Software Engineering Research in System Science: Proceedings of 12th Computer Science On-line Conference 2023, Volume 1

Description

The latest advancements in software engineering are featured in this book, which contains the refereed proceedings of the part of the 12th Computer Science Online Conference 2023 (CSOC 2023), held online in April 2023. The software engineering research in system science session is focusing on the importance of software engineering in the field of system science. This section provides a platform for researchers to share their insights on modern research methodologies, machine learning, and statistical learning techniques in software engineering research. The session provides a unique opportunity for researchers and industry experts to explore the latest trends in software engineering and inspire future research directions. This session brings together experts from different fields to present their research and discuss the latest challenges and opportunities. One of the key themes of this session is the application of artificial intelligence in software engineering. Researchers are exploring how techniques can be used to automate various aspects of software engineering, such as testing, debugging, and maintenance. This helps improve the quality and efficiency of software development processes. Preface Organization Contents Management of Electronic Waste from Matiki Landfill - A Case Study 1 Introduction 2 Literature Background 3 Methodology 3.1 Study Design 3.2 Study Setting 3.3 Participants Selection 3.4 Data Collection 3.5 Data Analysis 3.6 Ethical Considerations 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Conclusion References Actualization of Educational Programs and Content in the Concept of Convergent Education 1 Introduction 2 Methods and Results 2.1 Methodology for Actualization Educational Programs and Content in a Convergent Educational Model 2.2 Synthesis and Actualization of Convergent Educational Materials 3 Conclusion References Iterative Morphism Trees: The Basic Definitions and the Construction Algorithm 1 Introduction 2 Preliminaries 3 The Algorithm for Constructing the Iterative Morphism Tree 4 Auxiliary Definitions and Objects Necessary to Prove the Correctness of the Algorithm 5 Conclusion References Special Theoretical Issues of Practical Algorithms for Communication Network Defragmentation 1 Introduction 2 Problem Statement. Definitions 3 Properties and Proofs 4 Conclusion References User Interface Generated Distraction Study Based on Accented Visualization Approach 1 Introduction 2 State of the Art 3 Accented Visualization Model 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Information Security Enhancements of the University’s Automated Information System 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References A Review of Theories Utilized in Understanding Online Information Privacy Perceptions 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Reviewing Theories 4 Challenges and Open Issues in Online Information Privacy 5 Study Limitations and Future Implications 6 Conclusion References Application of the Method of Planning Projects in Smart Cities 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References The Concept of a Decision Support System in the Management of Treatment and Accompaniment of the Patient with Bronchopulmonary Diseases 1 Introduction 2 Problem Description and Problem Statement 3 Known Approaches to the Organization of Decision Support in Medicine 4 The Proposed Approach to the Development of DSS in the Treatment and Maintenance of a Patient with Bronchopulmonary Diseases 5 Setting the Task in Managing the Process of Treatment and Accompanying a Patient with Bronchopulmonary Diseases 6 Designing CDSS in the Management of Treatment and Accompaniment of the Patient with Bronchopulmonary Diseases 7 Implementation of the Proposed Approach to Decision Support in the Treatment and Accompaniment of Patients 8 Conclusion References Geometric Models of Pursuer Avoidance 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Circular Detection Area 2.2 Sector Detection Area 2.3 Angular Detection Area 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Human Posture Analysis in Working Capacity Monitoring of Critical Use Equipment Operators 1 Introduction 2 Analyzing the Individual's Skeleton Configuration 2.1 Proposed Method for Analyzing the Configuration of an Individual's Skeleton 2.2 Algorithm for Analyzing the Configuration of the Skeleton of an Individual 3 Practical Implementation of the Proposed Method 4 Conclusions and Future Work References Linear Complexity of New r-Ary Sequences of Length pnqm 1 Introduction 2 Preliminaries 2.1 Linear Complexity 2.2 Generalized Cyclotomic Classes 3 The Properties of Polynomial of Sequence 3.1 The Values of Subsidiary Polynomials 4 The Linear Complexity of Sequence 5 Conclusion References The Problem of Interpretation of Electronic Documents for Long-Term Keeping 1 Introduction 2 Brief Overview of the Problem of Interpretability 3 Statement of the Problem of Ensuring the Interpretability of Electronic Documents 4 Conclusion References Prediction of Natural Processes Using a Deep Neural Network Model 1 Introduction 2 Methodology and Methods of Research 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Technological Approaches to the Increased Accuracy Photoplethysmographic Measuring System Design 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Theoretical Provisions 4 Results 5 Conclusion References A Multi-criteria Method for the Synthesis of Regional and Interregional Tourism Routes 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Background 3 Methods 3.1 A Multi-criteria Method for the Synthesis of Tourism Routes 3.2 A Methodology for Clustering Tourist Profiles (Avatars) 4 Results 5 Conclusion References Influence of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Optical Fibers on the Design Features of a Fiber-Optic Bending-Type Tongue Pressure Sensor on the Palate 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Research Results 4 Conclusion References A Detailed Study on the 8 Queens Problem Based on Algorithmic Approaches Implemented in PASCAL Programming Language 1 Introduction 2 Algorithmic Approaches to Solve the Queens Problem 2.1 Backtracking Algorithm 2.2 Brute Force Method 2.3 A 2nd Improved Algorithm to Solve the 8-Queens Problem 3 Proposed Method 3.1 Method 3.2 Detailed Algorithm Analysis 3.3 Steps of the Algorithmic Process 3.4 Implementation of the Algorithm in the PASCAL Programming Language 4 Conclusions and Future Work References The Information Field as an Integral Model 1 Introduction 2 Research Methodology 3 Results of Research 3.1 The Information Field as a Reflection 3.2 Object of the Information Field as a Generalized Concept 3.3 Types of Information Field Objects 4 Conclusion References Method for Calculating Ionospheric Corrections in Satellite Radio Navigation Using Accumulated Data of Dual-Frequency Measurements 1 Ionospheric Delay 2 Method Description 3 Practical Implementation and Verification of Results 4 Software Structure 4.1 Checking for Code and Phase Discrepancies - The Function CheckoneCL(); 4.2 Check for L1-L2 Discrepancies–The Function CheckL1L2(); 4.3 Checking the Raw Measurements and Calculating the Ambiguity of the Phase Measurements-The Function CheckandCalcCDL(); 4.4 The Function for Calculating Ion-Free Pseudodistance CalcIONOL1L2(); 5 Conclusion References Information Management of Real Estate 1 Introduction 2 Some Particularities of Real Estate Management 3 The Content of Information Management 4 Particularities of Information Management of Real Estate 5 Levels of Information Management of Real Estate 6 Information Models in Real Estate Management 7 Conclusion References A Complex Method for Recognizing Car Numbers with Preliminary Hashing 1 Introduction 2 Pre-processing Using Hashing 3 Results of the Computational Experiment 4 Conclusion References Data Processing by Genetic and Pattern Search Algorithms 1 Introduction 2 Data Processing Algorithms and Methods 2.1 Genetic Algorithm 2.2 Pattern Search Algorithm 2.3 Reconstruction of the Most Probable Blurred Distribution Structure 3 Examples of the Reconstruction of Blurred Spectrum and Distribution Structures 4 Conclusion References A Method for Collecting and Consolidating Big Data on the Requirements of Employers for the Competencies of Specialists to Actualize Educational Programs and Resources 1 Introduction 2 Methods and Results 2.1 Method for Collecting, Consolidating and Formalizing Competency Descriptions 2.2 Method of Fuzzy Clustering of Competence Vectors 3 Conclusion References Simulation of a Neural Network Model Identification Algorithm 1 Introduction 2 Problem Statement 3 Simulation of the Neural Discrimination Algorithm 4 Conclusion References The Narrow-Band Radio Signal Reception Features in the Case of the Unknown Initial Phase 1 Introduction 2 Signal and Noise Models 3 The Optimal Receiver Output Signal 4 The Sufficient Statistic Distribution 5 The Modified Decision Determining Statistics 6 Characteristics of Detection and Discrimination 7 Conclusion References Asymptotic Exact Formulas for Characteristics of the Joint Maximum Likelihood Estimates Under a Partial and Complete Violation of the Regularity Conditions of the Decision Determining Statistics 1 Introduction 2 The Characteristics of the Joint Estimates of the Regular Signal Parameters 2.1 The Maximum Likelihood Estimates of the Signal Parameters and the Local Representations of the Moments of Decision Determining Statistics 2.2 The Application of the Small Parameter Method for the Calculation of the Characteristics of the Regular Parameter Joint Estimates 3 The Characteristics of the Joint Estimates of the Discontinuous Signal Parameters at an Additive-Multiplicative Representation of the Moments of the Decision Determining Statistics 3.1 The Local Representations of the Moments of the Decision Determining Statistics When Estimating Discontinuous Parameters 3.2 The Application of the Local Additive Approximation Method for Calculating the Characteristics of the Joint Estimates of the Discontinuous Parameters 4 The Characteristics of the Joint Estimates of the Discontinuous and Regular Parameters 4.1 The Maximum Likelihood Estimates and the Local Representations of the Moments of the Decision Determining Statistics 4.2 The Characteristics of the Joint Estimates of the Discontinuous Signal Parameters When the Regular Parameters Are Unknown 4.3 The Characteristics of the Joint Estimates of the Regular Signal Parameters in the Presence of the Unknown Discontinuous Parameters 5 Conclusion References Geometric Modeling of the Surface 1 Introduction 2 3-D Modeling a Complex Shape Surface 3 The Influence of Stresses on the Change in the Curvature of a Contiguous Paraboloid 4 Cuboid and Cubic Matrix 5 Setting up a Holographic Control (UGC) 6 Conclusion References Implementation of Distributed Simulation in the MTSS System 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results 4 Conclusion References Development of Simulation Models of Cloud Computing Infrastructures with Automatic Scaling Based on Thresholds 1 Introduction 2 A Brief Overview of Specialized Cloud Infrastructure Simulation Systems 3 Threshold-Based Scale 4 Scaling Scenarios 5 Conclusion References Application of Combinatorics to Calculate the Number of Cases of the Monotonic Stability in All Variables in a Discrete Dynamical System 1 Introduction 2 Method for Investigating Monotonic Simultaneous Stability in a System of Discrete Recurrent Equations 3 Numerical Results 4 Conclusion References Application of a Multi-factor Approach in Machine Learning Algorithms for Post Process Mining Analysis and Problem Detection in Bank 1 Introduction 2 Application Addition Metrics 3 Conclusion References Application of Virtual Reality in Education 1 Introduction 2 Developing Virtual Reality 3 Conclusion References A 3D Visualization of Zlín in the Eighteen–Nineties Using Virtual Reality 1 Introduction 2 Previous Works 3 Used Hardware and Software 3.1 Hardware Used 3.2 Software Used 4 Creation of the VR Application 4.1 First Build 4.2 Application Modifications 5 Modifying Models and 3D Scene 5.1 Partial Models 5.2 Landscape and World 6 Results 7 Conclusion References Machine Learning Methods and Models for Recognizing Lung Inhomogeneity from Computed Tomography Scans 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Problem Statement 4 Proposed Solution 5 Realization 5.1 Loading a CT Scan 5.2 Preprocessing 5.3 Augmentation 5.4 Neural Network 5.5 Model Training 5.6 Model Evaluation 5.7 Report Generation 6 Results 7 Discussions 8 Conclusion References Formation of Professional Readiness of the Future Teacher for Pedagogical Activities in the Context of Digitalization of Education 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology and Methods 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Statistical Study of Factors Affecting the Risk of Lending by Microfinance Institutions 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Methods 4 Problem Statement 5 Results 6 Discussion 7 Conclusion References Readiness for Asset Tracking Systems in Public Schools from Disadvantaged Areas in Gauteng, South Africa 1 Introduction and Background Information 2 Research Question(s), Aim, and Objectives 3 Related Work 4 Research Methodology 5 Results 6 Limitations and Future Studies 7 Conclusion References Digitization of University Diplomas in the European Union 1 Introduction 2 The European Blockchain Services Infrastructure (EBSI) 2.1 EBSI Potential Market 2.2 EBSI Use Cases 2.3 Diploma Use Case 2.4 Conformant Wallets 2.5 University Involvement 3 EU Grants 4 Conclusions References Numerical Simulation of Quadrupole Induced Optical Transverse Anti-trapping Effect in Gaussian Beam 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results 4 Discussions 5 Conclusion References Existence of the Hybrid Anapole for Si Conical Nanoparticles 1 Introduction 2 Non-scattering Regime in Cone Silicon Particles 3 Conclusion References Analytical Model of Reflection of the Individual Multipoles Fields from a Flat Substrate 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results 4 Discussions 5 Conclusion References Proposal of a Multi-display System for Embedded Applications 1 Introduction 2 Universal Multi Display Graphics Library Design 2.1 UMD Library Application Programming Interface Design 3 UMD Library Implementation in Embedded Applications 3.1 Multi-display Environment 3.2 Graphical/Measurement Components 4 Conclusions References Web-Based Serious Game for Improving Problem-Solving Skills Through Introductory Computer Programming 1 Introduction – Theoretical Overview of Serious Games 2 Frameworks for Designing a Serious Game 3 Design and Description of the Proposed Solution 3.1 Background 3.2 Project Requirements. Choice of Programming Language and Environment 3.3 Logical Model. UML Diagrams 3.4 Project Architecture 4 Conclusion References Analyzing Air Pollution in China, Ecuador, and the United States by Means of GH and HJ Biplots 1 Introduction 1.1 Contribution and Related Work 2 Methodology 2.1 Data Acquisition 2.2 Biplot Methods 2.3 Techniques for Determining the Optimal Number of Clusters 2.4 Biplots 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Determining the Optimal Number of Clusters 3.2 China Biplot Results 3.3 USA Biplot Results 3.4 Ecuador Biplot Results 4 Conclusions A Elbow Method B Silhoutte Method C GH - Hierarchical Clustering D HJ - Hierarchical Clustering E Biplots Python Repository References Distinguishing Characteristics of Digital Format for Students of New Generation 1 Introduction 2 Method 3 Discussion 4 Conclusions References Transfer of Liquid Measurement Technologies: Analysis Through Patent Data 1 Introduction 2 Discussion 3 Processing 3.1 Development of the Research Domain Model 3.2 Dynamics of Patent Activity in the Field of Liquid Level Meters 3.3 Key Features of the Liquid Measurement Technologies 4 Conclusion References Special Controller Design for Implementation the Desired Motion of the Moving Object 1 Introduction 2 Mathematical Problem and Solution Methods 3 Example 4 Conclusion References CrossQuake: A Cross-Correlation Code for Detecting Small Earthquakes in the Frequency Domain 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Identification of Candidate Events 2.2 Extraction of Candidate Events 2.3 Previous Location 2.4 Relocation 2.5 Coda Magnitude Computation 3 Results 4 Discussion References Remote Sensing of the Earth in Precision Agriculture. Tasks and Methods 1 Introduction 2 Monitoring the State of Agricultural Land 2.1 Assessment of Non-quantitative Conditions of Fields and Crops 2.2 Assessment of Quantitative Parameters of the State of Crops and Soil Environment 3 Management of Agricultural Technologies in Precision Farming 3.1 Organizational Management of Agricultural Technologies 3.2 Technological Management of Agricultural Technologies 4 Conclusion 4.1 Assessment of Non-quantitative Conditions of Fields and Crops 4.2 Assessment of Quantitative Parameters of the State of Crops and Soil Environment 4.3 Organizational Management of Agricultural Technologies 4.4 Technological Management of Agricultural Technologies 4.5 General Conclusion References On the Naming of Database Objects in the SQL Databases of Some Existing Software 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 The Method 4 Analysis Results 4.1 General 4.2 Candidate Keys 4.3 Foreign Keys and Relationships 4.4 Tables, Views, and Columns 4.5 Routines and Parameters 4.6 Discrepancies Between Column Names and Properties 5 Discussion 5.1 Weaknesses of the Research 6 Conclusion References Entropy and Uncertainty in the Study of Electroencephalograms 1 Introduction 2 Why Can’t Biosystems Be the Object of Modern DSN Science? 3 Can Entropy Describe Systems of the Third Type? 4 New Models of Chaos-Self-organization Theory (TCS) 5 Discussion 6 Conclusions References Possibilities of Generating Dynamic Chaos by Biosystems 1 Introduction 2 Basic Criteria of Lorentz’s Dynamic Chaos 3 Checking on Dynamic Chaos Parameters of Cardiointervals 4 Behavior of Autocorrelation Functions for RR-Intervals 5 Discussion 6 Conclusions References Synthesis of an Adaptive Algorithm for Estimating Spectrozonal Video Information of Images Based on the Expansion Principle 1 Introduction 2 Image Model 3 Conclusion References Systematic Review on Bisonets for Linking Two Domains 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion and Future Work References A Multicriteria Model Applied to Customer Service in an E-Commerce Startup 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 3 Multicriteria Methodology 4 Presentation and Analysis of Research Data 5 Results Analysis 6 Conclusion References Towards a Search and Navigation Platform for Making Library Websites Accessible to Blind and Visually Impaired People 1 Introduction 2 Survey of the Literature 2.1 Making Accessible Library Websites 2.2 Web Search Engines as Navigational Assistants 3 Discussion and Analysis 3.1 Developing a Focused Web Search Engine 3.2 Navigational Assistant for BVI Users 4 Conclusions References A Web Application for Moving from One Spot to Another by Using Different Transport—A Scenario of the Research 1 Functional Architecture 2 Scenario of the Research 3 Conclusion References Web Implementation for Sharing Personalized E-Learning Content through a Virtualization System 1 Introduction 2 Description of Hardware Infrastructure in FMI Used for Obtaining Sharing Personalized E-Learning Content through a Virtualization System 3 Functional Requirements for Web Application for Sharing E-Learning Content Through a Virtualization System in VTU 4 Architecture of the Web Application for Sharing Personalized E-Learning Content Through a Virtualization 4.1 Management of User Registrations and Access to the System 4.2 Management of Publication, Categorization of Course Units. Creation of Personalized Learning Content Separately for Each Learning Styles and Sharing the Received Different Formats of One and a Same Course Unit in Different VM 5 System Implementation of the Proposed Virtualization System and Web Application 6 Future Work and Conclusions References Controlling the Equipment State Throughout the Industrial Life Cycle of the Product Using Digital Twin 1 Introduction 2 About a Formal Statement of the Problem of Organizing Information Exchange in System «Innovative Product – Digital Twin» 3 Control System for the Composition of Equipment and Its Characteristics of the Digital Twin 4 Conclusion References Development of a Fuzzy Set Method for Assessing the Feasibility of Projects of Creating Information - Management Systems Under Conditions of Fuzzy Primary Data 1 Introduction 2 Statement of the Problem 3 Conclusion References The Success of UWC Library Information System from a Students’ Perspective 1 Introduction 2 Research Question and Objective 3 Literature Review 3.1 The Impact of Information Systems 3.2 The Benefits and Challenges of an Information Systems 3.3 The Definition of Information System Success 3.4 Overview of Information System Success 3.5 Review of Other Information System Success Models 4 Theoretical or Conceptual Framework 4.1 DeLone and McLean Information System Success Model 4.2 The Factors Used to Measure Success of an Information System 5 Research Design and Methodology 5.1 Research Design 5.2 Unit of Analysis 5.3 Design of the Research Instrument 5.4 Data Sources, Sampling Strategies and Techniques 5.5 Data Collection Techniques (Research Methods) 5.6 Data Analysis 6 Research Result and Discussion 6.1 Demographic Analysis 6.2 Descriptive Analysis 7 Limitations 8 Conclusion References Spider Colony Optimization Algorithm: Bio-Heuristic for Global Optimization Problem 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Biological Model of Social Spiders 2.2 Biological Model of Social Spiders 2.3 Spider Colony Algorithm (SCA) 3 Results 4 Conclusion References Locust Swarm Optimization Algorithm: A Bio-Heuristic for Global Optimization Problem 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Methods 4 Results 5 Conclusion References On the Reflected Waves Contribution into the Robustness of Microseismic Events Location 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion and Conclusions References Investigation of Transient Luminous Events Using Spectrophotometer Data 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods of Research 3 The Results of the Study of Optical Phenomena Recorded on the Experimental Module JEM-GLIMS 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Upper Bounds on Graph Diameter Based on Laplacian Eigenvalues for Stopping Distributed Flooding Algorithm 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Insight into Topic 2.1 Mathematical Model of WSNs 2.2 Distributed Flooding Algorithm in Synchronous Mode 2.3 Upper Bounds on Graph Diameter Based on Laplacian Eigenvalues 3 Applied Research Methodology 4 Experiments and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Assessment of Risks of Negative Ecological Impacts on the Environment During Operation of Gas Wells 1 Introduction 2 Methodology for Risk Assessment at Gas Production Wells 3 Conclusion References Portable Device for Soil Respiration Estimation 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Physical Principles of Measuring the Concentration of Carbon Dioxide. 2.2 Physical and Mathematical Basis of the Project 3 Results 3.1 System Block Diagram 3.2 Hardware 3.3 Some Features of the Design of the Device 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References New Validation of Radar and Satellite Precipitation Estimates Against Rain Gauge Records in Slovakia with the Application of Blurring 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Methodology 3.1 Precipitation Data Used 3.2 Study Area 3.3 Evaluation Metrics 4 Image Pixel Blurring 5 Results and Discussion 6 Conclusion References Automation of Data Processing for Patient Monitoring in the Smart Ward Environment 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results 3.1 Architectural Solution 3.2 Data Model 3.3 Implementation 3.4 Evaluation 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Finite Element Calculation of the Limiting Pressure for Rupture of Capsules with an Active Substance in the Crack Detection System of Gas Turbine Blades 1 Introduction 2 Research Methodology 3 Research Results 4 Discussion and Conclusion References DIZU-EVG – An Instrument for Visualization of Data from Educational Video Games 1 Introduction 2 Extended Functionalities of the DIZU-EVG Instrument 3 Proposed Functional Models of the DIZU-EVG Instrument 3.1 Generalized Functional Model 3.2 Detailed Functional Model of the DIZU-EVG Instrument 4 Conclusion and Future Work References Hybrid Machine Learning Technique for Crop Health Monitoring and IoT Based Disease Detection Using Optimal Feature Selection and Classification 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Problem Methodology and System Architecture 3.1 Research Gap 3.2 System Model of Proposed IoT-CDD Technique 4 IoT Based Disease Detection Technique for Crop Health Monitoring Using Hybrid Machine Learning Techniques (IOT-CDD) 4.1 Segmentation Using Modified Elephant Herding Optimization Algorithm 4.2 Optimal Feature Selection Using Multipoint Gorilla Optimization 4.3 Moth Flame Induced Capsule Neural Network (MF-CNN) 5 Results and Discussion 5.1 Dataset Descriptions 5.2 Comparative Analysis of Proposed and Existing Techniques 6 Conclusion References Development of Data Storage and User Interface in the Clinical Decision Support System 1 Introduction 2 Problem Definition 3 Proposed Solution 4 Conclusion References Quality in Use Evaluation Model Based on ISO/IEC 25022 for Human Talent Management Information Systems 1 Introduction 1.1 Literature Review 2 Methodological Process 2.1 Cycle for the Design of an Engineering Model 3 Results 3.1 Engineering Proposal 3.2 Application of the Model 4 Conclusions References Software Cost Estimation Using Neural Networks 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Software Cost Estimation (SCE) 3.1 Taxonomies 3.2 Challenges of Existing Methods 4 Data Sources 4.1 Most Common 4.2 EDA Data Sources 5 Neural Network Implementation 5.1 Evolution 5.2 Advantages 6 Evaluation Metrics 6.1 MRE (Magnitude of Relative Error) 6.2 MMRE (Mean Magnitude of Relative Error) 6.3 MSE (Mean Squared Error) 6.4 RMSE (Root Mean Squared Error) 6.5 MdMRE (Median Magnitude of Relative Error) 6.6 PRED (Prediction Accuracy) 6.7 MAE (Mean Absolute Error) 7 Methodologies 7.1 Genetic Elephant Herding Optimization (GEHO) Based Neuro-Fuzzy Network (GEHO-Based NFN) 7.2 Optimized Learning-Based Cost Estimation (OLCE) 7.3 ANN with NEAT Optimization (Artificial Neural Network with Neuro-Evolution of Augmenting Topology) 8 Gap in Knowledge 8.1 Future Proposal 9 Conclusion References Structural Components of Intellectual Assets of the Territory 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Author Index