Motherland and Progress: Hungarian Architecture and Design 1800–1900

Description

In the 19th century Hungary witnessed unprecedented social, economic and cultural development. The country became an equal partner within the Dual Monarchy when the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 was concluded. Architecture and all forms of design flourished as never before. A distinctly Central European taste emerged, in which the artistic presence of the German-speaking lands was augmented by the influence of France and England. As this process unfolded, attempts were made to find a uniquely Hungarian form, based on motifs borrowed from peasant art as well as real (or fictitious) historical antecedents. "Motherland and Progress" - the motto of 19th-century Hungarian reformers - reflected the programme embraced by the country in its drive to define its identity and shape its future. Contents......Page 6 Preface......Page 12 The Historical Background (KS)......Page 16 Nineteenth-Century Art and Periodisation in Hungarian Art Historiography (KS)......Page 26 A Brief History of Research into Nineteenth-Century Hungarian Architecture and Applied Arts (JS–ÁP)......Page 40 Part One. Neo-Classicism (1800–1840)......Page 52 The Architectural Profession and Its Principal Actors – The Architectural Style (JS)......Page 54 Urban Planning in Pest, and the Beautification Committee (GW)......Page 65 The Chain Bridge (JS)......Page 75 Public and Civic Buildings (JS)......Page 79 The City Theatre (German Theatre) and the Vigadó Concert Hall (JS)......Page 87 The Hungarian National Museum (JS)......Page 91 Domestic Architecture (GGyP)......Page 96 Urban Architecture (GW)......Page 110 County Halls and City Halls (JS)......Page 116 The County Hall in Szekszárd (JS)......Page 122 Church Schools, Libraries and Abbeys (JS)......Page 125 The Calvinist Great College in Sárospatak (JS)......Page 128 The Benedictine Archabbey in Pannonhalma (JS)......Page 130 Buildings with Civic or Utilitarian Functions (JS)......Page 133 Domestic Architecture (JS)......Page 143 Bathing Resorts (JS)......Page 149 Balatonfüred (JS)......Page 154 Cathedrals (JS)......Page 157 Esztergom Cathedral (JS)......Page 160 Eger Cathedral (JS)......Page 164 Parish Churches, Chapels and Mausoleums (JS)......Page 167 Protestant Church Architecture (IB)......Page 175 Protestant Churches after the Patent of Toleration (IB)......Page 176 Atypical Churches (IB)......Page 181 Characteristics of Non-Catholic Architecture (IB)......Page 185 Achievements in Church-Building after the Patent of Toleration (IB)......Page 189 The Great Reformed Church in Debrecen (JS)......Page 192 Synagogues (JS)......Page 196 Country House Architecture (JS)......Page 199 Style, Configuration and Massing (JS)......Page 200 Ground Plan, Function and Interior (JS)......Page 208 The Habsburg Palace in Alcsút (JS)......Page 212 Keglevich Mansion in Kistapolcsány (JS)......Page 215 Gardens and Parks (JS)......Page 219 Changes Taking Place after the Second Half of the Eighteenth Century (PRo)......Page 226 The Crisis in the Cabinetmakers’ Guilds (PRo)......Page 227 The Mediation of Style (PRo)......Page 230 The Wider Role Played by Carpenters from Pest-Buda (PRo)......Page 234 Changes in the Style of Furniture (PRo)......Page 235 Material Culture (GB)......Page 245 Part Two. Romanticism (1840–1870)......Page 262 The Functions of Architecture and the Search for Style (JS)......Page 264 Building Practices, Architectural Training and the Theory and History of Architecture (JS)......Page 269 Efforts made towards Constructing a Parliament Building (JS)......Page 277 The House of Representatives (JS)......Page 281 Other Secular Public Buildings (JS)......Page 283 The Vigadó Concert Hall in Pest (DK)......Page 301 The Palace of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (JS)......Page 308 Catholic Churches (JS)......Page 316 The Parish Church in Fót (PF)......Page 323 Protestant Churches (JS)......Page 328 Synagogues (JS)......Page 331 The Great Synagogue on Dohány Street in Pest (DK)......Page 334 Monuments and Similar Structures (JS)......Page 339 Apartment Blocks, Urban Palaces and Workers’ Estates (JS)......Page 343 Country Houses (JS)......Page 355 Zichy-Ferraris Mansion in Oroszvár (JS)......Page 365 Erdody Mansion in Vörösvár (JS)......Page 368 Villas (JS)......Page 371 Other Buildings (JS)......Page 375 Parks and Gardens (JS)......Page 385 Iron Structures, Metal Railings and the Associated Disciplines (JS)......Page 389 Early Monument Restoration (JS)......Page 394 Fine Furniture and Interior Design (HH)......Page 401 Material Culture (ÁP)......Page 410 Part Three. Historicism (1870–1900)......Page 422 The Architectural Scene and its Main Actors (JS)......Page 424 The Question of Architectural Style (JS)......Page 432 The Hungarian Royal Joseph Technical University and the State High School for Industry (JS)......Page 443 Hungarian Architects Studying Abroad (JS)......Page 446 Education in the Applied Arts (ÁP)......Page 451 Architectural Periodicals (JS)......Page 453 Applied Arts Periodicals (ÁP)......Page 456 Architectural Libraries and Book Collections (JS)......Page 458 Architects’ Associations (JS)......Page 460 The Society of Applied Arts, Specialist Museums and Pattern Books (ÁP)......Page 461 Public Buildings for the State (JS)......Page 465 Ministries and Government Offices (JS)......Page 466 The Main Customs House (JS)......Page 475 Buildings for Education (JS)......Page 478 The University Library (JS)......Page 487 Museums and Exhibition Spaces (JS)......Page 490 Hospitals and Barracks (JS)......Page 492 Roman Catholic Churches (GGyP)......Page 496 Saint Stephen’s Basilica (JS)......Page 514 Erzsébetváros Parish Church (JS)......Page 522 Protestant Churches (ER)......Page 528 The Calvinist Church on Szilágyi Dezso Square (ER)......Page 535 Synagogues (JS)......Page 538 Mausoleums (GGyP)......Page 543 The Kossuth Mausoleum (GGyP)......Page 552 The Start of the Institutional System (PL)......Page 556 Conservation Tasks (PL)......Page 558 The Church of Our Lady in Buda Castle (PL)......Page 568 Pécs Cathedral (PL)......Page 572 City Planning (GW)......Page 575 The Radial Avenue (Andrássy Avenue) (GW)......Page 591 Public Parks (JS)......Page 596 Bridges (JR)......Page 604 City Halls and County Halls (JS)......Page 610 Kecskemét City Hall (JS)......Page 616 Theatres, Assembly Rooms and Casinos (JS)......Page 619 The Opera House (JS)......Page 628 Hotels and Spas (JS)......Page 634 Industrial Buildings and Halls (JR)......Page 638 The Central Market Hall (JR)......Page 653 The Western Railway Station (JR)......Page 656 The Eastern Railway Station (JR)......Page 659 Tenement Palaces and Apartment Blocks (JS)......Page 662 Multifunctional Residential Properties (JS)......Page 670 Private Palaces (JS)......Page 674 Wenckheim Palace in Budapest (JS)......Page 682 Workers’ Homes, Family Houses and Housing Estates (JS)......Page 685 Villas (PR)......Page 693 Country Houses and their Parks (JS)......Page 698 Nádasdy Mansion in Nádasdladány (JS)......Page 714 Festetics Mansion in Keszthely (JS)......Page 717 Pálffy Castle in Bajmóc (JS)......Page 721 Architecture and the Associated Arts (JR)......Page 725 Furniture and Interior Design (HH)......Page 741 Material Culture (ÁP)......Page 760 The Millennium Buildings (JS)......Page 777 Antecedent: The National Exhibition of 1885 (JS)......Page 782 The Millennium Exhibition of 1896 (JS)......Page 785 The Parliament Building (JS)......Page 793 The Millennium Monument, the Hall of Arts and the Museum of Fine Arts (JS)......Page 803 The Fishermen’s Bastion (JS)......Page 807 The Curia (Supreme Court) (JS)......Page 810 The Royal Palace in Buda (PF)......Page 813 The Museum of Applied Arts (JS)......Page 822 New Phenomena and Alternatives to Historicism – The Beginnings of the Secession (JS)......Page 828 Introduction......Page 840 Part One......Page 852 Part Two......Page 861 Part Three......Page 866 Bibliography......Page 890 Picture Credits......Page 942 Name Index......Page 956 Place Index......Page 970