliensbachian Sequence Record 4.1 Stratigraphy and Sedimentary Environments 4.2 Shallow Ramp Sequences 4.3 Shallow/Deep Ramp Sequences 5. Upper Pliensbachian Sequence Record 5.1 Stratigraphy and Sedimentary Environments 5.2 Shallow and Shallow/Deep Ramp Sequences 6. Bajocian Sequence Record 6.1 Stratigraphy and Sedimentary Environments 6.2 Shallow and Deep Ramp Sequences 7. Upper Kimmeridgian Sequence Record 7.1 Stratigraphy and Sedimentary Environments 7.2 Shallow Ramp Sequences 7.3 Deep Ramp Sequences 8. Discussion: The Variable Down-Dip Record of Sequences in the Iberian Jurassic Ramps 8.1 The Sedimentary Record of Orbital Cycles in Shallow Ramp 8.2 The Sedimentary Record of Orbital Cycles in Shallow/Deep Ramp 8.3 The Sedimentary Record of Orbital Cycles in Deep Ramp 9. A Review of the Sequence Record in Greenhouse Carbonate Ramps: Implications 9.1 Variable Down-Dip Sequence Record: the Rule rather than the Exception? 9.2 Precession-Related Sequences: Occurrence and Heterogeneity 10. Conclusions Acknowledgments References 8 Astronomical Calibration of the Tithonian – Berriasian in the Neuquén Basin, Argentina: A Contribution From the Southern He ... 1. Introduction 2. Geological Setting 2.1 Neuquén Basin 2.2 Lower Tithonian – Lower Valanginian Interval 3. Methodology 4. Cyclostratigraphic Analysis 4.1 Hierarchy of Cycles 4.2 Elementary Cycle Periodicity and Spectral Analysis 4.3 Orbital Calibration of Tithonian – Berriasian in the Neuquén Basin 5. A Complete Floating Astronomical Time Scale for the Tithonian – Berriasian 6. Conclusions Acknowledgments References 9 Nine - Paleocene-Eocene Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy and Cyclostratigraphy From the Neo-Tethys, Pabdeh Formation of the ... 1. Introduction 2. Geological Setting 3. Material and Methods 3.1 Nannofossil Biostratigraphy 3.2 Carbonate Contents and Total Organic Carbon 3.3 Whole Rock Carbonate Stable Carbon Isotopes 3.4 Orbital Cyclicity and Astronomical Calibration 4. Results 4.1 Nannofossil Biostratigraphy 4.1.1 Nannofossil Zone CNP8 - NP6 4.1.2 Nannofossil Zone CNP9/10 - NP7/8 4.1.3 Nannofossil Zone CNP11 - NP9a 4.1.4 Nannofossil Zone CNE1 - NP9b 4.1.5 Nannofossil Zone CNE2 - NP10 4.1.6 Nannofossil Zone CNE3 – NP10d/NP11 4.1.7 Nannofossil Zone CNE4 - NP12 4.1.8 Nannofossil Zone CNE5 - NP13 4.1.9 Nannofossil Zone CNE6 - NP14 4.1.10 Nannofossil Zone CNE7 - NP14 4.1.11 Nannofossil Zone CNE8 - NP14 4.2 Onset of the PETM CIE 4.3 Carbonate Content Signature 4.4 Cyclostratigraphic Evaluation 5. Discussion 5.1 The Base of the PETM 5.2 Nannoplankton Biostratigraphy 5.3 Cyclostratigraphy and Astronomical Tuning 5.4 Chronostratigraphy 5.4.1 The Base of the Thanetian 5.4.2 The Base of the Ypresian 5.4.3 The Base of the Lutetian 6. Conclusions Acknowledgments References