Adverbial Clauses in Cross-Linguistic Perspective

Description

This study investigates adverbial clauses from a cross-linguistic perspective. In line with other recent typological research in the context of complex sentences and clause-linkage, it proceeds from a detailed, multivariate analysis of the morphosyntactic characteristics of the phenomenon under scrutiny. 6_Chapter 1_NC_pre-final_10_08.pdf 1 Introduction 1.1 Overview 1.2 Outline of the Study 7_NC_Chapter 2_pre-final_28_09.pdf 2 Theoretical and Methodological Preliminaries 2.1 Introduction 2.2 The Functional-Typological Approach 2.2.1 Cross-linguistic comparison, universals of language, and linguistic diversity 2.2.2 Usage-based typological explanations 2.3 The Notion of Adverbial Clause 2.3.1 Subordination and adverbial clauses 2.3.1.1 The formal approach to the definition of subordination 2.3.1.2 The functional approach to the definition of subordination 2.3.1.3 Cognitive asymmetry, assertiveness, and adverbial clauses 2.3.2 Towards a comparative concept of adverbial clauses 2.3.3 Definitions of the individual semantic types 2.3.3.1 Temporal clauses 2.3.3.2 Conditional clauses 2.3.3.3 Concessive clauses 2.3.3.4 Causal clauses 2.3.3.5 Purpose clauses 2.3.3.6 Result clauses 2.3.3.7 The modal relations 2.4 Methodological Preliminaries 2.4.1 Language sampling 2.4.2 Scope of the analysis 8_NC_Chapter 3_pre-final_10_04.pdf 3 The Structure of Adverbial Clauses in Cross-Linguistic Perspective 3.1 Introduction 3.2 TAM Marking 3.2.1 Tense and aspect 3.2.2 Fixed tense-aspect marking and individual adverbial clause types 3.2.3 Mood 3.3 The Categorial Status of the Verb 3.3.1 Nominalizations 3.3.2 Infinitives 3.3.3 Participles 3.3.4 Converbs 3.4 The Coding of the Arguments 3.4.1 Argument indexation 3.4.2 Argument coding as possessor or oblique 3.4.3 Subject expression under coreference 3.5 The Clausal Linkage Device 3.5.1 Mechanisms of clause linkage 3.5.2 Position of the clausal linker 3.6 Aspects of Linear Order 3.6.1 Position of the adverbial clause 3.6.2 Clause-internal word order change and word order restrictions 3.7 Negation 3.7.1 The ability to be independently negated 3.7.2 Special negation marking 3.7.3 Negative polarity marking in before-clauses 3.8 Other Variables 3.9 Concluding Remarks 9_NC_Chapter 4_pre-final_10_04.pdf 4 The Downgrading Hierarchy of Adverbial Clauses 4.1 Introduction 4.2 New Perspectives on the Downgrading Hierarchy 4.2.1 A four-way distinction in the system of English clause combining 4.2.2 Distinct degrees of downgrading in other languages 4.3 A Downgrading Hierarchy of Adverbial Clauses 4.3.1 Method 4.3.1.1 Variables and their relation to the downgrading status of a clause 4.3.1.2 Procedure 4.3.2 Results 4.4 Discussion 4.4.1 Justification, concession and result 4.4.2 Time, content-level cause, and purpose 4.4.3 Condition 4.4.4 The modal relations 4.5 Conclusion 10_NC_Chapter 5_pre-final_10_04.pdf 5 The Intra-Categorial Conceptual Space of Adverbial Clauses: The Multifunctionality of Adverbial Relations 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Methodological Issues 5.2.1 Sampling 5.2.2 Definitions and scope 5.2.3 Data 5.3 Multifunctionality in the Context of Adverbial Relations 5.3.1 Degrees of multifunctionality and explicitness in the individual adverbial relations 5.3.2 Individual patterns of multifunctionality 5.4 Visualizing the Multifunctionality Data of Adverbial Relations: An MDS Approach 5.4.1 Semantic maps and MDS in linguistic typology and the context of adverbial relations 5.4.2 An MDS map of adverbial relations 5.4.3 Multidimensional Scaling as a typologist’s tool 5.5 Explanation and Discussion: Relatedness at the Conceptual and the Diachronic Level 5.5.1 Cognitive centrality and level of informativeness 5.5.2 Usage-related aspects and grammaticalization 5.5.3 Cognitive relatedness and metaphorical/analogical change 5.6 Conclusion Leere Seite 11_Chapter 6_pre-final_28_09.pdf 6 Conclusions and Outlook