High Frequency Sources of Coherent Radiation for Fusion Plasmas

Description

Contents Chapter 1 Magnetically confined plasma for fusion energy 1.1 Worldwide energy needs and fusion plants 1.2 Fusion products and energy balance 1.3 Magnetic field and confinement 1.4 Magnetic mirror and confinement 1.5 Plasma as a state of matter 1.6 Plasma kinetic theory 1.7 Ohmic heating References Chapter 2 MHD models, plasma equilibrium and instabilities 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Fusion reaction in the Sun and associated energy production 2.3 Elements of magnetohydrodynamics and plasma physics 2.4 Liouville, Vlasov and Boltzmann equations and ideal MHD 2.5 Plasma MHD phenomenology: a qualitative picture 2.6 Magnetic field Hamiltonian and rotational transform 2.7 Toroidal MHD equilibrium 2.8 The Stellarator 2.9 MHD plasma instabilities References Chapter 3 Plasma additional heating and Tokamak engineering issues 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Plasma scaling formulae and ohmic heating 3.3 Magnetic fusion heating devices: the neutral beam injection 3.4 Radio frequency plasma heating: a few preliminaries 3.4.1 Cold magnetized plasma 3.4.2 Hot magnetized plasma 3.5 The physics of radio frequency plasma heating 3.6 Generalities on beam plasma energy transfer 3.7 The mechanism of radio frequency–plasma interaction 3.8 X-mode and O-mode transfer power 3.9 Practical formulae for plasma physics and fusion devices 3.9.1 Scaling References Chapter 4 Undulator based free electron laser 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Undulator based FEL, generalities 4.3 U-FEL and other free electron sources of coherent electromagnetic radiation 4.4 Free electron laser phenomenology and gain 4.5 FEL low and high gain regimes 4.6 Non-linear regime and saturation 4.7 Free electron laser oscillators 4.8 High gain FELs and self-amplified-spontaneous emission devices: generalities References Chapter 5 An overview of the gyrotron theory 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Basic physical principles of gyrotron operation 5.2.1 Cyclotron resonance 5.2.2 Azimuthal bunching of the electrons 5.2.3 Beam-wave synchronism and Brillouin diagram 5.2.4 Types of gyro-devices 5.2.5 The efficiency of the interaction and output power 5.2.6 Mode selection and coupling factor 5.2.7 Different approaches and physical models describing the operation of the gyrotron 5.2.8 Physical models in the framework of the relativistic electrodynamics 5.3 Electron-optical systems of gyrotrons 5.3.1 Conventional EOS 5.3.2 EOS of LOG 5.3.3 Cathodes of MIG for gyrotrons 5.4 Quasi-optical systems of the gyrotrons 5.5 Output windows of the gyrotrons References Chapter 6 CARM theory and relevant phenomenology 6.1 Introduction 6.2 U-FEL, gyrotron, CARM interaction: a common point view 6.2.1 Small signal theory: FEL versus CARM analytical solution 6.3 Non-linear regime and saturated power 6.3.1 The 1D GRAAL code 6.4 FEL to CARM scaling law 6.5 Transverse mode selection: operating configuration 6.6 CARM oscillator and cavity design: numerical simulation 6.7 Operating mode selection: Q-factor, starting current and cavity length 6.8 Starting current and energy spread References Chapter 7 Plasma heating with coherent FEL-like sources 7.1 U-FEL and fusion applications 7.2 Gyrotron for fusion and current status 7.3 The CARM design for fusion application 7.3.1 Gun design and e-beam qualities 7.3.2 The e-beam transport line modeling 7.4 A hint to the development of future technologies 7.4.1 RF undulators and wigglers References Appendix