Energy technology perspectives : scenarios & strategies to 2050 : in support of the G8 Plan of action.

Description

Energy Technology Perspectives 2012 Table of Contents Introduction Foreword Executive Summary Acknowledgements Part 1 - Vision, Status and Tools for the Transition Chapter 1 - The Global Outlook The Global Outlook Choosing the future: scenarios in ETP 2012 The ETP 2012 6°C Scenario The ETP 2012 4°C Scenario The ETP 2012 2°C Scenario Technologies needed to achieve the 2DS Policies needed to achieve the 2DS Linking energy security and low-carbon energy Recommended actions for the near term Chapter 2 - Tracking Clean Energy Progress Tracking Clean Energy Progress Power generation Industry Buildings Transport Carbon capture and storage Technology overview notes Chapter 3 - Policies to Promote Technology Innovation Policies to Promote Technology Innovation Policy framework for low-carbon innovation Technological innovation and public policy When do technology support policies make sense? Energy technology policies Chapter 4 - Financing the Clean Energy Revolution Financing the Clean Energy Revolution Investment costs of an energy technology revolution Benefi ts of a low-carbon energy sector Current trends in low-carbon energy investments Status of climate fi nance Where will the money come from? Domestic policy frameworks for investing in clean energy Recommended actions for the near term Part 2 - Energy Systems Energy Systems Thinking Chapter 5 - Heating and Cooling Heating and Cooling An overview of global heating and cooling use Future demand for heating and cooling Decarbonising heating and cooling Integrated energy networks Recommended actions for the near term Chapter 6 - Flexible Electricity Systems Flexible Electricity Systems Electricity system indicators Developing fl exible resources in the power system The role of regulation in electricity system evolution Recommended actions for the near term Chapter 7 - Hydrogen Hydrogen Hydrogen today Hydrogen in the energy system context Hydrogen technologies and conversion pathways Hydrogen trajectory to 2050 and beyond Recommended actions for the near term Part 3 - Fossil Fuels and CCS The Future of Fossil Fuels Chapter 8 - Coal Technologies Coal Technologies Role of coal in the energy mix Coal-fi red power generation Potential for reducing emissions and improving air quality Technologies for improving effi ciency and reducing emissions Emerging technologies Recommended actions for the near term Chapter 9 - Natural Gas Technologies Natural Gas Technologies Role of gas in energy Main drivers of the changing gas demand Unconventional gas Role of gas in future scenarios Gas for power generation Gas use in the industry and buildings sectors Gas use in the transport sector Role of gas in a low-carbon economy Recommended actions for the near term Chapter 10 - Carbon Capture and Storage Technologies Carbon Capture and Storage Technologies The need for carbon capture and storage technology and potential applications Carbon capture and storage applied to electricity generation Carbon capture and storage in industrial applications Transport and storage of CO2 Recommended actions for the near term Part 4 - Scenarios and Technology Roadmaps Chapter 11 - Electricity Generation and Fuel Transformation Electricity Generation and Fuel Transformation Recent trends in electricity generation and fuel transformation Scenario results for electricity generation Scenario results for fuel transformation Variants of the 2DS for the power sector Recommended actions for the near term Chapter 12 - Industry Industry Industrial energy use and CO2 emissions Industry scenarios Recommended actions for the near term Chapter13 - Transport Transport The turbulent decade: 2000 to 2010 Looking ahead at transport technologies Scenarios: long-term vision for short-term action Focus on transport infrastructure Transport cost assessment: adding up vehicles, fuels and infrastructure Recommended actions for the near term Chapter 14 - Buildings Buildings Energy use and CO2 emissions Scenario results for the buildings sector Recommended actions for the near term Chapter 15 - Technology Roadmaps Technology Roadmaps Bioenergy CCS in power generation Concentrating solar power Geothermal Smart grid Energy effi cient buildings: heating and cooling equipment CCS in industrial applications Cement sector Biofuels EV/PHEV Fuel economy Chapter 16 - 2075: Can We Reach Zero Emissions? 2075: Can We Reach Zero Emissions? Underlying assumptions in the 2DS for 2075 CO2 results for 2075 Energy use to 2075 Recommended actions for the near term Chapter 17 - Regional Spotlights Regional Spotlights 1. Association of Southeast Asian Nations 2. Brazil 3. China 4. European Union 5. India 6. Mexico 7. Russia 8. South Africa 9. United States Annexes Annex A - Analytical Approach Annex B - Abbreviations and Acronyms Annex C - Definitions, Regional and Country Groupings and Units Annex D - References