Routledge Handbook of the Business of Women's Sport

Description

Combining knowledge from sport management, marketing, media, leadership, governance, and consumer behavior in innovative ways, this book goes further than any other in surveying current theory and research on the business of women’s sport around the world, making it an unparalleled resource for all those who aspire to work in, or understand, women’s sport. Featuring international perspectives, with authors from North America, South America, Europe, Asia, and Oceania, and insightful, in-depth profiles of real leaders within different sectors of women's sport in the global sport industry, the Routledge Handbook of the Business of Women's Sport offers an integrated understanding of the ways traditional media and social media impact both the understanding and advancement of women’s sport properties, businesses, teams, and athletes. Innovative case studies show how societal issues such as gender, power, and framing impact the business of women’s sports and those who work in women’s sport. An essential reference for any researcher or advanced student with an interest in women’s sport or women in business, and useful supplementary reading for researchers and advanced students working in sport business, sport management, mainstream business and management, or women’s studies. Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents List of contributors Introduction Editors’ ambition Overview of the book References PART I: History and evolution of women’s sport business Chapter 1: History and evolution of women’s sport Philosophical foundations of women’s sport Evolution of women’s professional sport Conclusion Leader profiles References Chapter 2: The impact of Title IX and other equity laws on the business of women’s sport Constance Applebee’s entrepreneurial influence Title IX as a response to sex discrimination Title IX’s impact on the business of school sports Title IX’s impact on participation at the high school and college levels The magnitude of change in the college sport industry post-Title IX The ongoing process of achieving gender equity Conclusion Leader profile: Sandy Barbour, Director of Athletics, the Pennsylvania State University References Chapter 3: Sociological perspectives of women in sport Sociological perspectives on women in sport Conclusion Leader profile: Mary Jo Kane Note References Chapter 4: Women trailblazers in sport business Baseball Basketball Football Hockey Mixed martial arts Motorsports Olympics Soccer Sport media Sports agents Tennis Conclusion References Chapter 5: The history of women in sport management academe and the treatment of female faculty members in sport management higher education Creation and growth of sport management programs History of sport business History and treatment of women in sport management higher education Conclusion Leader profile: Dr. Joy DeSensi References PART II: Management of women’s sport Chapter 6: The role of bias in the under-representation of women in leadership positions Introduction Bias Conclusions Leader profile: Yuen Ting Chan References Chapter 7: The delivery and management of women-only sport events and their future sustainability Women’s sport participation evolution Research on women-only events Conclusion Leader profile: Nancy Reinisch, Co-Founder/USAT Certified Coach, Roaring Fork Women’s Triathlon Team References Chapter 8: Women in leadership positions within Canadian sport Introduction Government actions and organizations working toward gender equity Women’s involvement in leadership positions Gender-based violence Future prospects to achieve gender equity in the Canadian sport system Conclusions Leader profile: Wendy Pattenden, CEO, Canadian Sport Institute Pacific Notes References Chapter 9: Professional women’s sport in Australia Introduction History of professional women’s sport in Australia Australian Rules Football Basketball Cricket Netball Soccer Individual professional sports New leagues in 2018 and beyond Conclusion Leader profile: Stephanie Beltrame References Chapter 10: From the battlefield to the board room: the place of gender in sex-integrated sport The evolution of equestrian sport: military, men, and medals Participation is not the same as presence and power Conclusion Leader profile: Amanda Bond References Chapter 11: Migratory process of Brazilian Olympic women Introduction Methods Results Migration outcomes for Brazilian women athletes Conclusion Leader profile: Katia Rubio, Ph.D. References Chapter 12: Management of professional women’s golf in the United States History of women’s golf League challenges and their implications on growth Conclusion Leader profile: Sandi Higgs, LPGA Vice President – Creative Group and Brand Management References Chapter 13: Socio-historical development of Korean women’s golf The beginning era of golf in Korea Junior and college golf organization Evolving social issues of golf Conclusion References PART III: Economics and financial aspects of women’s sport Chapter 14: The relative success story of the WNBA Introduction Leader profile: Terri Jackson, Director of Operations for the WNBPA Notes References Chapter 15: Public expenditure on women’s sport and gender equality among recipients of public expenditure in European sport Introduction Public expenditure on women’s sport Recipients of public funding and gender equality Effects of increasing gender equality Conclusion Leader profile: Bibiana Steinhaus Note References Chapter 16: The new gender equity in elite women’s sports Title IX and elite women’s athletics Gender equity and the Amateur Sports Act The gender pay gap Gender equity in sports: The next frontier Implications for the future Leader profile: Angela Ruggiero References Chapter 17: Social entrepreneurship What is social entrepreneurship? Issues impacting women and girls Critiquing sport social entrepreneurship Leader profile: Patti Phillips, CEO, Women Leaders in College Sports References Chapter 18: Business analytics in women’s professional sports Growth of analytics in sport State of business analytics in US women’s professional sport Type of analytics used in women’s professional sports Business analytics in men’s professional sports Conclusion Leader profile: Laura Meyer, VP of Business Intelligence, Minnesota Timberwolves & Lynx References PART IV: Leadership and governance Chapter 19: Under-representation of women in leadership roles in women’s sport Leadership labyrinth A multi-level approach Conclusion Leader profile: Amy Huchthausen, Commissioner, America East Conference References Chapter 20: Women’s roles and positions in European sport organizations: historical developments and current tendencies Introduction: Background and questions Female leaders in international sport organizations including the Olympic movement Gender arrangements in sports organizations: Women in leading positions in various federations and countries Sports organizations as a male preserve: A global phenomenon Leader profile: Professor Gudrun Doll-Tepper Notes References Chapter 21: Socio-political context in which the business of women’s sport takes place in Latin America Women in Latin American society Women and sport Conclusion Leader profile: María José Soto Gil Notes References Chapter 22: National sporting organizations and women’s sport participation: an Australian focus Background Sport development Cricket Australia Australian Rules football: The Australian Football League Conclusion Leader profile: Chyloe Kurdas References Chapter 23: Governance of women’s sport in China Girls and women in the history of Chinese sport The gender structure in China’s national sport organizations Olympic strategy and women The rise of sports consumption in China: The changing role of women Conclusion Leader profile: Lijia (Lily) Xu Notes References Chapter 24: Women’s involvement in sport governance: a case study of New Zealand rugby Background to the study of sport governance Background to the study of women’s involvement in sport governance Institutionalization of New Zealand Rugby governance: The forces against change Challenges to institutionalization: Forces contributing to change Conclusion and directions for research and practice Leader profile: Dr. Farah Palmer (based on work by Sophie Parker) Acknowledgment References Chapter 25: Governance of college sport Women’s leadership and college sport governance Senior Woman Administrator (SWA) Gender equity issues in intercollegiate athletics governance NCAA Gender-Equity Task Force Financial streams and fan support Growing women’s sport Leadership profile: Val Ackerman, Commissioner, Big East Conference References Chapter 26: The evolution of women’s rugby No place for women in rugby The emergence of women’s rugby Investing in women’s rugby Leadership profile: Jennifer Gray – Regional Services Manager, World Rugby References Chapter 27: Women and elite coaching in New Zealand: challenges, benefits, and opportunities Introduction Current state of play in New Zealand Women as elite coaches: the benefits Women as elite coaches: the challenges Winning at all costs: searching for a different measure of success A national strategic approach to developing a pipeline of women coaches Conclusion Leader profile: Haidee Tiffen References PART V: Marketing and consumer behavior Chapter 28: Authentically communicating with women consumers: examining successful (and non-successful) branding and marketing efforts Speaking to a culture What is culture? A failure to communicate Research and staffing Sport marketing: Properly targeting women Conclusion Leader profile: Anna Karefa-Johnson References Chapter 29: Team identification in women’s sport: what little we know The theoretical foundation of team identification Team identification Team identification in women’s sport Women’s sport attendance and viewership A path forward Leader profile: Kerrilyn Curtin, Director of Market Research and Planning, LPGA References Chapter 30: Women are sport fans! An examination of female sport fandom Female sports fans: Why they matter Defining a “fan” Cultural shifts Transformation of the female sport fan Stereotypes and the current view of women as fans Women not watching women Women as equal “fans” Differences between men and women Implications for the sport industry The future: What affect will data and analytics have on the female sports fan? Leader profile: Tracy West References Chapter 31: Marketing women’s professional tennis Gender equality in professional tennis Media and marketing representations Social media use to promote professional women’s tennis Conclusion Leader profile: Karl Budge, Director, The LIVE Experience Note References Chapter 32: Sexism in marketing women’s sport and female athletes: ineffective and harmful Introduction The assumption that sex sells Female athletes’ perspectives Conflicting evidence Deleterious effects of sexualized depictions of female athletes Conclusion Leader profile: Cheri Kempf References Chapter 33: You’re just not our type: an examination of the obstacles faced by women athlete endorsers Celebrity athlete endorsement overview Source credibility Source attractiveness Transfer of meaning process Match-up hypothesis Conclusion References Chapter 34: Sponsorship of women’s sport History of sponsorship in sport Sexism in sponsorship Why sponsors need women’s sport Sponsorship objectives Sponsorship conceptual framework Conclusion Leader profile: Megan Kahn, Executive Director, WeCOACH References PART VI: Media and technology Chapter 35: Social media and women’s sport: what have we learned so far Media coverage of women’s sport Athletes in the digital landscape: Fans’ responses Women’s sport fandom in the digital world Women sport journalists’ experiences in the digital realm Conclusion Leader profile: The GIST References Chapter 36: Female athletes find a place for expression on Instagram Discussion Leader profile: Andrea Canales References Chapter 37: Transforming sporting spaces into male spaces: considering sports media practices in an evolving sporting landscape The ideological work of sports journalism Sports media’s role in constructing women as the athletic other Historical connections to the marginalization of women’s sports in media Protecting sporting spaces as male spaces Connecting content to the producers Girl power and sport media Conclusion and avenues for future research Leader profile: Vicki Michaelis References Chapter 38: Netball: carving out media and corporate success in the game for all girls Introduction Netball in New Zealand Going semi-professional: The trans-Tasman ANZ Championship (2008–2016) The growth of social media Conclusion Leader profile: Kate Buchanan Note References Chapter 39: Deserving of attention: traditional media coverage and the use of social media by female athletes with disabilities Framing of athletes with disabilities Characterizations of women athletes with disabilities Paralympic Games and coverage of athletes with disabilities Female athletes competing in the Paralympic Games Financial concerns for women athletes with disabilities Women athletes with disabilities’ use of social media The IPC’s digital media guidelines (IPC, 2017) The future Leader profile: Alana Nichols References Chapter 40: Sport, sponsors, and sponsor fit: media presentations of Norwegian women athletes in Olympic events Introduction The media presentation of women athletes and teams during four events Collective smiles and tears: Handball YOG 2014 and OG 2016 Medals and tears: Cross-country skiing YOG 2016 and OG 2014 Women athletes, team values, (lack of) coverage, and sponsors Leader profile: Jorunn Horgen Note References Chapter 41: Media coverage of women athletes during the Olympic Games Introduction Olympic media coverage devoted to women Opportunities for women Olympic athletes via social media Conclusion Leader profile: Nastia Liukin References Conclusion Media Marketing Consumers Management Academia Final thoughts References Index