Water Conservancy and Civil Construction SET: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Hydraulic, Civil and Construction Engineering (HCCE 2022), Harbin, China, 16-18 December 2022

Description

Water Conservancy and Civil Construction gathers the most cutting-edge research on: Water Conservancy Projects Civil Engineering Construction Technology and Process The book is aimed at academics and engineers in water and civil engineering. Cover Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents Preface Committee Members Mechanical equipment and hydraulic engineering management Viscoelastic mechanics and fatigue performance of recycled asphaltmixture with steel slag 1 Introduction 2 Raw Materials and Test Plan 2.1 Raw materials 2.2 Test plans 2.2.1 Study on viscoelastic mechanical properties 2.2.2 Study on fatigue performance of mixture with different RAP content 2.2.3 Study on fatigue performance of mixtures at different temperatures 3 Results Analysis 3.1 Viscoelastic mechanical properties 3.2 Fatigue performance of mixtures with different RAP contents 3.3 Fatigue properties of mixtures at different temperatures 4 Conclusions References Local optimization of the cabin air duct of the Ro-Ro ship based on CFD technology 1 General Instructions 2 Numerical Simulation of Air Duct Ventilation 2.1 Mesh model establishment 2.2 Input criteria determination and calculation model selection 2.3 Analysis of simulation results 3 Theoretical Analysis of Air Duct Ventilation 3.1 Frictional pressure drop analysis 3.2 Gravity pressure drop analysis 3.3 Accelerated pressure drop analysis 3.4 Shape resistance pressure drop analysis 4 Duct Structure Optimization 5 Comparative Analysis of Simulation Results Before and After Optimization 6 Conclusion References Collaborative optimization design of a storage and transportation launch box structure 1 General Introductions 2 Optimal Design Model Establishment 2.1 Optimize the design model construction process 2.2 Multidisciplinary collaborative optimization design method 2.3 Construction of multi-working conditions optimization model 2.4 Establishment of finite element model 2.5 Parameter sensitivity analysis 2.6 Approximate model and error analysis 3 Optimization Results and Analysis 4 Conclusion References Water content and stability of cliff landslide under different rainfall intensity 1 Introduction 2 Development Characteristics of Cliff Landslide 2.1 Tectonic movement of cliff landslide 2.2 Slope characteristics of cliff landslide 3 Analysis of Water Content Change and Stability of Landslide 3.1 Analysis of water content change 3.1.1 Analysis of water content monitoring data 3.1.2 Functional equation of water content 3.2 Analysis of the landslide stability 3.3 Stability analysis of the landslide under different rainfall conditions 4 Conclusions References Effect of water deficit on potato yield and quality 1 Introduction 2 Overview of Potato Water Deficit Research 3 Effect of Water Deficit on Potato Yield 3.1 Seedling period 3.2 Tuber formation period 3.3 Tuber expansion period 3.4 Starch accumulation period 3.5 Full fertility period 4 Effect of Water Deficit on Potato Quality 4.1 Appearance quality 4.2 Nutritional quality 4.3 Processing quality 5 Conclusion References The effects of water and nitrogen regulation on potato growth, development, and yield 1 Introduction 2 Effects of Water and Nitrogen Regulation on N Fertilizer Use Efficiency in Potatoes 3 Effects of Water and Nitrogen Regulation on N Fertilizer Use Efficiency on Potato Growth and Development and Photosynthesis 3.1 Effects on potato growth 3.2 Effects on the photosynthetic properties of potatoes 3.3 Effects of chlorophyll on potatoes 3.4 Effects on the leaf area index of potatoes 4 Effects of Water and Nitrogen Regulation on Nutrient Uptake and Utilization in Potatoes 5 Effects of Water and Nitrogen Regulation on Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution in Potatoes 6 Effects of Water and Nitrogen Regulation on Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution in Potatoes 7 Conclusions References Influence of joint location and temperature on the stability of tunnel surrounding rock 1 Introduction 2 Project Profile 3 Field Test 3.1 Field test plan 3.2 Analysis of measured results 4 Numerical Simulation Analysis 4.1 Principle of heat-force coupling 4.2 Computational model 4.3 Material parameters and boundary conditions 4.4 Working condition of calculation 5 Analysis of the Influence of Tunnel Surroundings on Rock Stability 5.1 Effects of joint position on the stability of tunnel surrounding rock 5.2 Effects of temperature on stability of tunnel surrounding rock 5.3 Effects of joint location and temperature coupling on the stability of tunnel surrounding rock 6 Conclusions References Effects of water and nitrogen coupling on yield, water, and fertilizer utilization rate and quality of potato 1 Introduction 2 Effect of Water and Nitrogen Coupling on Potato Tuber Yield 3 Effects of Water and Nitrogen Coupling on Water and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Potato 4 Effect of Water and Nitrogen Coupling on Potato Quality 5 Conclusion References Regulated deficit irrigation increasing water productivity of potato 1 Introduction 2 Basic Principles and Methods of Regulated Deficit Irrigation 3 Water-Saving Mechanism of Regulated Deficit Irrigation and the Research on the Growth Index, Yield, Tube Quality and Soil Environment of Potatoes 3.1 Growth and photosynthesis 3.2 Yield, water use efficiency, and potato tube quality 3.3 Soil quality attributes and nutrient utilization 4 Problems and Prospects References Effects of water and nitrogen regulation on physiological growth, yield, and quality of potato 1 Introduction 2 Research Progress 2.1 Research on the physiological effects of water and nitrogen regulation on potato growth 2.2 Study on the potato yield and quality effects of water and nitrogen regulation 2.3 Effect of water nitrogen regulation on water nitrogen utilization efficiency in potatoes 2.4 Study of water and nitrogen transport mechanisms under ater and nitrogen regulation in potatoes 3 Conclusion References Application of blockchain in the quality control of concrete production in hydraulic engineering 1 Introduction 2 Concrete Production Quality Control Points 2.1 Concrete raw material testing 2.2 Finished concrete quality testing 3 Blockchain Structure 3.1 Encryption algorithm 3.2 Merkle tree (aggregation structure of related statements) 3.3 Consensus structure (cochain and storage) 3.4 Integrity verification, traceability 4 Application of Blockchain in Huangjinxia Water Control Project 4.1 Engineering background 4.2 System completion 5 Conclusions References Response of potato growth, yield and quality to water deficit: A review 1 Introduction 2 Status of RDI Mechanism Research 3 Research Progress of Potato Subjected to RDI 4 Perspectives and Problems 5 Conclusion References The relationship between runoff and sediment load in the Malian river basin of Longdong loess plateau in Gansu, China 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Study area 2.2 Data sources analysis 2.3 Analysis methods 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Temporal and spatial variation of runoff and sediment load 3.2 Trend analysis of runoff and sediment load 3.3 Impacts of human activities on runoff and sediment load 4 Conclusion References Research progress on the effect of agronomic measures on water saving on potato quality 1 Introduction 2 Quality Connotation and Application of Potato 3 Effect of Agronomic Measures for Water Saving on Potato Quality 3.1 Water-saving irrigation methods 3.2 Agricultural mulching technology for moisture conservation 3.3 Optimizing the irrigation system 4 Conclusion References Research progress on coupling effect of water and nitrogen in potatoes 1 Introduction 2 Effects of Coupling of Water and Nitrogen on Potato Physiological Characteristics 3 Effects of Coupling of Water and Nitrogen on Potato Growth and Yield 4 Effect of Coupling of Water and Nitrogen on Potato Quality 5 Effects of Coupling of Water and Nitrogen on the Soil Physicochemical Properties 6 Conclusion and Prospect References Effects of regulated deficit irrigation on potato tuber quality 1 Instruction 1.1 Basic overview of potato 1.2 Proposition and application of regulated deficit irrigation 2 Quality Factors of Potato Tubers 2.1 Potato skewer rate 2.2 Dry matter content of potato tubers 2.3 Potato tuber starch content 2.4 Protein content of potato tubers 2.5 Reducing the sugar content of potato tubers 3 Conclusions References Research progress on potato quality improvement and efficiency enhancement under water stress 1 Introduction 2 Impacts of Water Stress on Potato Growth, Physiological Characteristics, Yield, Wue, and Tuber Quality 2.1 Growth 2.2 Physiological characteristics 2.3 Yield 2.4 Water use efficiency 2.5 Tuber quality 3 Conclusion References Advances in research on deficient irrigation of potatoes 1 Introduction 2 Growth and Development 3 Photosynthesis Characteristics 4 Water Use Efficiency 5 Yield and Quality 6 Existing Problems and Solutions 7 Conclusion References Analysis of water diversion and water quality improvement based on a two-dimensional mathematical model 1 Introduction 2 Two-Dimensional Mathematical Model of River and Lake Hydrodynamic Environment 2.1 Basic theory 2.2 Definite conditions 3 Sanhui Nanjiang Gate Separate Water Diversion Scheme 3.1 Calculating boundary conditions 3.2 Water diversion line 1 3.3 Water diversion line 2 3.3 Water diversion line 2 3.3 Water diversion line 2 3.3 Water diversion line 2 3.3 Water diversion line 2 3.3 Water diversion line 2 3.3 Water diversion line 2 3.3 Water diversion line 2 3.3 Water diversion line 2 3.3 Water diversion line 2 3.3 Water diversion line 2 3.3 Water diversion line 2 3.3 Water diversion line 2 3.3 Water diversion line 2 3.3 Water diversion line 2 4 Conclusion References Response of potato water consumption characteristics to water deficit under film-mulched drip irrigation 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Design 3 Results and Analysis 3.1 Water consumption characteristics of potatoes at different stages 3.2 Water consumption intensity of potatoes at different stages 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References A comprehensive evaluation of water quality of typical reservoirs in the Yellow River diversion plain 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Study area 2.2 Processing of data 2.3 Method of evaluation 3 Results and discussion 3.1 Single factor index method evaluation 3.2 Comprehensive pollution index method evaluation 3.3 Evaluation by Nemerov pollution index method 3.4 Evaluation results of principal component analysis 3.5 Comparison of evaluation results 4 Conclusion References Deformation analysis of deep foundation pit in water-rich soft stratum of Foshan 1 Introduction 2 Project Overview 2.1 Overview of foundation pit engineering 2.2 Parameters of supporting structure 2.3 Engineering geological conditions 3 Finite Element Model 3.1 Establishment of finite element model 3.2 Material parameters 3.3 Construction simulation steps 4 Analysis of Numerical Calculation Results 4.1 Model validation 4.2 Analysis of ground surface settlement outside the wall 4.3 Deformation analysis of underground diaphragm wall 5 Conclusions References Review of study on the effects of regulated deficit irrigation on potato yield, quality, and water use efficiency 1 Introduction 2 Overview of Regulated Deficit Irrigation 3 Yield 4 Water Use Efficiency 5 Quality 6 Conclusion Acknowledgments References Research progress on the effects of water-saving irrigation techniques and patterns on potato quality 1 Introduction 2 Research Progress of Irrigation Amount on Potato Quality 3 Effect of Water-Saving Irrigation Technology on Potato Quality 3.1 Regulated deficit irrigation technology 3.2 Controlled roots-divided alternative irrigation technology 4 Effect of Water-Saving Irrigation Mode on Potato Quality 4.1 Plastic film mulching 4.2 Drip irrigation under the membrane 5 Conclusion and Prospect References Design and application of water affairs early warning and collaborative disposal center system based on cloud architecture 1 Introduction 2 System Design and Implementation 2.1 Demand analysis 2.2 Early warning scheme design for water-related business 2.2.1 Classification of water-related early warning events 2.2.2 Early warning process design for water-related events 2.3 System architecture development 2.3.1 System overall architecture design 2.3.2 System development and deployment 2.4 Design of main functional modules of the system 2.5 Application practical of the system 3 Conclusions and Suggestions References Research progress on the effects of water and nitrogen coupling on potato yield and quality 1 Introduction 2 Effect of Water and Nitrogen Coupling on Potato Yield 3 Effect of Water and Nitrogen Coupling on Potato Quality 4 Effects of Water and Nitrogen Coupling on Water and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Potato 5 Conclusion References Characteristics of water quality changes in the Purdue River basin and the verification of the Kuznets curve from 2017–2021 1 Introduction 2 Research Area &x00026; Method 2.1 Research area 2.2 Method 3 Results &x00026; Discussion 3.1 Basin 2021 overall analysis 3.2 Water quality changes in the past 5 years 4 Conclusion References Optimization of Quay bridge scheduling of iron-water intermodal container terminal considering the time cost of unloading operation 1 Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 Research status 2 Model Building 2.1 Problem description 2.2 Description of the nature of shore bridge operations 2.3 Parameter description 2.4 Mathematical model 3 Algorithm Implementation 3.1 Algorithmic framework 3.2 Adaptation function 3.3 Lower bound 4 Example Verification 5 Conclusions 5.1 Analysis of the results 5.2 Summary and outlook References Variation of strength of cement-soil mixing column with depth in dredger fill site 1 Introduction 2 General Situation of the Project 2.1 Site location and stratigraphic structure 2.2 Soil analysis 3 Test Results 3.1 Laboratory test 3.2 Field column test coring 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion and Prospect References Optimization of rail-sea intermodal train organization scheme based on the new western land-sea corridor 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Modeling Work 3.1 Analysis of operating mode 3.2 Model establishment 4 Numerical Experiments 5 Conclusions References Saturated axisymmetric multilayered elastic system excess pore water pressure in asphalt pavement 1 Introduction 2 Solution of Biot Consolidation and the Flow Continuity Equation 3 Boundary Conditions and Interlayer Contact Conditions 4 The Solution of the Coefficient of Any Layer 5 The Solution of Layer 1 Coefficient 6 Calculation Case 7 Conclusion References Study on alignment design of secondary highway in southeast humid and hot area: A case study from Xianshuitang village to Kengweitou village 1 Introduction 2 Geological Survey of Highway 3 Route Design 3.1 Planar linear design 3.2 Longitudinal section linear design 4 Conclusion References Cross-Section design of ultra-long underwater high-voltage cable tunnel by &x0201C;double diamond model&x0201D; 1 Introduction 2 Problem Discovery: Ultra-Long Cable Tunnel Investigation 2.1 220 KV trans-river cable duct in Shanghai, Chongming, Jiangsu over Yangtze River tunnel 2.2 The Sutong GIL pipeline corridor project (special purpose, underwater) 2.3 The expo cable tunnel (special purpose, including ground and underwater parts) 2.4 Summarization of common problems of the cable tunnel 3 Problem Definition: Analysis of Key Problems of The Ultra-Long Underwater High-Voltage Cable Tunnel 3.1 The ultra-long closed section 3.2 Multi-loop high-voltage cables 3.3 Key problems 3.3.1 We should speed up the fault repair function and ensure the stability of the power grid operation 3.3.2 We should optimize ventilation and fire protection design and ensure the safety of personnel evacuation 3.3.3 Scientific planning to realize engineering economy in the whole life cycle of the project 4 Solution Conception: Key Points Of Section Design For The Ultra-Long Underwater High-Voltage Cable Tunnel 4.1 Independence of cable arrangement 4.2 Disaster prevention design 4.3 Layout of ventilation and smoke exhaust duct 4.4 Tunnel synchronous construction technology 5 Delivery Scheme: Section Layout For The Ultra-Long Underwater High-Voltage Cable Tunnel 6 Conclusion References The genesis of ultra-deep overburden in the Qiaojia reach 1 Introduction 2 Geological Background of the Study Area 2.1 Overview of the study area 2.2 Regional structural characteristics 3 Structural Characteristics of the Qiaojia Reach 3.1 Reach perimeter 3.2 Boundary fracture characteristics 4 Characteristics of Filling Sequence in the Qiaojiahe Reach 4.1 General characteristics of the deposits in the reach 4.2 Internal characteristics of the reach 5 The Fault Depression Rate and Evolution Process of the Qiaojiahe Reach 5.1 The fault depression rate of the reach 5.2 Evolution of the reach 6 The Fault Depression Rate and Evolution Process of the Qiaojiahe Reach References Characteristics of PH, turbidity, and nitrogen transport of shallow groundwater in river banks under rainfall 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Sample collection 2.2 Sample determination 3 Results &x00026; Discussion 4 Conclusions Acknowledgment References Material control and structural repair and reinforcement Overall dynamic analysis of FPSO ballast water pipeline support considering support function 1 Introduction 2 Model Establishment 2.1 Numerical model 2.2 Pipeline system model 3 Modal Analysis of Pipeline System 4 Harmonic Response Analysis of Pipeline System 5 Conclusions References A temporary consolidation measure for continuous beam with cantilevers based on BIM 1 Introduction 2 Overview of Engineering Example 3 Principle of Construction Technology 4 Finite Element Simulation Analysis 4.1 Modeling 4.1.1 Establishment of the major structural model 4.1.2 Establishment of an embedded part model 4.2 Comparison and selection of technical measures 4.2.1 Pier top consolidation + floor steel pipe supports 4.2.2 Pier top consolidation + additional strip foundation for floor steel pipe supports 4.2.3 Pier top consolidation + bracket construction 4.2.4 Analysis of calculated working conditions 4.3 Collision detection 4.4 Construction simulation 5 Construction Quality Assurance Measures and Benefit Analysis 5.1 Overall requirements 5.2 Quality assurance measures for embedded parts and reserved holes 5.3 Quality assurance measures for reinforced concrete structures 5.4 Quality assurance measures for steel structure 5.5 Benefit analysis 6 Conclusion References An experimental study on strength parameters of unsaturated subgrade backfilled loess 1 Introduction 2 Overview of the Experiments 2.1 Testing soil specimens 2.2 Test scheme and method 3 Analysis of Direct Shear Test Results 3.1 Shear strength parameters from direct shear test 3.2 Influence of different water content on shear strength 3.3 Stress-strain relationship and failure characteristics from triaxial test 3.4 Subsection heading 4 Conclusions References Integral fabrication and hoisting technology of curved continuous steel box girder 1 Introduction 2 Engineering Background 3 Structural Forms of Bridges 4 Board Element Division 4 Board Element Division 4 Board Element Division 4 Board Element Division 4 Board Element Division 4 Board Element Division 4 Board Element Division 4 Board Element Division 4 Board Element Division 4 Board Element Division 4 Board Element Division 5 Section Division of Steel Box Girder 6 Integral Assembling Method of Steel Box Girder 7 Section Lifting Plan of Steel Box Girder 8 Analysis of Lifting Capacity and Safety of Steel Box Girder 9 Conclusions References Study on the failure mode of beam-plate structures of steel protective doors under different welding conditions 1 Introduction 2 Testing Schemes 2.1 Specimen design 2.2 Sensor arrangement 2.3 Loading solutions 3 Test Results 3.1 Experimental observation 3.2 Analysis of the force-displacement curves 3.3 Force-strain curve analysis 4 Fitting Analysis 5 Conclusions References High-strength lightweight concrete preferred mix design 1 Introduction 2 Mix Proportion Design of High-Strength Lightweight Concrete 2.1 Concrete raw materials and specifications 2.2 Mix proportion test design 3 Test Result 3.1 Strength test results 3.2 Monitoring data 4 Conclusions References Experimental study on ultrasonic properties of compressed concrete 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Basis of CWI 3 Experimental Study 3.1 Specimen preparation 3.2 Test equipment 3.3 Experimental method 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusions Funding References Test method for bearing characteristics of deep rock mass based on force transfer pile foundation 1 Introduction 2 Project Overview 3 Test Scheme 3.1 Test principle 3.2 Content detected 3.3 Loading scheme 3.4 The characteristic value of bearing capacity 3.5 Construction technology of pile foundations by force transfer 4 Test Results 4.1 Load sharing and pile end stress analysis 4.2 Analysis of foundation bearing capacity 5 Conclusions References Stress analysis and reinforcement design of bottom orifice of Baihetan arch dam 1 Research Background 2 Calculation Model and Scheme 2.1 Engineering situation 2.2 Grid model 2.3 Working conditions and material parameters 3 Stress Result and Cause Analysis 3.1 Calculation 3.2 Analysis of tensile stress along the river of the orifice 4 Reinforcement Design and Nonlinear Analysis 4 Reinforcement Design and Nonlinear Analysis 4 Reinforcement Design and Nonlinear Analysis 4 Reinforcement Design and Nonlinear Analysis 4 Reinforcement Design and Nonlinear Analysis 4 Reinforcement Design and Nonlinear Analysis 4 Reinforcement Design and Nonlinear Analysis 4 Reinforcement Design and Nonlinear Analysis 4 Reinforcement Design and Nonlinear Analysis 4 Reinforcement Design and Nonlinear Analysis 4 Reinforcement Design and Nonlinear Analysis 4.1 Orifice reinforcement design 4.2 Nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete 4.2 Nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete 4.2 Nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete 4.2 Nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete 4.2 Nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete 4.2 Nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete 4.2 Nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete 4.2 Nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete 4.2 Nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete 4.2 Nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete 4.2 Nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete 4.2 Nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete 4.2 Nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete 4.2 Nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete 4.2 Nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete 4.2 Nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete 5 Conclusion References Numerical simulation research of compressive and flexural mechanical properties of CFRP-strengthened reinforced concrete 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Progress and application of CFRP-strengthened reinforced concrete beams 2.2 ABAQUS plastic damage model (concrete damaged plasticity, CDP) 3 Finite Element Simulation Analysis 3.1 Establishment of the finite element model of the axial compression test 3.2 Related parameters and test results of axial compression specimens 3.3 Establishment of finite element model of three-point bending loading test 3.4 Related parameters and test results of three-point bending loading test specimens 4 Conclusion References Creep model of compacted loess considering parameter randomness and engineering application 1 Introduction 2 One-Dimensional Consolidation Creep Test 2.1 Soil sample testing 2.2 Test scheme 2.3 Analysis of test results 3 ESTAblishment and Analysis of the Creep Model 3.1 The establishment of a nonlinear creep model 3.2 Analysis of the creep parameters 3.2 Analysis of the creep parameters 3.2 Analysis of the creep parameters 3.2 Analysis of the creep parameters 3.2 Analysis of the creep parameters 3.2 Analysis of the creep parameters 3.2 Analysis of the creep parameters 3.2 Analysis of the creep parameters 3.2 Analysis of the creep parameters 3.2 Analysis of the creep parameters 3.2 Analysis of the creep parameters 3.2 Analysis of the creep parameters 3.2 Analysis of the creep parameters 3.2 Analysis of the creep parameters 3.2 Analysis of the creep parameters 3.2 Analysis of the creep parameters 3.2 Analysis of the creep parameters 3.2 Analysis of the creep parameters 3.3 Application method of the creep model considering parameter randomness 4 Secondary Development of the Creep Model 5 Engineering Applications of the Creep Models 5 Engineering Applications of the Creep Models 5 Engineering Applications of the Creep Models 5 Engineering Applications of the Creep Models 5 Engineering Applications of the Creep Models 5 Engineering Applications of the Creep Models 5 Engineering Applications of the Creep Models 5 Engineering Applications of the Creep Models 5 Engineering Applications of the Creep Models 5 Engineering Applications of the Creep Models 5 Engineering Applications of the Creep Models 5 Engineering Applications of the Creep Models 5 Engineering Applications of the Creep Models 5 Engineering Applications of the Creep Models 5 Engineering Applications of the Creep Models 5 Engineering Applications of the Creep Models 5 Engineering Applications of the Creep Models 5 Engineering Applications of the Creep Models 5.1 Numerical analysis model 5.2 Analysis of results 6 Conclusions References Study on the joint influence of slope gradient and P5 on the stability of a reinforced high-fill slope 1 Introduction 2 Basic Conditions 2.1 Prototype overview 2.2 Numerical simulation parameters 3 Study on the Influence of Different Slopes and the Filler with Different P5 on the Stability of a Reinforced High-Fill Slope 4 Conclusion References Reinforcement scheme of EPB shield tunneling through dense buildings optimal analysis 1 Introduction 2 Project Overview 3 Reinforcement Scheme of Shield Tunnel Passing Through the Building 4 Comparison and Comprehensive Analysis of 3 Reinforcement Schemes 5 Reinforcement Effect of 4 MJS Pile 6 Conclusions References Experimental study on uniaxial dynamic performance of concrete core samples of Xiluodu dam 1 Introduction 2 Test Scheme 3 Test Results 3.1 Results and analysis of compression test 3.2 Results and analysis of splitting test 4 Conclusions References Performance monitoring of new lightweight high-strength concrete 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials and mix proportion 2.2 Data acquisition equipment and materials 2.3 Optical fiber sensor layout 3 Results 3.1 Strain at 1/2 of the bridge deck 3.2 Strain at 3/4 of the bridge deck 4 Conclusions References Force analysis of pile foundation by the thickness of bearing platform under flat turning bridge girder and length of pile foundation 1 Introduction 2 Project Overview 3 Finite Element Numerical Simulation 3.1 Cell and mesh division 3.2 Material property definition 3.3 Contact simulation 3.4 Load boundary conditions 4 Finite Element Analysis Results 4.1 Pile top force distribution 4.2 Effect of bearing thickness on pile top reaction force 4.3 Pile length to pile top stress analysis 5 Uneven Coefficient of Pile Top Reaction Force 5.1 Relative stiffness factor of the pile-bearing platform 5.2 Uneven coefficient of pile top reaction force 6 Conclusions References Optimization inversion of material parameters of arch dam based on PSO-LSTM 1 Introduction 2 Basic Theory 2.1 Statistical model theory of dam deformation 2.2 LSTM network theory 2.3 PSO optimization algorithm theory 2.4 Optimized inversion model based on PSO-LSTM 3 Engineering Example 3.1 Project introduction 3.2 Establishment of statistical model and LSTM surrogate model 3.3 Analysis of parameter inversion results 4 Conclusion References Study on the influence of silica fume on sulfate attack resistance of concrete 1 Introduction 2 Raw Materials and Test Methods 2.1 Raw materials 2.2 Test method 3 Test Results and Discussion 3.1 Influence of SF content on mortar strength 3.2 Influence of SF content on sulfate attack resistance of mortar specimens 4 Conclusions References Research on bonded steel plates of hydraulic tunnel lining structure 1 Introduction 2 Common Reinforcement Schemes 3 Research on Reinforcement Scheme by Bonded Steel Plates 3.1 Project overview 3.2 Fracture genesis analysis 3.3 Scheme design of bonded steel plates 3.4 Finite element calculation and analysis 3.4.1 Computational model 3.4.2 Calculation of working conditions 3.4.3 Calculation results 4 Conclusions References Recent progress and development trends of acoustic emission detection technology for concrete structures 1 Introduction 2 Damage Source Study 2.1 Damage source generation type study 2.1.1 Parameter-based AE analysis method 2.1.2 Signal-based AE analysis methods 2.2 Damage source localization 3 The Application of Ae in Non-Destructive Testing of Concrete 3.1 Research on AE in reinforced concrete corrosion 3.2 Damage study of concrete under the action of temperature fields using AE 4 Conclusion and Expectation References Experimental and numerical study on the bending behavior of cup joints of prefabricated utility tunnel 1 Introduction 2 Overview of the Test 2.1 Test design 2.2 Test plan 3 Result of Test 3.1 Failure process of Specimen 1 3.2 Failure process of Specimen 2 3.3 Failure process of Specimen 3 4 Analysis of the Result 5 Numerical Analysis 5.1 Material and element types 5.2 Contact setting 5.3 Analysis of the result 6 Conclusion References The effect of fly ash admixture in concrete on the performance of concrete 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Materials 2.1 Cement 2.2 Fly ash 2.3 Aggregate 2.4 Water 3 Experimental Design and Experimental Procedure 3.1 Experimental design 3.2 Experimental implementation process 4 Predictive Model Construction 4.1 Construction of NPMFA, a numerical prediction model for fly ash 5 Result 5.1 Experimental results and predicted results of compressive performance. 5.2 Experimental results and predicted results of flexural properties 6 Conclusion References Study on ground settlement of EPB shield in upper-soft and lower-hard composite stratum 1 Introduction 2 Project Overview 2.1 Geological environment 2.2 Field monitoring data 3 Influence of Shield Parameters on Site Deformation 4 Conclusions References Fatigue life distribution characteristics and reliability of epoxy resin pavement mixture 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials 2.1.1 Raw materials and composition of ER binder 2.1.2 Aggregates of ER mixture 2.1.3 Preparation of ER mixtures 2.2 Experimental method 2.2.1 Static flexural test 2.2.2 Flexural fatigue test 3 Results and discussion 3.1 Static flexural and tensile properties of ER mixtures 3.2 Effect of binder-aggregate ratio on fatigue life of ER mixtures 3.3 Statistical distribution of fatigue life of ER mixtures 3.3.1 Fatigue test results 3.3.2 Fatigue life distribution test based on two-parameter Weibull distribution 3.4 Flexural fatigue strength analysis of ER mixture 3.4.1 Average S-N curve 3.4.2 Fatigue equation and P-S-N curve of two-parameter Weibull distribution 3.5 Fatigue damage reliability analysis of ER mixtures based on Miner damage theory 4 Conclusion References Study on alignment design of secondary highway in southeast gumid and hot area&x02014;take Xinxi village to Huangtian village as an example 1 Introduction 2 Geological Survey of Highway 3 Route Design 3.1 Principles of linear design 3.2 Planar linear design 3.3 Longitudinal section linear design 4 Conclusion References Viscoelastic dynamic analysis of saturated asphalt pavement under semi-sinusoidal harmonic load 1 Introduction 2 The Solution of the Dynamic Equilibrium Equation 3 Boundary Conditions 4 Axial Symmetry Viscoelastic Semi-Infinite Body 5 Calculation of the Excess Pore Water Pressure 6 Conclusion References Study on mechanical and thermal properties of green and environmentally friendly three-doped concrete self-insulating blocks 1 Introduction 2 Study on the Design and Matching Ratio of Three-Doped Concrete Blocks 2.1 Test materials and design 3 Study on the Mechanical Properties of Three-Doped Concrete Blocks 3.1 Block mold making 3.2 Block pouring and mold removal 3.3 Block compressive strength experiment 4 Finite Element Analysis of Three-Doped Concrete Self-Insulation Blocks 4.1 Finite element analysis of mechanical properties of blocks 4.1.1 Block model diagram 4.1.2 Isometric force cloud diagram 4.2 Finite element analysis of thermal properties of blocks 5 Conclusion Acknowledgments References Study on bending behavior of shape memory alloy (SMA) smart concrete beams 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Design 2.1 Specimen design 2.2 Test materials 2.3 Test device and loading system lb Test Results and Analysis 3.1 Test phenomenon 3.2 Load-deflection curve 4 Influence of The SMA Wire on The Bending Performance of The Beam 5 Conclusion References Research on mix ratio of track slab and self-compacting concrete for low-temperature environment in a laboratory 1 Introduction 2 Design Principles For The Mix of Track Plate and Self-Compacting Concrete 3 Experimental Materials 3.1 Cement 3.2 Mineral admixture 3.3 Fine aggregate 3.4 Coarse aggregate 3.5 Water-reducing agent 3.6 Viscosity-modified materials 3.7 Expansion agent 3.8 Mixing water 4 Mix Ratio of Concrete 5 Experimental Methods 5.1 Performance test of concrete mixture 5.2 Compressive strength test of concrete 6 Test Results and Analysis 6.1 Experimental results 6.2 Result analysis References Identification of bridge surface roughness based on displacement influence line of contact points of two single axle vehicles 1 Introduction 2 Formulation of The Concerned Problem 2.1 Vehicle-bridge interaction (VBI) model 2.2 Introduction of displacement influence lines 2.3 Theoretical solution of bridge surface roughness 2.4 Application to a simply-supported beam 3 Methodology of Numerical Simulation 3.1 Finite element simulation for the VBI system 3.2 Generation of surface roughness 4 Numerical Verification 5 Parameter Analysis 6 Concluding Remarks References Study on stability of Tongjiaping landslide 1 Introduction 2 Formation Mechanism and Evolution Process 2.1 Master control conditions and influence factors of landslide formation 2.2 Analysis of formation mechanism of landslide 3 Materials and Methods 4 CONCLUSIONS 4.1 Comprehensive evaluation of landslide stability 4.2 Suggestions References Structural seismic design and safety assessment Mechanical characteristics and slope stability of deposit slope excavated by highway construction under rainfall 1 Introduction 2 Engineering Background 2.1 Project introduction 2.2 Shear mechanical properties of the backfilled soils 3 Numerical Simulation Analysis 4 Analysis of Numerical Results 4.1 Stability of soil slope in the absence of rainfall 4.2 Stability of soil slope under rainfall conditions 5 Conclusions References Analysis of track-ground interactions 1 Introduction 2 Soil Classification and Characteristics 2.1 Soil classification 2.2 Soil-Bearing characteristics 2.3 Soil shear properties 3 Research Methods of Track Ground Interaction 3.1 Semi-empirical model analysis method 3.2 Simulation test method 3.3 Empirical methods 4 Interaction Between Track and Ground 4.1 Characteristics of interaction between track and ground 4.1.1 Similarities and differences between track and wheel and ground 4.1.2 Ground pressure of track 4.1.3 Core area of the track grounding plane 4.2 Types of forces acting on the interaction between track and ground 5 Summary References Wind resistance safety of oil derrick based on reliability index 1 Introduction 2 Response Analysis of Oil Derrick Under Wind Load Excitation 2.1 Design conditions 2.2 Establishment of a finite element model of the oil derrick 2.3 Wind load simulation of the oil derrick 2.4 Wind vibration response results of the oil derrick under design conditions 3 Basic Principles of Reliability Analysis 3.1 Stochastic reliability theory 3.2 Normalization of the state function 3.3 Variable data normalization 4 Reliability Analysis Results 4.1 The establishment of the state equation 4.2 Rod resistance and bearing capacity 4.3 Reliability calculation process of the ZJ70 oil derrick 4.4 Reliability analysis of the ZJ70 oil derrick under design conditions 5 Conclusion References The cost of anchorage in the sea of Lingdingyang bridge on Shenzhen-Zhongshan link 1 Introduction 2 Characteristics of Anchor Construction in the Sea 2.1 Harsh construction conditions and complex construction environment 2.2 Constrained construction site area and more complex organization 2.3 Low labor efficiency and low equipment utilization 3 Construction Organization of Anchorage in the Sea 3.1 The main construction contents 3.2 The main construction procedure 3.2.1 Centralized processing, transportation and installation of reinforcement parts 3.2.2 Construction of the island cofferdam 3.3 Main labor and ship engine input 4 Comparative Analysis of Budgeting Results with Actual Inputs 4.1 Labor costs 4.2 Costs of ship machinery equipment 4.3 Costs of auxiliary construction measure 5 The Key Factors of the Cost Management of Sea Anchorage 5.1 Budgeting 5.1.1 The secondary transfer costs of materials and equipment 5.1.2 Costs for the installation and demolition of large temporary facilities 5.1.3 Construction monitoring costs 5.2 Bid float rate 6 Conclusion References Analysis and optimization of a structural seat plate 1 General Instructions 2 Seat Structure Design 3 Finite Element Analysis 3.1 Finite element modeling 3.2 Material properties 3.3 Set contact 3.4 Mesh 3.5 Boundary conditions 4 Optimal Design of the Seat Plate 5 Conclusion References Influence of filling coefficient of long spiral drilling pressure grouting pile on pile quality(WG22027) 1 Introduction 2 Project Overview 3 Site Problems and Cause Analysis 4 Research on Concrete Diffusion in Sand 4.1 Research on the relationship between sand pore structure and permeability 4.2 Research on the diffusion range of concrete in sand 5 Control Measures for Excessive Filling Coefficient 6 Subsequent Filling Coefficient and Pile Quality Inspection 7 Conclusions References Influence of umbrella arch systems on stability of soft surrounding rock and safety of support structure 1 Introduction 2 Numerical Analysis 2.1 Design parameters 2.2 Model building 2.3 Support parameters 3 Utility Analysis of Pipe Shed 3.1 Monitoring section 3.2 Surrounding rock stability 3.3 Support security 4 Effect of Extrapolation Angle 5 Conclusions References Seismic performance level of a framed underground structure 1 Introduction 2 Overviews of the Project 3 Finite Elements Model 4 Performance Level Classification 5 Results 6 Conclusions References Seismic vulnerability analysis of existing frame shear wall structure based on layered shell element 1 Introduction 2 Model Building 2.1 Project overview 2.2 Analytical modeling 3 Incremental Dynamics Analysis (IDA) 3.1 Basic principles 3.2 Earthquake selection 3.3 Results analysis 4 Seismic Vulnerability Analysis 4.1 Performance level classification and quantification of index limits 4.2 Probabilistic seismic demand model 4.3 Vulnerability analysis 5 Conclusion References Influence of structural parameters on erosion characteristics of solid-liquid flow in U-shaped combined elbows 1 Introduction 2 Numerical Model 2.1 The continuous phase equation 2.2 The dispersed phase equation 2.3 Erosion model 2.4 Particle-wall rebound model 3 Geometric Model and Numerical Method 3.1 Geometric model and relative parameters 3.2 Mesh generation and independence test 3.3 Boundary conditions and numerical method 4 Results and Analysis 4.1 Numerical validation of different erosion models 4.2 Variation with different combination of spacings 4.3 Variation with different curvature to diameter ratios 4.4 Variation with different pipe diameters 5 Conclusions References Quasi-Static test and finite element analysis of U-shaped concrete shear wall 1 Introduction 2 Test Survey 2.1 Design and fabrication of specimens 2.2 Loading device and loading system 2.3 Creating specimens 3 Experiment Results and Analyses 4 Test Results and Analysis 4.1 Skeleton curve 4.2 Analysis of bearing capacity and Deformation capacity 4.3 Rigidity degeneration 5 Conclusion References Study on the improvement of anti sliding bearing capacity of rock socketed gravity anchorage foundation 1 Introduction 2 Project Overview 3 Model Design 3.1 Model scheme 3.2 Model materials 3.3 Fabrication of test model 3.4 Monitoring measurement and loading scheme 4 Analysis of Test Results 4.1 Analysis of anchorage settlement under vertical load 4.2 Analysis of displacement of anchorage under horizontal load 4.3 Comparative analysis of floor earth pressure 5 Conclusion of the Test References Selection of support parameters and rationality verification of a deep-buried soft rock hydraulic tunnel 1 Introduction 2 Soft Rock Deformation and Required Support Force Selection 3 Rationality Verification 4 Conclusions References Research on bending resistance performance of a modular steel construction innovative connection with installed bolts in the columns 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Study 2.1 Design and assembly method of the innovation connection 2.2 Designing and preparation of the experimental specimen 2.3 Test scheme 2.4 Measurement scheme 3 Test Phenomena and Failure Characteristics 4 Test Results and Analysis 4.1 Moment-rotation curves 4.2 The strain development in the core area 5 Conclusions References Research on frequency-magnitude relationships for Ryukyu subduction zone seismicity and the geological implications 1 Introduction 2 Methods and Data 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Research on construction technology and equipment of prefabricated structures in a subway station 1 Introduction 2 Structural System of the Prefabricated Station 2.1 Structural selection of prefabricated station 2.2 The structural system of the prefabricated station 2.2.1 Structure splitting method 2.2.2 Structural assembly 3 Construction technology of prefabricated station 3.1 Fine leveling of the foundation pit bottom 3.2 Intelligent gantry crane equipment 3.3 Assembly operation trolley 3.4 The intelligent positioning system of the assembly trolley 3.5 Automatic tensioning control system 4 Conclusions References Evaluation of Baihetan arch dam performance based on displacement separation method 1 Introduction 2 Deformation Separation Method 2.1 Principle of deformation separation method 2.1.1 Mechanical model of deformation separation method 2.1.2 Solution of equation 3 Calculation Example 3.1 Calculation model and calculation parameters 3.2 Analysis process 3.3 Results and discussion 4 Engineering Application 4.1 Project overview and calculation parameters 4.2 Result analysis 5 Conclusion References Experimental study on flexural behavior of PVC formwork 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Programs 2.1 Specimen design 2.2 Measurement arrangement 2.3 Test setup 3 Experimental Results Analysis 3.1 Failure mode 3.2 Bearing capacity analysis 3.3 Strain analysis 3.3.1 Strain analysis of aluminum alloy frame and stiffener bottom 3.3.2 Strain analysis of stiffening ribs along the height 3.4 Load-deflection relationship (N-&x00394; curves) analysis 4 Conclusions References Numerical analysis on the influence of negative skin friction of pile group in collapsible loess sites 1 Introduction 2 Three-Dimensional Finite Element Numerical Model 2.1 Material properties used in the analysis 2.2 Study cases 2.3 Modulus reduction method 3 Analysis of Numerical Simulation Results 3.1 Influence of pile spacing on negative friction and neutral point of pile groups 3.2 Influence of collapsible degree on negative friction and neutral point of pile groups 3.3 Influence of self-weight collapsible thicknesses on negative friction and neutral point of pile groups 4 Conclusion References Food security and deficit irrigation on potato production in arid regions of China 1 Introduction 2 Water-Saving Agriculture and FS 2.1 Deficit Irrigation (DI) profile 2.2 Water-saving agriculture addresses the need for FS 3 Effects of DI on Potato Production 3.1 Water consumption 3.2 Water productivity and yield 3.3 Quality 4 Results 5 Conclusion References Study on construction technology of cutoff wall in overflow weir section of sandy geological river 1 Introduction 2 Project Overview 3 Raw Material Allocation of Asphalt Concrete Under Sand Section River Channel 4 Study on Construction Technology of Cutoff Wall 5 Quality Control Testing 6 Conclusion References Research on design method of retaining structure of foundation pit near water 1 Introduction 2 Influence of Wave Load on Supporting Structure 2.1 Analysis results 3 Calculation of Support Axial Force Under an Unbalanced Load 3.1 Problem description 3.2 Fixed point adjustment coefficient calculation 3.3 Calculation case 4 Influence of Support Stiffness Ratio on Supporting Structure 4.1 Definition of stiffness ratio 4.2 Impact analysis of stiffness ratio 5 Conclusion References Mechanism analysis of floor heave disease in operation period of phyllite highway tunnel 1 Introduction 2 Engineering Background 2.1 Tunnel overview 2.2 Floor heave and its treatment during tunnel construction 2.3 Disease detection and treatment during operation 3 Mechanism Analysis of Floor Heave 3.1 Current situation of tunnel diseases 3.2 On-site inspection 3.3 Indoor test 4 Analysis of The Mechanism of Floor Heave 5 Conclusion References Study on dynamic assessment method of major risks in deep foundation pit engineering 1 Introduction 2 The Method of Dynamically Analyzing Major Risks 2.1 In this paper, the dynamic risk analysis is mainly based on three aspects: 2.2 The construction process of the deep foundation pit 2.3 Establishment of risk model based on foundation pit monitoring data 3 Prevention and Control of Major Risks During Construction 4 Conclusions References Simulation of anchorage by bottom expansion filler material 1 Introduction 2 Current Status of Research 3 Numerical Simulation Experiments 3.1 Modeling 3.2 Model simulation process 4 Conclusion References Countermeasures and suggestions for accelerating the high-quality development of Jiaozuo public transport 1 Introduction 2 Analysis of the Current Situation of Bus Development In Jiaozuo 2.1 Line network planning 2.1.1 The status quo of the bus network in Jiaozuo city 2.1.2 problems and cause analysis of bus network planning 2.2 Quality of service 2.2.1 The status of bus service quality in Jiaozuo city 2.2.2 Problems and cause analysis of bus service quality 2.3 Infrastructure 2.3.1 Current situation of public transport infrastructure in Jiaozuo 2.3.2 Analysis of problems and causes in the development of public transport infrastructure 2.4 Operation management 2.4.1 The status of bus operation management in Jiaozuo 2.4.2 Problems and cause analysis of bus operation management 3 Countermeasures and Suggestions For High-Quality Development of Jiaozuo Public Transport 3.1 Bus network level 3.2 Service quality level 3.3 Infrastructure level 3.4 Operational management level 4 Conclusion Acknowledgment References Analysis of quality problems and countermeasures in tunnel lining construction 1 Introduction 2 Problems in Tunnel Lining Construction 2.1 Quality problems of tunnel lining construction joints 2.2 The automatic pouring and vibration problem of tunnel lining 2.3 The quality inspection problem of tunnel lining 3 Solutions to Problems in Tunnel Lining Construction 3.1 Countermeasures for quality problems of tunnel lining construction joints 3.2 Solutions to problems of automatic pouring and vibration in tunnel lining 3.2.1 Immersion vibration technology 3.2.2 Grouting process with formwork 3.3 Countermeasures for quality inspection of tunnel lining 4 Conclusions References Operational situation analysis on electromechanical facilities of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao bridge based on safe and comfortable visual requirements 1 Introduction 2 Variable Message Signs (VMS) 2.1 Visual performance parameter of VMS 2.2 Evaluation and analysis of the operational service effect of VMS 3 Tunnel Lighting 3.1 Safety and comfort requirements for visual recognition of driving 3.2 Evaluation and analysis of tunnel lighting operation service effect 3.2.1 Undersea tunnel of HK-ZH-MO Bridge 3.2.2 The Guanyinshan tunnel at the HK section of the HK-ZH-MO Bridge 4 Enlightenment from the Construction of E&x00026;M Facilities Funding References Development of seismic isolation structures in seismic applications 1 Introduction 2 Foundation Vibration Isolation 2.1 Principle of foundation seismic isolation 2.2 Lead core rubber vibration isolation bearing 2.3 Laminated rubber bearing 3 Frame Shear Wall Structure System for Seismic Isolation 3.1 Principle 3.2 Applications 3.3 Replaceable structural originals 4 Outlook 5 Conclusion References Application analysis of digital survey technology in geotechnical engineering 1 Introduction 2 Overview of Geotechnical Engineering Digital Survey Technology 3 Application Advantages of Digital Survey Technology in Geotechnical Engineering 3.1 It is conducive to improving the coordination between the survey department and the design department 3.2 Improve the coherence between digital maps and design systems 4 Specific Application of Digital Survey Technology in Geotechnical Engineering 4.1 Application of geographic information system 4.2 Application of geostatistics 4.3 Build a geological model 5 Conclusion References Research on influencing factors and countermeasures of construction quality of residential projects 1 Introduction 2 Identification of Factors Affecting the Quality of the Construction Process of Residential Engineering Projects Based on Literature Analysis 2.1 Discovery of factors affecting the quality of the residential project construction process based on literature analysis 2.2 Factor adjustment based on investigation 3 Questionnaire Design and Data Collection 3.1 Questionnaire design 3.2 Selection of survey subjects 3.3 Collection of survey data 4 Data Processing and Analysis of Factors Affecting the Construction Quality of Residential Engineering Projects 4.1 Project analysis 4.2 Extraction and naming of common factors 5 Conclusion References Study on drilling speed increase technology of slim hole horizontal wells 1 Introduction 2 Bit Selection 3 Hydraulic Parameter Optimization 4 Field Test And Technical Application 4.1 Trajectory control of a deviation-making section of slim hole horizontal well 4.2 Trajectory control of a horizontal section of slim hole horizontal well 4.3 Drilling speed increase results 5 Conclusion Acknowledgment References Optimization analysis of children’s schoolbag design based on Kansei engineering and KANO model—for children aged 7-12 1 Research Background 2 Research Purpose and Significance 3 Market Research and User Analysis 3.1 Market research on children&x00027;s school bags 3.2 Analysis of psychological and physiological conditions of 7-14-year-old children 4 Schoolbag Design Ideas and Methods 4.1 Analysis of users&x00027; needs based on the KANO model 4.2 Extraction of product elements based on Kansei engineering 4.3 Constructing the perceptual image model of the schoolbag 5 Summarize References Structural dynamics simulation of a vehicle-borne radar in transit 1 Introduction 2 Finite Element Model of Radar 3 Modal Analysis 4 Shock Response Analysis 5 Vibration Transmissibility Analysis 6 Random Vibration Analysis 7 Conclusion References Flame retardant and smoke suppression effect of lignin-Based flame retardant coatings 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 EDX elemental analysis and mechanical test 3.2 Cone calorimeter test results 3.2.1 Heat release test 3.2.2 Smoke release test 3.3 Analysis of flame retardant mechanisms of materials 4 Conclusion References Author index